16-20經(jīng)濟法英語突破班講義

1、Lecture Six: Negotiable Instruments Law&Contract第六講 票據(jù)法與合同法LawContract Law/合同法.Basic words &phrases（基礎(chǔ)詞匯與短語） obligee 債權(quán)人obligor人offer 要約acceptance 承諾an inviion to offer 要約邀請withdraw 撤回revoke 撤銷es effective 生效standard terms 格式條款rson with limited civil capacity 限制民事行為能力人a sutory represenive 法定人A bona

2、fide countart 善意相對人rson having no right to dis properties 無權(quán)處分al of property dises ofothersonsthe principle of good faith 誠實信用原則subject matter 標(biāo)的ty 數(shù)量quality 質(zhì)量price or remuneration 價款或者time, place and method of performance 履行期限、地點和方式subrogation 代位權(quán) modify 合同變更 assign 合同轉(zhuǎn)讓 terminate 合同終止performance

3、of obligations 履行合同rescind 合同解除offset against each other 抵銷deit the object 提存exempt 免除liability for breach of contract 違約責(zé)任paying rights/de.a deit 定金it to the other party as the guaranty forthecreditorsof Contract 訂立合同1.establishment of the contract/合同成立(the offeree accept the offer)（1）offer 要約An of

4、fer效。(Art. 16）es effective when it reaches the offeree.要約到達受要約人時生An offer may be withdrawn. The notice of withdrawal shall reach the offereebefore or at the same time as the offer. 要約可以撤回。撤回要約到達受要約人之前或者與要約同時到達受要約人。(Art. 17）應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約An offer may be revoked. The notice of revocation shall reach the offere

5、e beforeis dispatched a notice of acceptance. 要約可以撤銷。撤銷要約應(yīng)當(dāng)在受要約人發(fā)出承諾通知之前到達受要約人。(Art. 18）An offer may not be revoked: (1) if it expressly indicates, whether by s ing a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, t it is irrevocable;(2)if the offeree has reason to regard the offer as irrevocable, and has

6、undertaken preparation for performance. 有下列情形之一的，要約不得撤銷：（一）要約人確定了承諾期限或者以其他形式明示要約不可撤銷；（二）受要約人有理由認(rèn)為要約是不可撤銷的，并已經(jīng)為履行合同作了準(zhǔn)備工作。(Art. 19）（2）acceptance 承諾An acceptancees effective when its notice reaches the offeror.承諾通知到達要約人時生效。(Art. 26）The contents of an acceptanhall comply with those of the offer. If the

7、offeree substantially modifies the contents of the offer, it shall constitute a newoffer. The modification relating to the subject matter, quality,ty, priceor remuneration, time or place or method of performance, liabilities for breach of contract and method of dispute resolution, etc. shall constit

8、ute the substantial modification of an offer.承諾的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)與要約的內(nèi)容一致。受要約人對要約的內(nèi)容作出實質(zhì)性變更的，為新要約。有關(guān)合同標(biāo)的、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、價款或者、履行期限、履行地點和方式、違約責(zé)任和解決爭議方法等的變更，是對要約內(nèi)容的實質(zhì)性變更。(Art.30）Where a contract is to be concluded in written form as required by relevant laws and administrative regulations or as agreed by the parties, and th

9、e parties failed to conclude the contract in written form, but one party has performed theprincipal obligation and the otharty has accepted it, the contract is established.法律、行政規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定采面形式訂立合同，當(dāng)事人未采面形式但一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對方接受的，該合同成立。(Art. 36）（3）culpa in contrahendo 締約過失責(zé)任The party shall be liable for dama

10、ges if it is under one of the followingcircumstanin concluding a contract and thus causing losses to the otharty:當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過程中有下列情形之一，給對方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任：disguising and pretending to conclude a contract, and negotiating in bad faith;假借訂立合同，進行磋商；concealing deliberay the important facts relating to theo

11、f thecontract or providing delibera要事實或者提供虛假情況；y false information;故意隱瞞與訂立合同有關(guān)的重performing other acts which violate the principle of good faith.有其他違背誠實信用原則的行為。(Art. 42）2.Validity of Contracts 合同的效力(1)valid contracts 有效合同The contract established according to lawes effective upon itsestablishment.依法成立

12、的合同，自成立時生效。With regard to contractst are subject to approval or registration asstipulated by relevant laws or administrative regulations, the provis thereofshall be followed.法律、行政規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理批準(zhǔn)、登記等手續(xù)生效的，依照其規(guī)定。(Art. 44）(2)null and void contracts 無效合同A contract shall be null and void under any of the follow

13、ing circumstan:有下列情形之一的，合同無效：A contract is concluded through the use of fraud or coercion by one party todamage theerests of the Se;一方以、脅迫段訂立合同，損害國家利益；Malicious colluis conducted to damage theerests of the Se, acollective or a third party;An illegitimate pur以合法形式掩蓋目的；Damaging the public串通，損害國家、集體或者第

14、三人利益；is concealed under the guise of legitimate acts;eerests;損害社會公共利益； Violating the compulsory provis of the laws and administrativeregulations.法律、行政的強制性規(guī)定。(Art. 52)The following immunity clauses in a contract shall be null and void:合同中的下列免責(zé)條款無效：thosethoset causeal injury to the otharty;造成對方人身的；t c

15、ause property damages to the otharty as a result of deliberate損失的。(Art. 53）entross fault.因故意或者過失造成對方(3)revocable contracts 可撤銷合同A party shall have the right to request the peoples court or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke the following contracts:下列合同，當(dāng)事人一請求或者仲裁機構(gòu)變更或者撤銷：those concluded

16、as a result of serious misunderstanding;因誤解訂立的；thoset are obviously unfair at the time when concluding the contract.在訂立合同時顯失公平的。If a contract is concluded by one party against the othartys trueentionsthrough the use of fraud, coercion or exploiion of the othartys unfavorableition, the injured party

17、shall have the right to request the peoples court oran arbitration institution to modify or revoke it.一方以、脅迫段或者乘人之危，使對方在違背真實意思的情況下訂立的合同，或者仲裁機構(gòu)變更或者撤銷。受損害請求Where a party requests for modification, the peoples court or the arbitrationinstitution may not revoke the contract.當(dāng)事人請求變更的，得撤銷。(4)standard term

18、s 格式條款或者仲裁機構(gòu)不Where standard terms are adopted in concluding a contract, the party supplyingthe standard terms shall define the rights and obligations betn the partiesabiding by the principle oirness, and shall inform the otharty to note theexcluor restriction of its liabilities in a reasonable way,

19、and shall explainthe standard terms upon request by the otharty.采用格式條款訂立合同的，提供格式條款的一方應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，并采取合理的方式提請對方注意免除或者限制其責(zé)任的條款，按照對方的要求，對該條款予以說明。(Art. 36）When standard terms are under the circumstanstipulated in Articles 52 and53 of this Law,or the party whichs the standard terms exempts itsel

20、f fromits liabilities, increases the liabilities of the otharty, and deprives thematerial rights of the otharty, the terms shall be invalid.格式條款具有本法第五十二條和第五十三條規(guī)定情形的，或者提供格式條款一方免除其責(zé)任、加重對方責(zé)任、排除對方主利的，該條款無效。(Art. 40）If a dispute over the understanding of the standard terms occurs, it shall bereted in acc

21、ordance with common understanding. Where there are two or morekinds ofreion, anreion unfavorable to the party supplying the Where the standard terms are inconsistent withshall prevail.對格式條款的理解發(fā)生爭議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按standard terms shall prevail.non-standard terms, the latter照通常理解予以解釋。對格式條款有兩種以上解釋的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出不利于提供格式條款一方的

22、解釋。格式條款和非格式條款不一致的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用非格式條款。(Art. 41）.Performance of Contracts 合同的履行Each party shall fully perform its own obligations as agreed upon.當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定全面履行自己的義務(wù)。(Art. 60）Right to defense 抗辯權(quán)If both parties have obligations towards each other and there is no order of priority in respect of the performance of

23、 obligations, the parties shall performthe obligations simultaneously. One party has the right to reject the othrequest for performance before the othartys performance.artysOne party has the right to reject the othartys corresponding request forperformance if the othartys performance does not meet t

24、he terms of the contract.當(dāng)事人互負(fù)，沒有先后履行順序的，應(yīng)當(dāng)同時履行。一方在對方履行之前其履行要求。一方在對方履行不符合約定時，其相應(yīng)的履行要求。(Art. 66）Where both parties have obligations towards each other and there has been anorder of priority in respect of the performance, and the party which shall renderits performanceits performance lahas not rendere

25、d the performance, the party whiay rendery has the right to reject the other partys request forperformance. Where the party which shall render its performanceterms of a contract while fulfilling the obligations, the party whiviolates theay renderits performance lay has the right to reject the othart

26、ys correspondingrequest for performance.當(dāng)事人互負(fù)，有先后履行順序，先履行一方未履行的，后履行一其履行要求。先履行一方履行不符合約定的，后履行一其相應(yīng)的履行要求。(Art. 67）One party, which shall render its performance, may suspend its performance,if is conclusive evidencet the otharty is under any of the followingcircumstan:應(yīng)當(dāng)先履行止履行：的當(dāng)事人，有確切證明對方有下列情形之一的，可以中(1) Its business conditions are seriously deteriorating;經(jīng)營狀況嚴(yán)重；(2) It moves away its property and takes out its capital secretly to evade debt