2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試-英語試題(全國乙卷)解析版

1、20/20河南省2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

2、聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：How much is the shirt？19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是A。1. What does the man want to do?A. Have breakfast.B. Take a walk.C. Call his office.2. What was George doing last night?A. Having a meeting.B. Flying home.C. Working on a project.3. Why does the man suggest go

3、ing to the park?A. Its big.B. Its quiet.C. Its new.4. How does the woman sound?A. Annoyed.B. Pleased.C. Puzzled.5. Where is the mans table?A. Near the door.B. By the window.C. In the corner.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題

4、將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6. What are the speakers going to do tonight?A. Eat out.B. Go shopping.C. Do sports.7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Boss and secretary.B. Hostess and guest.C. Husband and wife.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8. Why does the woman think July is the be

5、st time to move?A. Their business is slow.B. The weather is favorable.C. Its easy to hire people.9. How will they handle the moving?A. Finish it all at once.B. Have the sales section go first.C. Do one department at a time.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10. What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A. How to appr

6、eciate art works.B. How to deal with artists.C. How to run a museum.11. What did Peter do in Chicago?A. He studied at a college.B. He served in the army.C. He worked in a gallery.12. Whose works did Peter like best?A. Rembrandts.B. Botticellis.C. Rubens.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13. Where does the conversati

7、on take place?A. At a library.B. In a law firm.C. On a train.14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A. March.B. August.C. October15. Why did John quit his part-time job?A. He had to catch up with his study.B. He was offered a better one.C. He got tired of it.16. What is Susans attit

8、ude to Johns problem?A. Carefree.B. Understanding.C. Forgiving.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.A fitness coach.B.A chess player.C.A marathon runner.18. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A. He was motivated by Bolt.B. He broke a world record.C. H

9、e won fifth place.19. Which is the hardest for the speaker?A. Getting over an injury.B. Doing strength training.C. Representing Botswana.20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?A. His plan to go for the gold.B. His experience on the track.C. His love for his home country.【答案】 15 BCBAC 610 ACACA

10、 1115 ACCBA 1620 BBCAB第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHenry Raeburn (1756-1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collect

11、ions throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像畫) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to Raeb

12、urnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburns English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct., 13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburns PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artists Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMo

13、nday-Saturday 10.00-17.45Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. The is no re-admission.Closed: 24-26 December and 1 JanuaryAdmission4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available

14、to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.21. What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A. Sun. 26 Oct.B. Thurs.30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov.D. Thurs. 13 Nov.22. How much would a couple with two children un

15、der 12 pay for admission?A. 4.B. 8.C. 12.D. 16.23. How can full-time students get group discounts?A. They should go on Sunday mornings.B. They should come from art schools.C. They must be led by teachers.D. They must have ID cards with them.【答案】2123 BBC【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了蘇格蘭畫家畫展的一些情況。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lecture

16、 Series小標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容“Raeburns English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10”可知，答案為B。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission小標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容“4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知，一個成年人帶著一個12歲以下的孩子是免費(fèi)的，而題目中是一對夫婦帶著一個孩子，因此多出來的成人需要付8，故選B。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話“A special low entrance charge of 2 per person

17、is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.”可知，如果老師組團(tuán)帶學(xué)生一起，可獲得相應(yīng)折扣，故選C。BIn 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y. Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood traveled to a settlement in the R

18、ocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The

19、Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harris

20、ons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens b

21、ook, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamon

22、d and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (堅(jiān)忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a

23、 rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A. To teach in a school.B. To study American history.C. To write a book.

24、D. To do sightseeing.25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect.B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.26. Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn.B. The

25、living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies.D. The natural beauty of the West.27. What is the text?A. A news report.B. A book review.C. A childrens story.D. A diary entry.【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B【解析】本文為說明文，介紹了Dorothy Wickenden寫了一本關(guān)于自己的（外）祖母Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underw

26、ood年輕時去貧困山區(qū)支教的書，作者簡單介紹了這本書的情節(jié)并對這本書加以贊許。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.”可知，這兩位富家女孩去到落基山脈是為了在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰鶎W(xué)校教書，故選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt w

27、hen they woke up in the morning”可知，這兩個女孩在支教時受了不少苦，故選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”可知，Wickenden書中最令人毛骨悚然的部分是關(guān)于在落基山脈修建鐵路的部分，故選C。文章來源題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“Nothing Daunted: The Unexp

28、ected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden”，第四段的開頭“In Wickendens book”和最后一段的開頭“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可知，整篇文章都在圍繞Wickenden這本書展開敘述，所以是一篇書評，故選B。CCan a small group of drones (無人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help rail

29、way operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examin

30、e high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-t

31、ime performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a ye

32、ar on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services fo

33、r railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, an

34、d programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application

35、of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas.29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.

36、B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitable title

37、for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】28. A29. C 30. A 31. D【解析】本文為說明文，從多方面介紹了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句中的“Drones are already being used

38、to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure.”可知，無人機(jī)在已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。它們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵軌和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，所以是無人機(jī)在檢查電線的使用使得無人機(jī)成為在鐵軌上的應(yīng)用成為可能，故選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后一句中的“.20 billion euros a year on maintenance,

39、including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，僅歐洲鐵路公司一年就在鐵路維護(hù)上花費(fèi)了大約200億歐元，包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，所以無人機(jī)在鐵軌的使用能大大降低維修成本，故選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句“Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like

40、a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.”可知，配備了先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的小型無人機(jī)可以像副駕駛員實(shí)時監(jiān)測，并發(fā)出問題的信號，所以鐵軌無人機(jī)的作用是提供早期預(yù)警。故選A。標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，文章從降低鐵軌維修成本，協(xié)助員工危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)以及提供預(yù)警等方面介紹了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來，故選D。DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drin

41、ks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖).

42、 It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than h

43、alf this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 mil

44、lion fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar

45、 brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Todays figures, according to one

46、 government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (設(shè)施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 32. Why

47、 was the sugar tax introduced? A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks. C. To protect childrens health. D. To encourage research in education. 33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of the

48、ir products. C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products sugar content. 34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke. 35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax

49、policy? A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story. C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers. 【答案】32. C33. D34. D35. B【解析】本文是一篇說明文，講述政府通過征收飲料糖稅來控制兒童的攝糖量從而幫助減少肥胖，并且達(dá)到了很好的效果。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“the tax.was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity”可知，糖稅政策被引進(jìn)的作用是為減少兒童肥胖，即C項(xiàng)“

50、保護(hù)兒童健康”符合題意，故選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知一些飲料公司減少了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來應(yīng)對糖稅，故選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the su

51、gar tax”以及第五段第二句中的“Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax”可知，Classic Coca Cola需要繳納糖稅，故選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句中的“Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having”可知，糖稅政策有積極的影響，故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，

52、從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (聯(lián)系) and share with one another. With bus

53、y schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 . More isnt always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such

54、as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. Practise empathy (共情) 38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.

55、39 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other important dates will make sure no

56、thing slips by you. Dont rely on technology alone 40 , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important datesB. Comp

57、ensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the f

58、riend who left or the one who was left behind【答案】36. D37. E38. G39. A40. F【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾個保持長久友誼的方式。根據(jù)該空所在小標(biāo)題“Set a regular date”即設(shè)定一個定期的時間，以及該空前面講到在忙碌的生活中，擠出時間來打電話是很難的，所以該空應(yīng)該是要解決這個問題，即D項(xiàng)“嘗試找到一個適合你們倆的時間并堅(jiān)持下去”符合語境，故選D。根據(jù)該空前面“what method works best for you both”以及后面“There are alternatives to constan

59、t written communication.”可知該空處需講到關(guān)鍵詞methods，E項(xiàng)中的methods跟前面的復(fù)現(xiàn)，且呼應(yīng)后面講到的“constant written communication.等各種方式，故選E。根據(jù)該空小標(biāo)題“Practise empathy”可知這段的建議是讓我們訓(xùn)練共情能力，且該段講到朋友離開或是留下兩種情況，G項(xiàng)中的“who left or the one who was left behind”與之對應(yīng)，而C項(xiàng)“成為一個友誼守護(hù)者也是有幫助的”不符合該段主旨內(nèi)容，故選G。根據(jù)該空所在位置為小標(biāo)題可知這里需要祈使句，那么鎖定選項(xiàng)A以及B，再根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容主要講

60、述長久的友誼中一些儀式感比如周年、生日等很重要，A項(xiàng)中的“important dates”對應(yīng)那些節(jié)日，B項(xiàng)與該段主旨不符，故選A。根據(jù)該空所在小標(biāo)題“Dont rely on technology alone”可知此段建議是不要只依賴于科技，且其后講到但是長久的友誼甚至是親密的關(guān)系也需要有意識的努力去維持。F項(xiàng)“雖然通過社交媒體能夠輕易讓我們有一些聯(lián)系感”跟后面“but”連接的句子邏輯通順，且句中的“social media”跟小標(biāo)題中的“technology”相對應(yīng)，故選F。第三部分 語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各