高中英語 語法過關(guān)動詞和動詞詞組輔導(dǎo)課件

1、2021/8/11 星期三1(七)動詞和動詞詞組 一、動詞的同義詞辨析1.常作為考點(diǎn)的同義詞 celebrate；congratulate interview；cover disturb；interrupt；bother appreciate；thank avoid；miss；escape believe；trust care；mind attend；join choose；select 2021/8/11 星期三2collect；gatherpuzzle；confuse consider；imagine；think；believecontain；include defeat；beat；win

2、demand；require；request fetch；bring；take；carryprotect；prevent hurt；ache；wound；damage；injuresuggest；advise stop；pause；quitsupply；provide；offer spend；cost；take；paywear；dress；have；put on 2021/8/11 星期三3hope；wish；expect；look forward to；desirecontinue；last bear；standseparate；divide tell；say；speak；talkstrik

3、e；hit；beat fit；suit；match；adaptcheck；examine；test watch；see；notice；observeoperate；do；work raise；rise；arisereceive；accept recognize；know 2021/8/11 星期三4 seize；catch；grasp；snatch refuse；decline；reject；deny ride；drive；operate；run steal；rob order；book(預(yù)訂) manage；try persuade；advise wear；dress prohibit；fo

4、rbid2.動詞同義詞辨析題解題技巧 從四個方面考慮：詞義；搭配(與介詞或名詞搭配)；用 法；詞性(及物動詞還是不及物動詞) 2021/8/11 星期三5【例1】 God is believed, in terms of religion, to have _ the universe out of darkness and chaos. A.created B.invented C.discovered D.produced 解題關(guān)鍵 解此題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚這四個單詞的確切詞義。 create“創(chuàng)造”，指制造出新事物，使某物存在；invent“發(fā)明”， 指科學(xué)技術(shù)上的發(fā)明，發(fā)明新的技術(shù)、工具

5、、方案等； discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指本來已經(jīng)存在的東西，后來首次為人們所知 曉；produce“生產(chǎn)，制造”，指通過機(jī)器或動植物生長而產(chǎn)生的 新事物。根據(jù)題意“根據(jù)宗教的說法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中創(chuàng) 造出了宇宙?！笨芍鸢笧锳。 2021/8/11 星期三6【例2】 He has been _ of murdering his wife. A.charged B.blamed C.accused D.arrested 解題關(guān)鍵 解此題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚這四個單詞與介詞的搭配。 charge“控告，指控”，常與介詞with搭配：charge sb. with sth.“因某事而控告某人”。bl

6、ame“責(zé)備，責(zé)怪”，常與介詞for搭 配：blame sb. for sth.“因某事而責(zé)備某人”。accuse“指控，控 告”，常與介詞of搭配：accuse sb. of sth.“因某事而控告某人”。 arrest“逮捕”與介詞for搭配：arrest sb. for sth.“因某事而逮捕某 人”。據(jù)此可知本題答案為C，題意是“他被控謀殺了自己的妻 子?！?021/8/11 星期三7【例3】 He is the kind of person who stops at nothing in order to _ his own purpose. A.promote B.obtain C

7、.reach D.achieve 解題關(guān)鍵 解此題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚這四個單詞與名詞的搭配。 promote“推進(jìn)，促進(jìn)，提升”，表示使處于某一水平的人或物得 到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，不能與名詞purpose搭配使用。obtain“獲得，得 到”，多指獲得信息、知識、忠告、許可等，不能與purpose搭配。 reach“達(dá)到，達(dá)成”，在此最具迷惑性，但reach多與conclusion, decision, agreement, destination等名詞搭配，不能與purpose搭配。 achieve“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過持續(xù)努力而達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo)，常 與purpose, goal等名詞連用。據(jù)此可知本

8、題答案為D，題意是“他 是那種不達(dá)目的不罷休的人?！?2021/8/11 星期三8【例4】 Martin Luther King, the great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, was _ the Nobel Prize for peace for his contribution to world peace. A.granted B.honoured C.awarded D.rewarded 解題關(guān)鍵 解此題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚這四個單詞的用法。題意是 “偉大的黑人領(lǐng)袖馬丁路德金由于在反對種族歧視運(yùn)動

9、中為世界 和平做出了貢獻(xiàn)而被授予諾貝爾和平獎。”四個詞都可作“授予” 解，但award后可跟雙賓語，構(gòu)成award sb. sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。而reward 不能接雙賓語，多用于reward sb. with sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。grant亦可接雙 賓語，但多指授予或給予某人以權(quán)力或許可。honour不可接雙賓 語，常用于honour sb. with sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。從題意和語法結(jié)構(gòu)上來 看，此題的答案只能是C。此題用了被動語態(tài)，實(shí)際上Martin Luther King和the Nobel Prize均是award的賓語。 2021/8/11 星期三9【例5】 The rapid expansion

10、of cities during the Industrial Revolution _ a housing crisis. A.avoided B.created C.arose D.occurred 解題關(guān)鍵 解此題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚這四個單詞的詞性。Avoid 和create是及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語；arise和occur是不及物動 詞，后不可接名詞作賓語，如表達(dá)住房發(fā)生了危機(jī)，要說 housing crisis arose/occurred。據(jù)此排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)題意 “工業(yè)革命期間，城市的迅速擴(kuò)展造成了住房危機(jī)。”可知答案為 B。 2021/8/11 星期三10二、動詞詞組動詞介詞

11、/副詞短語例句answer for對負(fù)責(zé)You will answer for what youve done.ask for請求The boy asked for more food.care for喜歡；照料He doesnt care for playing e across偶然碰到I came across an old friend in the street.call up打電話I shall call her up soon.call for叫(人)He will call for you in the evening.call on號召The Party called on u

12、s to study hard.give up放棄Never give up hope.get over克服，渡過Youll soon get over your shyness.get on進(jìn)展He is getting on well with the work.get in收進(jìn)The peasants got in the wheat in May.2021/8/11 星期三11go through通過；細(xì)察She went through the book before buying it.go over復(fù)習(xí)，看一遍She went over the lessons for three

13、 times.go without放棄，沒有也行He had to go without food.head for 朝去The ship is heading for the nearest port.look up查尋；向上看He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.look through翻閱；瀏覽The boy looked through the picture book.put up掛起She put up a picture on the wall.put off推遲The match is put off owing to th

14、e rain.run over輾過去The bus ran over his legs.result from由引起His illness results from overeating.result in導(dǎo)致Overeating results in his illness.2021/8/11 星期三12set about著手干They set about the work at once.set out出發(fā)They set out at dawn.see to保證See to it that the work is done well.send for派人請We have sent for

15、 the doctor.stand for代表What does “U.S.” stand for？turn to翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向Please turn to page 10.take off脫去She asked him to take off the coat.turn out結(jié)果是The day turned out fine.turn up出現(xiàn)He didnt turn up until eleven oclock.2021/8/11 星期三13過去分詞介詞(這類短語常同連系動詞連用)短語例句be absorbed in全神貫注于He is absorbed in reading.be dr

16、essed in穿著She is dressed in red.be engaged to與訂婚Mary is engaged to John.be joined to連接，結(jié)合One pipe is joined to another.be made up of由構(gòu)成A car is made up of many different parts.be prepared for準(zhǔn)備好They are prepared for the journey.be tired of(with)對厭煩He is tired of this kind of life.2021/8/11 星期三14動詞副詞

17、介詞短語例句add up to總計(jì)為The income adds up to 1,000 dollars.break away from改掉，與脫離關(guān)系He has broken away from the bad habit.catch up with趕上I can catch up with them.get down to開始認(rèn)真做Lets get down to business.get on(along)with進(jìn)展，相處He got on well with people here.go in for參加，愛好He has gone in for the longjump.go

18、ahead with進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)下去He went ahead with the work and got it done.keep away from與脫離關(guān)系，改掉You should keep away from those bad children.2021/8/11 星期三15keep up with跟上She cant keep up with others.live up to不辜負(fù)We shall live up to his teachings.look out for提防，照看Look out for cars when crossing the street.look ba

19、ck upon回顧He likes to look back upon his school days.look down upon輕視，不重視Dont look down upon him.look forward to盼望He looks forward to seeing her.put up with忍受，容忍I just cant put up with that kind of man.run out of用完I have run out of ink.watch out for當(dāng)心，提防Watch out for thieves in the street.2021/8/11 星

20、期三16動詞介詞名詞短語例句come into use開始使用，實(shí)施The new tool came into use two years e into power當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政The king came into power last e into effect開始生效The new rule will come into effect e into being產(chǎn)生，建立The custom came into being long long ago.put sth.to use使用，利用You should put the dictionary to a good use.2021/8/11

21、 星期三17過關(guān)落實(shí)1.Does this meal cost 50? I _ something far better than this! A.preferred B.expected C.suggested D.supposed 解析：expect期望，預(yù)期。 答案：B2.Why dont you just _ your own business and leave me alone? A.make B.open C.consider D.mind 解析：mind your own business別管閑事。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三183.Emergency line op

22、erators must always _ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help. A.grow B.appear C.become D.stay 解析：stay calm保持鎮(zhèn)靜。 答案：D4.In this seaside resort，you can _ all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism. A.enjoy B.apply C.receive D.achieve 解析：enjoy sth.享受(歡樂等)。 答案：

23、A 2021/8/11 星期三195.I have _ all my papers but I still cant find my notes. A .looked through B.looked for C.looked after D.looked out 解析：look through瀏覽。 答案：A6.Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come? Sorry，I have no idea. A.lifting up B.going up C.bringing up D.growing up 解析：

24、go up表示(價格等)自然上升。 答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三207.If we can _ our present difficulties，then everything should be all right. A.come across B.get over C.come over D.get off 解析：get over difficulties克服困難，同overcome。 答案：B8.The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _ on the radio yesterday. A.turne

25、d out B.found out C.given out D.carried out 解析：give out on the radio在廣播中宣布(某事)，常指比較 重要的事。 答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三219.Would you please _ this form for me to see if Ive filled it in right? A.take off B.look after C.give up D.go over 解析：go over sth.for sb.為某人檢查(某物)。 答案：D10.“Goodbye，then，” she said，without even _ from her book. A.looking down B.looking up C.looking away D.looking on 解析：look up抬起頭來向上看。 答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三2211.Words _ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house. A.