神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件

1、神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件1 external morphology and lobes1 external morphology and lobe1) Left and right cerebral hemispheres are almost completely separated by the longitudinal cerebral fissure. The transverse cerebral fissure lies between the hemispheres and cerebellum.1) Left and right ce

2、rebral hem2) 3 sulcus divided the hemispheres into the 5 lobes.3 sulcus are the lateral sulcus, central sulcus and parietooccipital sulcus. 5 lobes are frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe and the insula.神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件Frontal lobePrecentral sulcusPrecentral

3、gyrussuperior, middle, inferior frontal gyrus Parietal lobePostcentral sulcusPostcentral gyrusIntraparietal sulcus: superior & inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus & angular gyrus )3) Important sulcus and gyrus on each lobe頂內(nèi)溝緣上回角回Frontal lobe3) Important sulcuTemporal lobe Superior, middle

4、, inferior temporal gyrus Transverse temporal gyrus Superior temporal sulcusInferior temporal sulcusTemporal lobeSuperior temporalOccipital Cuneus 楔葉Lingual gyrus 舌回Cortexes of both calcarrins sulcusTemporal lobeParahippocampal gyrusUncus 鉤Paracentral lobuleCalcarrinssulcusCorpus callosumOccipital T

5、emporal lobeParacenLimbic lobe is a part of the limbic system.Cingulate gyrus扣帶回Hippocampus gyrus海馬回 Uncus Hippocampus海馬Mammillary bodiesAmygdala杏仁核Olfactory bulb嗅球Septum 隔區(qū)Fornix穹窿Epithalamus ,hypothalamusLimbic lobe & Limbic system邊緣葉邊緣系統(tǒng)Limbic lobe is a part of the lFunctions of the limbic system

6、 concerned with Reflex of the olfactory 嗅覺反射Visceral action 內(nèi)臟活動Morale action 情緒活動Memory 記憶.Functions of the limbic systemfunction of cortex of the hemispherefunction of cortex of the hemPrimary somatic motor cortex (area) 1. The precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule is somatom

7、otor area, and control contralateral movements (opposite)Primary somatic motor cortex 2. Character: *The projection of the body is inverted. But, the head and face is not inverted. 倒置投影,頭面正位*The surface area of the projection area of the parts of body is adaptability with flexibility of muscular mov

8、ement. 投影區(qū)面積與肌的靈活性成正變關(guān)系*The motor area of one side generally supplies opposite muscles of the body.一般交叉性管理*The motor area gives off pyramidal tract. The lower one third of the precentral gyrus gives off the corticonuclear tract. The corticospinal tract arises from the upper two thirds of precentral

9、gyrus and anterior part of the paracentral lobule.*The symptom after damaging the area is hard paralysis of opposite side muscles of the limbs, parts of facial muscles and lingual muscles.2. Character: Primary somatic sensory cortex The postcentral gyrus (+posterior portion of paracentral lobule) is

10、 somatosensory area, which receives impulses from contralateral somatic sensory organs.-thalamocortic tractPrimary somatic sensory corteCharacter: *The projection of the body is inverted .But the head and face is not inverted. The genual part is on the superior border of the hemisphere. The leg is o

11、n the posterior part of the paracentral lobule. 倒置投影, 頭面正位, 膝在上緣，小腿在旁中央小葉后部*The surface of the projecting area of the parts of body is adaptability with sensory susceptibility on body. 投影區(qū)面積與感覺的敏感性成正變關(guān)系*The general sensory area of one side generally supplies superficial and deep senses of the contra

12、lateral half of the body and limbs. 交叉管理*The general sensory area receives thalamocortical tract. The lower 1/3 of the postcentral gyrus supplies head-face; upper 2/3 represented the body and upper limb, and the posterior part of the paracentral lobule represents the lower limb. (contralateral)The s

13、ymptom after damaging the area is impairment 丟失、損傷 of general sensation on the opposite side of the body.Character: special somatic sensory cortex(area)Auditory area: transverse temporal gyrus The auditory cortex in each hemisphere receives impulses from both side of the hearing.Visual area: Both ba

14、nks cortex of calcarine sulcus The visual cortex in each hemisphere receives impulses from the temporal half of ipsolateral retina and the nasal half of the contralateral retina 視網(wǎng)膜.special somatic sensory cortex神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件Speech area: motor speech: talkwriting center: writeau

15、ditory speech: hearvisual speech: readOn the superiority (left) cerebral hemisphere 優(yōu)勢半球Speech area: Language areas on the left hemispheres(1)Auditory language area (supramarginal gyrus )(2)Visual language area( angular gyrus )(3)Motor language area( Brocas area-posterior part of inferior frontal gy

16、rus)(4)Writing language area on the posterior part of middle frontal GLanguage areas on the left h神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件Internal structures Basal ganglia Lateral ventricle White matter Internal structures Basal gangBasal Ganglia Components of the extrapyramidal system caudate nucleus 尾狀核lentiform nucleus

17、 豆?fàn)詈薬mygdaloid body 杏仁核claustrum 屏狀核Putamen 殼Globus pallidus蒼白球neostriatumpalaeostriatum新紋狀體舊紋狀體Basal Ganglia Components of thRelationship of basal ganglia Relationship of basal ganglia Functions of Basal NucleiInfluence muscular activity Regulate attention and cognition調(diào)節(jié)注意力和情緒Regulate intensity of

18、 slow or stereotyped movementsDoesnt initiate movements but once movement is underway, they assist in the pattern and rhythmInhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movement (example: prevents tremors at rest)CerebrumFunctions of Basal NucleiInfluFunctions of Basal NucleiInfluence muscular activity 參與調(diào)節(jié)

19、肌的運(yùn)動Regulate attention and cognition 調(diào)節(jié)人體對刺激的注意力和情緒 .CerebrumFunctions of Basal NucleiInfluWhite matter of the cerebral hemisphereAssociation fibers 聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維Commissural fibers 連合纖維Projection fibers 投射纖維White matter of the cerebral hAssociation fibersShort-association-fibers connect adjacent gyrus in ips

20、olateral hemisphere.Long-association-fibers connects cortex regions in different lobes within same hemisphere.Association fibersShort-associCommissural fibersinterconnect corresponding cortical regions of two hemispheres are: Corpus callosum 胼胝體 Anterior commissure 前連合 is a small compact bundle whic

21、h crosses the midline rostral to columns of fornix. 連接兩側(cè)顳葉和嗅球Hippocampal commissure 海馬連合 連接兩側(cè)海馬Commissural fibersinterconnec神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件Commissural fibers: Connect corresponding grey areas of the two hemispheres. Corpus callosum, anterior commissure, hippocampal commissureCorpus callosumanterio

22、r commissureanterior commissurehippocampal commissurerostrumgenubodyspleniumCommissural fibers: Connect cAssociation fibers: Connect different parts of the same hemisphereAssociation fibers: Connect dProjection fibers is the gathering area of ascending and descending fibers between the cortex and su

23、bcortic centerProjection fibers is the gathInternal capsule is a concentrated structure of the projection fibers between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially, and the lentiform nucleus laterally.內(nèi)囊Internal capsule is a concentrThe internal capsuleLocation: it lies between the caudate nucleus an

24、d thalamus and lentiform nucleus, at the horizontal section of the brain.The internal capsuleThe internal capsule can be divided into three portions.anterior limb of internal capsule: between the caudate nucleus and lentiform frontopontine tract and anterior thalamus radiationposterior limb: between

25、 the thalamus and lentiform corticospinal tract, thalamocortical tract(superior/central thalamic radiation) optic radiation auditory radiationgenu. between the anterior limb and posterior limb corticonuclear tract/ corticobulbar tract The internal capsule can be d神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)英文課件大腦半球英文課件Injured the interna

26、l capsuleShowing 3 contralateral impairment:損傷 1.Contralateral paralysis on body偏癱 2. Contralateral sensory impairment on bode 偏身感覺障礙 3. Contralateral visual fields of the 2 eyes are impairment 偏盲Injured the internal capsuleShLateral ventricleThe lateral ventricle can be divided into 4 parts: anterior (front) horn. posterior(occipital)horn ventricle body inferior (temporal) horn choroid plexuses(脈絡(luò)叢)Lateral ventric