學(xué)校扼殺了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力？KenRobinsonTed英語演講視頻中英字幕,英語文本

1、演講稿英語文本：Goodmorning.Howareyou?Itsbeengreat,hasntit?Ivebeenblownawaybythewholething.Infact,Imleaving.Therehavebeenthreethemes,haventthere,runningthroughtheconference,whicharerelevanttowhatIwanttotalkabout.Oneistheextraordinaryevidenceofhumancreativityinallofthepresentationsthatwevehadandinallofthepeo

2、plehere.Justthevarietyofitandtherangeofit.Thesecondis,thatitsputusinaplacewherewehavenoideawhatsgoingtohappen,intermsofthefuture,noideahowthismayplayout.Ihaveaninterestineducation-actually,whatIfindis,everybodyhasaninterestineducation;dontyou?Ifindthisveryinteresting.Ifyoureatadinnerparty,andyousayy

3、ouworkineducation-actually,yourenotoftenatdinnerparties,frankly,ifyouworkineducation,yourenotasked.Andyoullneveraskback,curiously.Thatsstrangetome.Butifyouare,andyousaytosomebody,youknow,theysay,Whatdoyoudo,andyousayyouworkineducation,youcanseethebloodrunfromtheirface.Theyrelike,Ohmygod,youknow,whym

4、e?Myonenightoutallweek.Butifyouaskpeopleabouttheireducation,theypinyoutothewall.Becauseitsoneofthosethingsthatgoesdeepwithpeople,amIright?,likereligion,andmoney,andotherthings.Ihaveabiginterestineducation,andIthinkwealldo,wehaveahugevestedinterestinit,partlybecauseitseducationthatsmeanttotakeusintot

5、hisfuturethatwecantgrasp.Ifyouthinkofit,childrenstartingschoolthisyearwillberetiringin2065.Nobodyhasaclue,despitealltheexpertisethatsbeenonparadeforthepastfourdays,whattheworldwilllooklikeinfiveyearstime.Andyetweremeanttobeeducatingthemforit.Sotheunpredictability,Ithink,isextraordinary.Andthethirdpa

6、rtofthisisthatweveallagreednonethelessonthereallyextraordinarycapacitythatchildrenhave,theircapacitiesforinnovation.Imean,Sirenalastnightwasamarvel,wasntshe,justseeingwhatshecoulddo.Andshesexceptional,butIthinkshesnot,sotospeak,exceptionalinthewholeofchildhood.Whatyouhavethereisapersonofextraordinar

7、ydedicationwhofoundatalent.Andmycontentionis,allkidshavetremendoustalentsandwesquanderthem,prettyruthlessly.SoIwanttotalkabouteducationandIwanttotalkaboutcreativity.Mycontentionisthatcreativitynowisasimportantineducationasliteracy,andweshouldtreatitwiththesamestatus.applauseThankyou.Thatwasit,bythew

8、ay,thankyouverymuch.Soooo,15minutesleft.Well,Iwasborn.Iheardagreatstoryrecently,Ilovetellingit,ofalittlegirlwhowasinadrawinglesson,shewas6andshewasattheback,drawing,andtheteachersaidthislittlegirlhardlypaidattention,andinthisdrawinglessonshedid.Theteacherwasfascinatedandshewentovertoherandshesaid,Wh

9、atareyoudrawing?andthegirlsaid,ImdrawingapictureofGod.Andtheteachersaid,ButnobodyknowswhatGodlookslike.Andthegirlsaid,Theywillinaminute.Whenmysonwas4inEngland-actuallyhewas4everywhere,tobehonest;ifwerebeingstrictaboutit,whereverhewent,hewas4thatyear-hewasinthenativityplay.Doyourememberthestory?No,it

10、wasbig,itwasabigstory.MelGibsondidthesequel,youmayhaveseenit,NativityII.ButJamesgotthepartofJoseph,whichwewerethrilledabout.Weconsideredthistobeoneoftheleadparts.WehadtheplacecrammedfullofagentsinT-shirts:JamesRobinsonISJoseph!Hedidnthavetospeak,butyouknowthebitwherethethreekingscomein.Theycomeinbea

11、ringgifts,andtheybringgold,frankincenseandmyrrh.Thisreallyhappened-weweresittingthereandwethinktheyjustwentoutofsequence,wetalkedtothelittleboyafterwardandwesaid,YouOKwiththatandhesaidYeah,why,wasthatwrong?-theyjustswitched,Ithinkthatwasit.Anyway,thethreeboyscamein,little4-year-oldswithteatowelsonth

12、eirheads,andtheyputtheseboxesdown,andthefirstboysaid,Ibringyougold.Thesecondboysaid,Ibringyoumyrhh.Andthethirdboysaid,Franksentthis.Whatthesethingshaveincommonisthatkidswilltakeachance.Iftheydontknow,theyllhaveago.AmIright?Theyrenotfrightenedofbeingwrong.Now,Idontmeantosaythatbeingwrongisthesamethin

13、gasbeingcreative.Whatwedoknowis,ifyourenotpreparedtobewrong,youllnevercomeupwithanythingoriginal.Ifyourenotpreparedtobewrong.Andbythetimetheygettobeadults,mostkidshavelostthatcapacity.Theyhavebecomefrightenedofbeingwrong.Andwerunourcompanieslikethis,bytheway,westigmatizemistakes.Andwerenowrunningnat

14、ionaleducationsystemswheremistakesaretheworstthingyoucanmake.Andtheresultis,weareeducatingpeopleoutoftheircreativecapacities.Picassooncesaidthis,hesaidthatallchildrenarebornartists.Theproblemistoremainanartistaswegrowup.Ibelievethispassionately,thatwedontgrowintocreativity,wegrowoutofit.Orratherwege

15、teducatedoutofit.Sowhyisthis?IlivedinStratford-on-Avonuntilaboutfiveyearsago,infactwemovedfromStratfordtoLosAngeles,soyoucanimaginewhataseamlesstransitionthiswas.ActuallywelivedinaplacecalledSnitterfield,justoutsideStratford,whichiswhereShakespearesfatherwasborn.Wereyoustruckbyanewthought?Iwas.Youdo

16、ntthinkofShakespearehavingafather,doyou?Doyou?BecauseyoudontthinkofShakespearebeingachild,doyou?Shakespearebeing7?Ineverthoughtofit.Imean,hewas7atsomepoint;hewasinsomebodysEnglishclass,wasnthe?Howannoyingwouldthatbe?Musttryharder.Beingsenttobedbyhisdad,youknow,toShakespeare,Gotobed,now,toWilliamShak

17、espeare,andputthepencildown.Andstopspeakinglikethat.Itsconfusingeverybody.Anyway,wemovedfromStratfordtoLosAngeles,andIjustwanttosayawordaboutthetransition,actually.Mysondidntwanttocome.Ivegottwokids,hes21now,mydaughters16;hedidntwanttocometoLosAngeles.Helovedit,buthehadagirlfriendinEngland.Thiswasth

18、eloveofhislife,Sarah.Hedknownherforamonth.Mindyou,theydhadtheirfourthanniversary,becauseitsalongtimewhenyoure16.Anyway,hewasreallyupsetontheplane,andhesaid,IllneverfindanothergirllikeSarah.Andwewereratherpleasedaboutthat,frankly,becauseshewasthemainreasonwewereleavingthecountry.Butsomethingstrikesyo

19、uwhenyoumovetoAmericaandwhenyoutravelaroundtheworld:everyeducationsystemonearthhasthesamehierarchyofsubjects.Everyone,doesntmatterwhereyougo,youdthinkitwouldbeotherwisebutitisnt.Atthetoparemathematicsandlanguages,thenthehumanities,andthebottomarethearts.Everywhereonearth.Andinprettymucheverysystemto

20、o,theresahierarchywithinthearts.Artandmusicarenomallygivenahigherstatusinschoolsthandramaanddance.Thereisntaneducationsystemontheplanetthatteachesdanceeverydaytochildrenthewayweteachthemmathematics.Why?Whynot?Ithinkthisisratherimportant.Ithinkmathsisveryimportantbutsoisdance.Childrendanceallthetimei

21、ftheyreallowedto,wealldo.Weallhavebodies,dontwe?DidImissameeting?Truthfullywhathappensis,aschildrengrowupwestarttoeducatethemprogressivelyfromthewaistup.Andthenwefocusontheirheads.Andslightlytooneside.Ifyouweretovisiteducationasanalienandsaywhatsitfor,publiceducation,Ithinkyoudhavetoconclude,ifyoulo

22、okattheoutput,whoreallysucceedsbythis,whodoeseverythingtheyshould,whogetsallthebrowniepoints,whoarethewinners。Ithinkyoudhavetoconcludethewholepurposeofpubliceducationthroughouttheworldistoproduceuniversityprofessors.Isntit.Theyrethepeoplewhocomeoutthetop.AndIusedtobeone,sothere.AndIlikeuniversitypro

23、fessors,butyouknow,weshouldntholdthemupasthehigh-watermarkofallhumanachievement.Theyrejustaformoflife,anotherformoflife.buttheyrerathercuriousandIsaythisoutofaffectionforthem,theressomethingcuriousaboutthem,notallofthembuttypically,theyliveintheirheads,theyliveupthere,andslightlytooneside.Theyredise

24、mbodied.Theylookupontheirbodiesasaformoftransportfortheirheads,dontthey?Itsawayofgettingtheirheadtomeetings.Ifyouwantrealevidenceofout-of-bodyexperiences,bytheway,getyourselfalongtoaresidentialconferenceofsenioracademics,andpopintothediscothequeonthefinalnight,andthereyouwillseeit,grownmenandwomenwr

25、ithinguncontrollably,offthebeat,waitinguntilitendssotheycangohomeandwriteapaperaboutit.Nowoureducationsystemispredicatedontheideaofacademicability.Andtheresareason.Thewholesystemwasinventedroundtheworldtherewerenopublicsystemsofeducationreallybeforethe19thcentury.Theyallcameintobeingtomeettheneedsof

26、industrialism.Sothehierarchyisrootedontwoideas:Numberone,thatthemostusefulsubjectsforworkareatthetop.Soyouwereprobablysteeredbenignlyawayfromthingsatschoolwhenyouwereakid,thingsyouliked,onthegroundsthatyouwouldnevergetajobdoingthat.Isthatright?Dontdomusic,yourenotgoingtobeamusician;dontdoart,youreno

27、tgoingtobeanartist.Benignadvice-now,profoundlymistaken.Thewholeworldisengulfedinarevolution.Andthesecondis,academicability,whichhasreallycometodominateourviewofintelligencebecausetheuniversitiesdesignedthesystemintheirimage.Ifyouthinkofit,thewholesystemofpubliceducationaroundtheworldisaprotractedpro

28、cessofuniversityentrance.Andtheconsequenceisthatmanyhighlytalented,brilliant,creativepeoplethinktheyrenot,becausethethingtheyweregoodatatschoolwasntvalued,orwasactuallystigmatized.AndIthinkwecantaffordtogoonthatway.Inthenext30years.accordingtoUNESCO,morepeopleworldwidewillbegraduatingthrougheducatio

29、nthansincethebeginningofhistory.Morepeople,anditsthecombinationofallthethingswevetalkedabout-technologyanditstransformationeffectonwork,anddemographyandthehugeexplosioninpopulation.Suddenlydegreesarentworthanything.Isntthattrue?WhenIwasastudent,ifyouhadadegree,youhadajob.Ifyoudidnthaveajobitsbecause

30、youdidntwantone.AndIdidntwantone,frankly.Butnowkidswithdegreesareoftenheadinghometocarryonplayingvideogames,becauseyouneedanMAwherethepreviousjobrequiredaBA,andnowyouneedaPhDfortheother.Itsaprocessofacademicinflation.Anditindicatesthewholestructureofeducationisshiftingbeneathourfeet.Weneedtoradicall

31、yrethinkourviewofintelligence.Weknowthreethingsaboutintelligence:One,itsdiverse,wethinkabouttheworldinallthewaysweexperienceit.Wethinkvisually,wethinkinsound,wethinkkinesthetically.Wethinkinabstractterms,wethinkinmovement.Secondly,intelligenceisdynamic.Ifyoulookattheinteractionsofahumanbrain,aswehea

32、rdyesterdayfromanumberofpresentations,intelligenceiswonderfullyinteractive.Thebrainisntdividedintocompartments.Infact,creativity,whichIdefineastheprocessofhavingoriginalideasthathavevalue,moreoftenthannotcomesaboutthroughtheinteractionofdifferentdisciplinarywaysofseeingthings.Thebrainisintentionally

33、-bytheway,theresashaftofnervesthatjoinsthetwohalvesofthebraincalledthecorpuscollosum,anditsthickerinwomen.FollowingonfromHelenyesterday,Ithinkthisisprobablywhywomenarebetteratmultitasking,becauseyouare,arentyou,theresaraftofresearch,butIknowitfrommypersonallife.Ifmywifeiscookingamealathome,whichisno

34、toften,thankfully,butyouknow,shesdoing(oh,shesgoodatsomethings)butifshescooking,youknow,shesdealingwithpeopleonthephone,shestalkingtothekids,shespaintingtheceiling,shesdoingopen-heartsurgeryoverhere;ifImcooking,thedoorisshut,thekidsareout,thephonesonthehook,ifshecomesinIgetannoyed,IsayTerry,please,I

35、mtryingtofryanegginhere,givemeabreak.(Youknowthatoldphilosophicalthing,ifatreefallsintheforestandnobodyhearsit,didithappen,rememberthatoldchestnut,IsawagreatT-shirtrecentlythatsaid,Ifamanspeakshismindinaforest,andnowomanhearshim,ishestillwrong?)Andthethirdthingaboutintelligenceis,itsdistinct.Imdoing

36、anewbookatthemomentcalledEpiphanywhichisbasedonaseriesofinterviewswithpeopleabouthowtheydiscoveredtheirtalent.Imfascinatedbyhowpeoplegottobethere.ItsreallypromptedbyaconversationIhadwithawonderfulwomanwhomaybemostpeoplehaveneverheardof,shescalledGillianLynne,haveyouheardofher?Somehave.Shesachoreogra

37、pherandeverybodyknowsherwork.ShedidCats,andPhantomoftheOpera,sheswonderful.IusedtobeontheboardoftheRoyalBallet,inEngland,asyoucansee,andGillianandIhadlunchonedayandIsaidGillian,howdyougettobeadancer?Andshesaiditwasinteresting,whenshewasatschool,shewasreallyhopeless.Andtheschool,inthe30s,wroteherpare

38、ntsandsaid,WethinkGillianhasalearningdisorder.Shecouldntconcentrate,shewasfidgeting.IthinknowtheydsayshehadADHD.Wouldntyou?Butthiswasthe1930sandADHDhadntbeeninventedatthispoint.Itwasntanavailablecondition.Peoplewerentawaretheycouldhavethat.Anywayshewenttoseethisspecialist,inthisoak-paneledroom,andsh

39、ewastherewithhermotherandshewasledandsatonachairattheend,andshesatonherhandsfor20minuteswhilethisdoctortalkedtohermotheraboutalltheproblemsGillianwashavingatschool.Andattheendofit-becauseshewasdisturbingpeople,herhomeworkwasalwayslate,andsoon,littlekidof8-intheend,thedoctorwentandsatnexttoGillianand

40、said,GillianIvelistenedtoallthesethingsthatyourmotherstoldme,andIneedtospeaktoherprivately.Hesaid,Waithere,wellbeback,wewontbeverylong,andtheywentandlefther.Butastheywentouttheroom,heturnedontheradiothatwassittingonhisdesk,andwhentheygotouttheroom,hesaidtohermother,Juststandandwatchher.Andtheminutet

41、heylefttheroom,shesaid,shewasonherfeet,movingtothemusic.Andtheywatchedforafewminutesandheturnedtohermotherandsaid,Mrs.Lynne,Gillianisntsick;shesadancer.Takehertoadanceschool.Isaid,Whathappened?Shesaid,Shedid.Icanttellyouhowwonderfulitwas.Wewalkedinthisroomanditwasfullofpeoplelikeme,peoplewhocouldntsitstill.Peoplewhohadtomovetothink.Whohadtomovetothink.Theydidballet,theydidtap,theydidjazz,theydidmodern,theydidcontemporary.ShewaseventuallyauditionedfortheRoyalBalletSchool,shebecameasoloist,shehadawonderfulcareerattheRoyalBallet,sheeventuallygrad