高中英語選擇性必修一 UnitPeopleofAchievementSectionⅣ單元要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)案含解析

1、PAGE Unit 1 People of AchievementSection 單元要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí).重點(diǎn)單詞1crucial adj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的crucial factor/ issue/decision關(guān)鍵性的因素/問題/決定be crucial to/for sth.對(duì)至關(guān)重要be crucial that. 是極其重要的2vital adj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的be vital to/for sth.對(duì)極為重要的It is vital to do sth.做很重要It is vital that.是十分重要的3commit vt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于

2、；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)commit v犯(罪或錯(cuò)等)；承諾，保證commit sb./sth.to sth.將某人/事交給某處保留commit sb./oneself to sth./doing sth./to do sth.承諾(做)某事commitment n. 承諾；交托；信奉committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的committee n委員會(huì)4evaluate vt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估5distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的distinction n差別；區(qū)分；卓著6boil vt.& vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開nboiling water 沸水(即處于10

3、0的開水)boiled water 白開水(燒開過的水)7obtain vt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得viobtain advice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/應(yīng)許obtainable adj.可獲得的；可得到的8acknowledge vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝acknowledge doing sth.承認(rèn)做了某事It is universally acknowledged that.是大家公認(rèn)的acknowledge oneself beaten承認(rèn)失敗acknowledge sb.向某人打招呼，問候acknowledge sb.s letter

4、向某人表示信已收到acknowledge sb./sth.to be.承認(rèn)某人/某物是；認(rèn)為是acknowledge that承認(rèn)acknowledge sb.as.accept sb.as認(rèn)為/接受某人是/成為acknowledge sb.with sth.以感謝某人acknowledgement n承認(rèn)；感謝9defeat n失??；挫敗vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝10analyse vt.分析anslysis n分析。它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是analyses。analysable adj.可分析的；可分解的11apparently adv.顯而易見；看來；顯然apparent adj.顯而易見的；明白易懂的；顯

5、然的；表面上的12insist vi.& vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求insist on sth.堅(jiān)決要求某事；堅(jiān)持說某事insist on/upon doing sth.堅(jiān)持要做某事insist on/upon ones doing sth.堅(jiān)持要求某人做某事13conclusion n結(jié)論；推論make a conclusion下結(jié)論come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出結(jié)論in conclusion(to conclude)最后，總之(常作插入語)jump/leap to conclusions/the conclusion that.匆忙

6、下結(jié)論，貿(mào)然斷定conclude vt.& viconclude (sth.)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(with sth.,by doing sth.)以結(jié)束()concludeeq blcrc (avs4alco1(sth.from sth.,from sth.that.)(從)推斷出/斷定conclude.(to be).斷定(是)14flee vi.& vt.15circumstance nusually pl.條件；環(huán)境；狀況in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下，既然如此in/under no circumstances 決不，無論如何都不(

7、置于句首時(shí)，句子部分倒裝)16found vt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把建立在be founded on/upon sth.(be based on)建立在某基礎(chǔ)之上；建在某物之上founder n. C 創(chuàng)立者；奠基者foundation n. C，U基礎(chǔ)；建立17theory n理論；學(xué)說in theory (反 in practice) 理論上18gentle adj.溫柔的；文靜的19gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地 gradual adj.逐漸的；逐步的20consequence n結(jié)果；后果eq blc rc(avs4alco1(in consequence,as a conseq

8、uence)因此，結(jié)果(as a result)as a/in consequence ofas a result of由于take the consequences of.承擔(dān)的后果be of no/great consequence 無關(guān)緊要/非常重要consequent adj.作為結(jié)果的；隨之發(fā)生的consequently adv.結(jié)果；因此21remarkable adj.非凡的；顯著的a remarkable achievement/career/talent非凡的成就/事業(yè)/才能remark n談?wù)摚谎哉?；評(píng)述vt.& vi.談?wù)?；評(píng)論；說起make a remark/ rema

9、rks on/ about就發(fā)表意見；對(duì)評(píng)頭品足make no remark什么也不說；不加評(píng)論remark that.評(píng)論remark on/upon談?wù)?評(píng)論remarkably adv.非常；極為；格外；出乎意料地.重點(diǎn)短語1pay attention to注意give/pay attention to doing.注意catch/attract ones attention 引起某人的注意bring sth.to ones attention 使某人注意某事(物)draw/call ones attention to sth.使某人注意某事(物)fix ones attention o

10、n sth.把某人的注意力集中在某事(物)上2lead to導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)eq blc rc(avs4alco1(lead o sth.,lead sb.sth.,lead to sb.doing sth.)導(dǎo)致/造成某人做某事3with the objective of以為目的the main/primary/principle objective主要/首要/重要目標(biāo)meet/achieve your objective實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)set objectives設(shè)立目標(biāo)with the hope of懷有的希望with the purpose of懷有的目的with the a

11、im of懷有的目的with the intention of有的意向4get stuck卡?。幌萑?；被難住get lost 迷路get punished 受懲罰get divorced 離婚get washed 洗臉get separated 被分開get paid 得到報(bào)酬get dressed 穿衣服get married 結(jié)婚get engaged 訂婚get drunk 喝醉5by chance 碰巧；湊巧take a chance 冒險(xiǎn)take ones chances 碰運(yùn)氣6other than除以外rather than意為“而不是，而沒有”，側(cè)重客觀上的差別，還可以表示“與

12、其，倒不如”，前后兩端所連的詞性是一致的，側(cè)重句子主語或說話人主觀上的選擇。句中rather than前后一般應(yīng)為名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、謂語動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語，甚至分句等，有時(shí)可用介詞短語instead of替代。7change ones mind 改變主意make up ones mind下決心lose ones mind發(fā)瘋keep sth.in mind記住某事to my mind在我看來bring/call sth.to mind回想起某事never mind沒關(guān)系8care about 關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念；在意care fortake care of 照顧care to

13、do sth.愿意做某事；想要做某事take care 注意；當(dāng)心with care 當(dāng)心；仔細(xì)地9serve as充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任10manage to do設(shè)法做成manage it表示“完成；能對(duì)付得了；能應(yīng)付”，常用在交際用語中。11come to power 當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)be in power 當(dāng)權(quán)；執(zhí)政12take up開始從事；占用；花去take back收回；取回take down寫下，記下；拆散take in吸收；領(lǐng)會(huì)；欺騙take off脫下；起飛take on雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)take over接管，接任13be mistaken for被錯(cuò)認(rèn)為mistaken adj.(見解或判

14、斷上)錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的be mistaken about.對(duì)持錯(cuò)誤的見解mistake sb./sth.誤解/誤會(huì)某人/某事mistake n錯(cuò)誤make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤by mistake錯(cuò)誤地14sum up總結(jié)；概括；判斷；估量sum n金額；總和；全部in sum總而言之summary n總結(jié)；概要summarize vt.總結(jié)；概括；概述15apart from 除之外(還有)16to ones surprise 使某人驚訝的是much to ones surprise令某人十分驚訝to ones delight/joy使某人高興的是to ones disappointme

15、nt使某人失望的是to ones astonishment使某人驚訝的是17put forward提出；撥快；將提前；推薦put up with忍受，容忍put aside擱置；不理睬；儲(chǔ)蓄put away把收起來；儲(chǔ)蓄put off推遲，延期put through使經(jīng)受；接通(電話)put out熄滅；出版；生產(chǎn)put back將放回原處；推遲put together放在一起put up舉起；張貼；建造；為提供住宿；推薦；提出18in particular 尤其，特別particular adj.特別的，特殊的；講究的，挑剔的be particular about/over對(duì)挑剔/講究.重點(diǎn)

16、句型1Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is_thought_to_save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵，人們認(rèn)為青蒿素每年僅在非洲就能救十萬人。be thought to do sth.被認(rèn)為，該句型可以轉(zhuǎn)化為It is/was thought that.。本句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and i

17、t is thought that Artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.。2In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with_the_objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人

18、員。(1)這是一個(gè)由and連接而成的并列復(fù)合句。介詞短語with the objective.作第一個(gè)分句的狀語，表示目的。短語中的objective也可用aim、purpose、goal等替換。(2)第二個(gè)分句中chosen是過去分詞用作定語，修飾the first researchers。過去分詞(短語)作定語的用法：eq blcrc (avs4alco1(可表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已完成,單個(gè)過去分詞作定語時(shí)多前置，過去分詞短語作定語,時(shí)多后置,過去分詞短語作后置定語時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句)3Upon_hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,

19、 she said.當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，她說在本句中，“介詞upon動(dòng)詞ing形式”構(gòu)成介詞短語，用作時(shí)間狀語。upon還可換為介詞on，表示一件事緊接著另一件事而發(fā)生。這種用法常見于正式的文體，依據(jù)語境，可譯作“在的時(shí)候；當(dāng)時(shí)；一就”。4It_struck_him_that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what_was_happening to their fellow countrymen.令他震驚的是，照片中的其他中國(guó)人顯然并不關(guān)心他們的同胞發(fā)生了什么。(1)在本句中，It 是形

20、式主語，that從句是真正的主語。it作形式主語的常見句型：It is名詞(a fact，a good idea, a pity, a shame, no wonder)主語從句It is形容詞(necessary, clear, strange, important, wonderful) 主語從句It不及物動(dòng)詞(happens，doesnt matter，occurs to sb.)主語從句It is過去分詞(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected，believed)主語從句(2) 本句中“It struck him that”表示“他突然感到(覺得)”。

21、struck可用hit /occured to替換。(3)句中what was happening to their fellow countrymen是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作介詞about的賓語。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句有主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等，在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。5From this, he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time.由此，他得出結(jié)論，那時(shí)

22、中國(guó)的關(guān)鍵問題不是身體疾病，而是人們的精神疾病。not.but.意為“不是而是”，可用于連接并列的名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介賓短語或分句等。not.but.連接的并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要遵循“就近原則”，即謂語與 but 后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。用法類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有 either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., there be 句型等。6Why dose Dr Wang say “money_isnt_everything”？為什么王博士說“金錢不是萬能的”？not everything是一個(gè)部分否定句。表示“全體”意義的代詞、形容

23、詞或副詞，如all, both, every, everything, everyone, everywhere, always等與否定詞not連用構(gòu)成部分否定。表示完全否定意義的詞與肯定形式的謂語動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，表示完全否定。該類詞有none, neither, nothing, nobody, no等。7He made numerous contributions to the world, the_most_wellknown_being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula Emc2.他對(duì)世界做出了很多貢獻(xiàn)，最出名的

24、貢獻(xiàn)是相對(duì)論理論和著名的公式Emc2。the most wellknown being屬于“名詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，常用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨等。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式歸納：名詞/代詞 現(xiàn)在分詞(表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行)名詞/代詞 過去分詞(表示被動(dòng)或已完成)名詞/代詞 不定式(表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)名詞/代詞 形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài))8While_working_there，out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earn

25、ing a doctorate in physics in 1905.在那里工作時(shí)，出于對(duì)知識(shí)的強(qiáng)烈熱情，他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，1905年獲得物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。句中時(shí)間狀語從句While working there用了省略形式，補(bǔ)充完整為While he was working there。狀語從句的省略有兩種情況：eq blcrc (avs4alco1(若從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且從句謂語中含,有be，可省略從句中的主語和be；,若從句的主語是it，且從句謂語中含有be，it和be,可一同省略。)9Einstein, who was Jewish, found_the_doors of academ

26、ic institutions closed to him.愛因斯坦是猶太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。本句是復(fù)合句。who was Jewish是非限制性定語從句。 主句中found接復(fù)合賓語，賓語是doors，賓語補(bǔ)足語是closed。賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處使用過去分詞?！癴ind賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的具體形式：eq avs4al(find賓語,名詞或代,詞賓補(bǔ))eq blcrc (avs4alco1(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,名詞,介詞短語,形容詞,副詞)10On 18 April 1955, it_was_reported_tha

27、t Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日，據(jù)報(bào)道愛因斯坦去世了，全世界都為一位杰出的科學(xué)家的逝世而哀悼。“It is/was said/reported/believed/known/thought.thatclause”句型意為“據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/大家認(rèn)為/眾所周知/人們認(rèn)為”，此句型中it是形式主語，后面的that從句是真正的主語。以上這種句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下面的兩種句型：eq blcrc (avs4alco1(People s

28、ay/report/believe/know/think.thatclause,sb.be said/reported/believed/known/thought.,to do/have done sth.)寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥描述一位你欽佩的人請(qǐng)你根據(jù)提示，用英語寫一篇關(guān)于著名科學(xué)家錢學(xué)森的簡(jiǎn)介。錢學(xué)森，1911年生于上海，1935年赴美留學(xué)，成績(jī)優(yōu)異，受到當(dāng)時(shí)的著名科學(xué)家馮卡門(Von Karman)的贊譽(yù)；1938年在美國(guó)獲航空、數(shù)學(xué)博士學(xué)位；1950年獲悉新中國(guó)成立的消息，克服了美國(guó)政府的百般阻撓，于1955年回到祖國(guó)；從1958年起長(zhǎng)期擔(dān)任航空航天研究工作，為新中國(guó)的航天事業(yè)做出了巨大的貢

29、獻(xiàn)，被譽(yù)為“新中國(guó)航天之父”；2009年于北京去世。參考詞匯：航空航天科學(xué)技術(shù)aerospace science and technology_一、構(gòu)思謀篇1時(shí)態(tài)：過去時(shí)為主。2人稱：第三人稱。3結(jié)構(gòu)：首先介紹其基本信息；其次介紹其主要事跡；最后作出評(píng)價(jià)。二、關(guān)鍵詞語1be regarded as被認(rèn)為是2be born in生于 3go to America for further study赴美留學(xué) 4be highly thought of受到贊譽(yù) 5be devoted to全身心地投入到 6contribute a lot to做出巨大貢獻(xiàn) 7because of/as a resu

30、lt of由于 8receive the respect and admiration from受到熱愛和尊敬 三、連詞成句1錢學(xué)森被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)航天之父。Qian Xusen is regarded as the father of Chinas space program.2錢學(xué)森于1911年出生于上海。Qian Xusen was born in 1911 in Shanghai.31935年赴美留學(xué)，成績(jī)優(yōu)異，受到當(dāng)時(shí)的著名科學(xué)家馮卡門(Von Karman)的贊譽(yù)。In 1935, Qian went to America for further study and was highl

31、y thought of by Von Karman because of his great achievements.41950年獲悉新中國(guó)成立的消息，并于1955年成功回到祖國(guó)。In 1950, he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in returning to his homeland in 1955.5由于他對(duì)祖國(guó)的熱愛以及所做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，錢學(xué)森受到了人們的熱愛和尊敬。Because of the love for his country and the great achievements, he has received the respect and admiration from people.6用過去分詞作狀語合并句1和句2。Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of Chinas space program, was born in 1911 in Shanghai.四、連句成篇Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of Chinas