高中英語 基本句型精品課件五大句型課件 新人教

1、2021/8/11 星期三1英語中的五種基本句型2021/8/11 星期三2 英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四： + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）2021/8/11 星期三3基本句型 一 +（主謂） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句

2、子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。2021/8/11 星期三4 （不及物動詞）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone2021/8/11 星期三5基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子

3、有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand2021/8/11 星期三6（是系動詞）(表語)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The b

4、ook 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(聞)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 2021/8/11 星期三7 基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。2021/8/11 星期三8（實(shí)義動詞）(賓語) 1.

5、Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 2021/8/11 星期三9 基本句型 四 + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動作的間接承受者。 通常這

6、一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連接，當(dāng)動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。2021/8/11 星期三10（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the ma

7、chine. that the bus was late. 2021/8/11 星期三11 基本句型 五 + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。2021/8/11 星期三12（及物）（賓語）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him

8、me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 2021/8/11 星期三13典型例題分析（二）2021/8/11 星期三141.They work hard. 主 + 謂2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 簡賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 +

9、賓 + 賓補(bǔ)6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 謂2021/8/11 星期三15 除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例： We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great

10、 hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日報(bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報(bào)告。20

11、21/8/11 星期三16 不同的動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動詞的類型。以 get 為例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V O) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O C) He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O) 在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思: I fo

12、und the book easily. 我很容易地找到了這本書。S V O M） I found the book easy. 我覺得這本書很容易。 （S V O C） I have to do something. 我得做點(diǎn)事。 I have something to do. 我有點(diǎn)事做。 2021/8/11 星期三17 A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ce

13、asefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V 2021/8/11 星期三18 A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + O 2021/8/11 星期三19 Ministry: Thai bird flu did not origina

14、te in China According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was

15、 similar to recent finds in southern China, the ministrys statement said. s+v+p A policeman removes a check point notice from the road to the village where bird flu patient were found in Zhongwei County, northwest Ningxia Autonomous Region, August 12, 2006. Xinhua2021/8/11 星期三20Members of Hong Kong

16、singing group, Gillian Chung (L) and Charlene Choi hold a banner which reads “Dignity” during a news conference entitled “Privacy and dignity: Hong Kong peoples business” in Hong Kong August 28, 2006. Semi-nude(半裸) photos of Chung taken with a hidden camera have sparked an uproar(騷動) among fans and

17、womens right groups. S+ V+O2021/8/11 星期三21 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had

18、to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。 簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個(gè)定語從句。2021/8/11 星期三22 Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extrao

19、rdinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. S+V+P Josephine Tesauro, left, active and healthy at 92, is part of a study trying to determine why some people age better than others, even wh

20、en they are closely related. 2021/8/11 星期三23 Washington says world powers are poised to begin discussing punitive measures next week against Iran if, as expected, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports Teheran has ignored the UN demand to stop enriching uranium by August 31. 2021/8/11

21、 星期三24英語句式考查2021/8/11 星期三251.Whomwouldyourather_thecar? Myfather. A. havefix B. havetofix C. hadfix D. havetobefixed2.Wasit8oclock _youheardsomeone_ atthedoor? A.when;knockingB.when;knock C.that;knockingD.that;knock3.Wasitintheroom_Mr.Johnlived_the exhibitionwasheld? A.that;that B.where;where C.that

22、;where D.where;that4.Is_youwanttosay? Yes,_thatsallIknow. A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unless C.thatall;D.allthat;so2021/8/11 星期三265.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradio broadcastsbegan? A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since6._thehouseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto? A.WhenwasitthatB.Whenhas C.HasD.Had7.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy? A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it8.WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1994,_ wasledbycaptainJohnson,_Peter losthislife? A.when;thatB.that;who C.which;thatD.which;when2021/8/11 星期三279.-Would you tell me _you want your tea, with sugar or milk? -Sugar, please. A.whether B.when C.what D.