高中英語語法詞性動詞PPT

1、關(guān)于高中英語語法詞性動詞第一張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月英語語法詞性詳解二動詞二、動詞的分類(1)(3)(2)一、動詞的定義三、動詞的時態(tài)四、非謂語動詞五、被動語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時2.一般過去時3.一般將來時4.現(xiàn)在進行時5.過去進行時6.現(xiàn)在完成時7.過去完成時8.過去將來時六、動詞的基本形式第二張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月類別特點意義舉例實義動詞 (vt. vi.)及物動詞跟賓語須跟賓語一起才能表達完整的意思I have a book.不及物動詞不能直接接賓語能獨立作謂語She always comes late.系動詞(link-v)跟表語不能獨立做謂語，跟表語

2、構(gòu)成完整意思I am a student.助動詞(aux. v.)跟動詞原形或分詞（無詞匯意義）不能獨立做謂語，跟主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問，否定及各種時態(tài)He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情態(tài)動詞 (mod. v.) 跟動詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）不能獨立做謂語。表示說話人語氣、情態(tài)，無人稱和數(shù)的變化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.一、按詞義和句中的作用，動詞可以分為四類返回第三張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、短語動詞構(gòu)成方式舉例動詞+介詞Look at, look a

3、fter動詞+副詞Give up, put into動詞+副詞+介詞Catch up with, look down upon動詞+名詞+介詞Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容詞+介詞Be proud of, be afraid of 復雜結(jié)構(gòu)Make up ones mind：由一些動詞和其它詞構(gòu)成短語，表達一個完整的意思。其構(gòu)成方式如下返回第四張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、按動詞的形式可以分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞形 式意 義舉 例人稱與主語在人稱一致I am reading now. 第一人稱數(shù)與主語在數(shù)上一致He writes wel

4、l. 第三人稱單數(shù)時態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生的時間He wrote a letter to me last month. 過去時態(tài)語態(tài)主語是動作的發(fā)生者或者承受者We study English.主動The road was filled with rubbish. 被動語氣說話人表達事實、要求、愿望等He has flown to America. 事實I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望1、謂語動詞(如下)2、非謂語動詞返回第五張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2、非謂語動詞形式意義用途舉例不定式起形容詞和名詞作用可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、

5、狀語It takes me 20 minutes to go to school動名詞起名詞作用作主語和賓語She likes reading.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表主動作表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語The cup is broken過去分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表被動The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.第六張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.一般現(xiàn)在時（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)（2）表示主語現(xiàn)在的性格、特征、能力（3）表示客觀事實或普遍用法（4）用于狀語從句代替一般將來時eg.Weoftenwriteto

6、eachother. 我們時常相互通信。 常與always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek，yearly每年，monthly每月， 等時間狀語或頻率副詞連用。 eg.He works hard.他努力工作eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.You will succeed if you try .I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday. 常與連詞：when , as soon as

7、 , before , after , until , if 如果，等引導的時間狀語或條件狀語從句練習返回第七張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.一般過去時(1).表示過去某一時間點發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài). e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?(2).表示過去某一時間里反復出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài). e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played foot

8、ball nearly every day.(3).表示主語過去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English. (4).一般過去時往往和明確的過去時間狀語連用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引導的狀語從句連用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, work

9、ed 15 hours for the landlord a day.(5).一般過去時可與today, this week, this month等時間狀語連用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.練習返回第八張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般過去時的練習1. I saw him this morning.（改為否定句、疑問句并做回答）2. He came late three times this week.（同上）3. Jim came late three times this week.(分別

10、對a,b,c,d提問) a b c d4. AI_(be) 12 last year. B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night? No, he_(be not). C. What _he_(do) yesterday? He_(draw)some pictures in the park.5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk just now.B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用 yesterday替換 now) _ _some children in the

11、aquarium yesterday.C. There were some buildings here in the past. (改為一般疑問句) _ _ _ buildings here in the past?返回第九張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.一般將來時a.will / shall +動詞原形(備：在口語中，shall和will?？s寫成ll，緊接在主語之后。其否定式shall not和will not的簡略式分別為shant和wont)(1)構(gòu)成b. be going to + 動詞原形c. be + 動詞-ing形式（動詞-ing形式通常是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如a

12、rrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）d.be + 動詞不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m. 你必須在上午10點前回來。表示按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事 ）(2)用法表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示將要反復發(fā)生的動作 (3)常用結(jié)構(gòu)用于祈使句 + and + 陳術(shù)句中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed. 與表示時間或條件的狀語從句連用。If you ask him, he will help you. 用于I expect, Im sure, I th

13、ink, I wonder + 賓語從句中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.返回練習第十張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.現(xiàn)在進行時(1)意義：a.表示說話的此刻正在進行的動作。 常與now,the moment等連用。(2)構(gòu)成：主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞(v.+ing)練習返回例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom. b.表示現(xiàn)在時間段中正在進行的動作。 例:They are planting trees on the hill these day

14、s.c.表示一種重復的動作，帶有“厭惡”、“贊嘆”等感情色彩。 例:My brother is always leaving things about. 注:現(xiàn)在進行時往往與always連用，給現(xiàn)在的動作披上一層感情色彩。第十一張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在進行時的練習1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.2.Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office. 3. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.4._he_(clean) th

15、e classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.7.The birds are singing in the tree.(就劃線部分提問).8.The children are playing games near the house.(就劃線部分提問)9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句) 返回

16、第十二張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.過去進行時(1)意義：（2）構(gòu)成：主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞1表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。如：What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 2表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作。 如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他們在建一個大壩。 3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。如： They wanted to know when we were leaving

17、 for Shanghai. 返回練習第十三張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.現(xiàn)在完成時（1）意義：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也可表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。（2）結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞（3）四大標志詞： * 以already, just和yet為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生 * 以ever和never為標志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過 * 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so

18、 far為標志：表示到目前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生（4）注：a.*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換常見的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介詞短語, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。 b. * 時間“點”、“段”須分清 for+時間段 since+過去某一時刻返回練習第十四張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時的練習A)選用have, has填空:1.

19、I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改寫下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)C) 單項選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two y

20、ears. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached返回第十五張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7.過去完成時(1)概念:過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況，即：過去的過去。如: W

21、hen we got there, the football match had already started. 當我們趕到時，足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了。(2)構(gòu)成:肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他 否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞+其他 疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他(3)用法: A.表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作，表示對這一過去時間造成的結(jié)果或影響。常用以下幾種方式： (1) 用by，before等構(gòu)成的介詞短語。 eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用when, before

22、, after等引導的時間狀語從句。 eg:The train had started before we got to the station. B. 過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發(fā)生開始的動作持續(xù)到這一過去的時間。常與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.返回練習第十六張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月8.過去將來時（1）意義：表示以過去的某時來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常用在賓語從句中.（2）構(gòu)成：主語+would/sh

23、ould+動詞原形 主語+was/were+going to +動詞原形 例:I didnt know if she would come. I wasnt sure whether he would do it . I didnt know if she was going to come. Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.返回練習第十七張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. We often_(play) in the playgound.2. He _(get) up at six o

24、clock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What(do) he usually (do) after school?5. Danny (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. H

25、ow many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?返回一般現(xiàn)在時的練習（1）下一頁第十八張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般現(xiàn)在時的練習（2）9. My dog runs fast. （改為否定句、一般疑問句） 10. Mike has two letters for him. （改為否定句、一般疑問句） 11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.（改為否定句、一般疑問句并對劃線部分提問）12. S

26、u Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.（同上）13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day （同上）14. Tom does his homework at home. （同上）返回上一頁第十九張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月英語動詞的五種基本形式及變化規(guī)則1 英語動詞有五種基本形式。它們是動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時（簡稱單三）、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。這五種形式和助動詞一起構(gòu)成英語的各種時態(tài)和語態(tài)等。原形第三人稱單數(shù)過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞workworksworked

27、workedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing例：1、單三形式變化規(guī)則（1）一般動詞在詞尾加- s, 在清輔音后讀 /s / ,在濁輔音或元音后讀 / z / ;在t后讀/ ts /, 在d后讀 / dz /。例如：help helps ，swim swims （2）以字母s, x, ch , sh 結(jié)尾的動詞加- es, 讀/ iz/ , 在d后讀/ dz/.以o結(jié)尾的動詞也加es，讀/ z /。例如：guess guesses，teach teaches，go goes（3）以

28、輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，再加-es，讀/ z /。例如：fly flies carry carries 注： be is have has 下一頁返回第二十張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 動詞- ing形式的構(gòu)成：（1） 一般在動詞末尾加-ing. 例如:go going，ask asking（2）以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加-ing. 例如:write writing，close closing，take taking（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，應先雙寫這一字母，再加-ing. 例如：get getting，sit sitt

29、ing，put putting，run running，begin beginning 3. 規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成（1）一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed.結(jié)尾是e 的動詞直接加-d.例如:look looked，play played，live lived，hope hoped（2）末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed. 例如：stop stopped，plan planned，trip tripped （3）結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞，先變“y”為“i”再加-ed. 例如:study studied，carry carried 下一頁返回上一頁2第二十一張，PPT共

30、三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（4）詞尾-ed的讀音i. 在濁輔音和元音后面讀為/ d / .例如:called，moved ii 在濁輔音后面讀為/ t / . 例如：finished ,helped iii 在/ t / , / d /音后面讀為/ id / . 例如：wanted ,shouted(5)不規(guī)則動詞過去式 常見的不規(guī)則動詞的過去式有:am/is was,are were,go went,have had,do did,get got,come came,say said,see sawput put,eat ate,take took等 詳見課本后附錄并熟記！補： Ther

31、e be 結(jié)構(gòu)“There is /are +某物 / 某人 +某地 / 某時”這樣一種句型.句子中的is /are 和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)的方面必須一致。（1）肯定句There is (Theres) a train in the picture.（2）否定句There is not (isnt) a picture on the wall .There are not (arent) any birds in the tree .（3）疑問句和簡略答語Is there a girl under the tree? Yes ,there is . /No ,there is not(isnt)

32、. Are there any glasses on the table ? Yes, there are. / No, there are not （arent）How many days are there in a week?There are seven.返回上一頁3第二十二張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月過去時的練習(1)1. -Where is Jim?-He _ to the shop. Hell be back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go2. I dont think I _ you in that

33、 dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see3. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left4. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?- _ you _ your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished5. -I d

34、ont know if his uncle_.-I think he_if it doesnt rain.A. will come; comes B. will come; will comeC. comes; will come D. comes; comes6. -Excuse me, look at the sign: NO PHOTOS!-Sorry, I_it.A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see下一頁第二十三張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. I think you were in a hurry. Yo

35、u_your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. Wore C. were wearing D. are wearing8. The traffic in our city is already bad and it_even worse.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting9. -Has Jack finished his homework yet?-I have no idea. He_ it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did

36、10. -Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you. -Never mind, _ it myself tonight. A. Im going to post B. Ive decided to post C. Ill post D. Id rather postKey: 1-5 CAADB6-10 BDDAC 過去時的練習(2)下一頁第二十四張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Practice(1) 1. His father _ ( took , was taking ) a walk in the street when I met h

37、im . 2. The glass _ (dropped , was dropping ) to the ground and broke into pieces . 3. Jack told me he _ ( came , would come ) back next month. 4. Kate _ (cleaned , was cleaning ) the windows the day before yesterday . 5. I knew she _ ( was going , had been ) to Shanghai twice . 6. Who _ ( sang , wa

38、s singing ) at ten last night ? 7. I _ (talked , was talking ) with Mrs. Green at this time yesterday . 8. The two students _ ( fought , was fighting ) when the teacher walked into the room . 下一頁第二十五張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Practice(2)用動詞的適當形式完成句子。 1. I _ (get )two postcards from her last week . 2. They

39、 _ not _ ( stay ) there long because it was late . 3. Who _ (live ) in that room last week ? 4. Yesterday I _ ( see ) him in the street . 5. _ ( be ) he a driver three years ago ? 6. He said he _ ( go ) to New York next month . 7. I _ ( do )my homework when my mother came back . 8. The students _ (

40、be )not in the classroom at that time . 9. _ he _ ( play )basketball with his son yesterday afternoon? 10. I _ ( wash ) my sport shoes just then . 下一頁第二十六張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 根據(jù)中文意思，用下列英文提示詞語造句。 1. 該是學習數(shù)學的時間了。 study maths 2. 這棵樹和那棵樹一樣高。 this tree , is , tall , that one 3. 靠我一個人來移動這樣床對我來說是很困難的。 diff

41、icult , me , move , bed 4. 這張床如此重以至于我移不動它。 the bed , is , heavy , I cant move , it 5. 昨天洗運動鞋花了我半小時的時間。 me , half an hour , wash , my sport shoes , yesterday 1. Its time to study maths. 2. This tree is as tall as that one . 3. It is difficult for me to move the bed by myself. 4. The bed is so heavy t

42、hat I cant move it . 5. It took me half an hour to wash my sport shoes yesterday . Practice(3)返回第二十七張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般將來時的練習(1)( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working

43、 B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _

44、free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be下一頁返回第二十八張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般將來時的練習(2)( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7.

45、 Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be

46、D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have下一頁返回第二十九張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般將來時的練習(3)( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is going to giving( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has

47、written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.下一頁返回第三十張，PPT共三十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般將來時的練習(4)( ) 16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go( ) 17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B.