高考英語課件 語篇精讀課（四）完形填空之議論文

1、 專題四 議論文體完形填空文體特點 1.議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā) 表 見解或提出主張的說理性文章。議論文的目 的不僅是客觀的解釋事物，還力圖說服讀者相 信并接受某一觀點。 2.議論文都是由論點，論據(jù)和論證這三個要 素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個提出問題分析問題 解決問題的過程。因此，典型的議論文一般 就由序論（提出問題，即what）、本論（分析問題，即why）和結(jié)論（解決問題，即how）三個部分構(gòu)成 。 3.議論文的語言自然客觀，概括性強(qiáng)，比較 抽象。同時，它的語言也很準(zhǔn)確，合乎邏 輯。 文中會較多地使用有辯論和推理含義 的連接和過渡詞語與結(jié)構(gòu)，以增強(qiáng)語言的準(zhǔn) 確性和邏輯性 。4.作者的寫作態(tài)

2、度一般也較誠懇，在文章中通常使 用的是與讀者平等交流的語氣，不會給人以居高 臨下、逼人接受的感覺，在遣詞造句方面多使用 虛擬語氣、讓步狀語從句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情態(tài)動詞。 方法點撥1. 把握首句，這樣就可以迅速找到文章所要論證的觀點，進(jìn)而理解全文的主旨大意。英語議論文中絕大部分首句就是全文的論點，而且通常每段的首句就是主題句（topic sentence）。因此抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。 2.理清文章的論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。體會作者 謀篇布局的方法，了解各個段落的功能，感受作者論證的過程理順文章的各部分，直到條理清楚為止，然后再根據(jù)自己

3、對文章的把握及各部分的邏輯關(guān)系選出答案。 3. 把握作者的觀點和態(tài)度。議論文往往體現(xiàn) 作者對某一事物的觀點，而作者的觀點就是 文章的論點?？忌盐兆髡叩挠^點，把握 作者對某一事物是褒還是貶，是贊成還是反 對，而通常把握了作者的觀點也就找準(zhǔn)了文 章的論點。 The concept of solitude (獨處) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information

4、 is meant to be 36. Solitude can be hard to discover 37 it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 38 our culture. 由高考題說起2012江蘇高考36.A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected37.A. though B. until C. once D. before38.A. respected B. shaped C. ignoredD. preserved The desire to be

5、connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as weve known it. People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 theyd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(寫博客), not only from our 42 but from our mobile phones as well.39.A. e

6、dge B. stage C. end D. balance40.A.sensitive B. intelligent C.considerateD. reachable41.A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only42.A. media B. computes C. databases D. monitors43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent44. A. finding B. using 45. A. Also B. Instead 46. A. connected B. trained C. recom

7、mended D. interested47. A. pleasure B. benefit C.burden Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider. 45 , many jobs and careers require people to be 46 . From this point of view, tec

8、hnology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it. Computers can be shut 49 and mobile phones can be turned off. The

9、 ability to be connected and on has many 50 , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 51 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 52 and forced to answer unwanted calls or 53 to unwanted texts.48.A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really49.

10、A. outB. down C. upD. in50.A.aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions51.A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted52.A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused53.A. turn B. submit C. object D. replyAttitudes towards our connectedness as a society 54 across generations. Some find todays techn

11、ology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyones view on the subject, its hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology.54.A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist55.A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without讀懂文章是解題的關(guān)鍵(如何讀) 1速讀文章，了解文章大意 Whats the passage mainly

12、 about?With the development of digital technology, the concept of solitude is disappearing. People are connected with each other by means of computers or mobile phones. Although people have different attitudes towards the change, the advance of technology does make a difference to the world.2精讀文章，理清

13、細(xì)枝末節(jié)(完成下面框圖) 論點論據(jù)結(jié)論Digital tech-nology has changed our way of life.1.New technologies have shaped our culture.2.Digital technology has changed the culture of word.Its hard to imagine what life Would be like without dailyadvancements in technology. 解題導(dǎo)語：本文為科技類的議論文。在 現(xiàn)代社會中，由于數(shù)碼技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我 們獨處的概念幾乎不復(fù)存在。當(dāng)今數(shù)

14、字 科技的發(fā)展給人們的生活帶來了許多 方便，當(dāng)然也有不變之處。盡管人們 對現(xiàn) 代技術(shù)的發(fā)展持有不同的看法， 但是技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，我們的生活會完全不 同。讓我們盡情的享受生活。 。 答案解析考向歸位：考查動詞詞義辨析及上下文語義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)前面提到獨處的概念幾乎是 不存在的，可知信息是被共享的。The concept of solitude (獨處) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online

15、video games, information is meant to be 36.36.A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected解析：在數(shù)碼時代里，獨處的概念幾乎是不存在的”可 知，此處表示信息是被共享的。 update“更新”, receive“接受”，share“分享”，collect“收集”， share符合語境。答案：C考向歸位：考查句際關(guān)系 。技巧應(yīng)用：邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文語境可推知獨處一 旦被放棄就很難發(fā)現(xiàn)。Solitude can be hard to discover 37 it has been given up.37.A

16、. though B. until C. once D. before解析：根據(jù)語境可知獨處一旦被放棄就很難發(fā)現(xiàn)。 though“盡管”；until“直到”；before“在之 前”不合題意。答案：C考向歸位：考查動詞詞義辨析及 上下文語義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：邏輯關(guān)系。承接前句而來，再由第三段 中technology has changed the culture of work.，構(gòu)成前后照應(yīng)。 In this respect, new technologies have 38 our culture. 38.A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preser

17、ved解析：在這方面，新技術(shù)已經(jīng)塑造了我們的文化。 respect“尊重”；ignore“忽視”；preserve“保護(hù)”。 shape“塑造，使成形”符合語境。 答案：B考向歸位：考查固定搭配。技巧應(yīng)用：固定結(jié)構(gòu)照應(yīng)法。bringto an end “使 結(jié)束”固定搭配。 The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as weve known it.39.A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance解析：根據(jù)語境可知此處表示使獨處終結(jié)， bringto an end “使結(jié)束，使終止”，固定

18、搭配。答案：C考向歸位：考查形容詞詞義辨析及 上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法。根據(jù)后半句connections that one can often be contacted及第Being reachable 前后照應(yīng)，其中reachable為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 theyd rather not be.40.A.sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate

19、D. reachable解析：在網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接世界中，人們已經(jīng)變得如此地可達(dá) 到。sensitive“敏感的”，intelligent“聰明的”， considerate“體貼的，考慮周到的”，只有 reachable“可及，可到達(dá)”符合語境。答案：D考向歸位：考查句際關(guān)系及連詞詞義辨析。技巧應(yīng)用：邏輯關(guān)系或代入法。根據(jù)語境可知此處 為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 theyd rather no

20、t be.41.A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only解析：在網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接世界中，人們已經(jīng)變得如此地可達(dá) 到以致即使不愿意被聯(lián)系，也可能經(jīng)常被聯(lián)系。 only if“只要”，as if“似乎”，if only“要是 該多好”，只有 even if“即使”符合語境。答案：A考向歸位：考查名詞詞義辨析及上下文語義理解。技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)常識及上文中的network可 知，talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog等應(yīng)與 電腦有關(guān)，后文也提到還有 。Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and

21、blog(寫博客), not only from our 42 but from our mobile phones as well.42.A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors解析：今天我們不僅可以用電腦來交談，發(fā)短信，發(fā) 電郵，聊天，寫博客，而且也可以用 做這 些事。答案：B考向歸位：考查上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)空格后說他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于使 用數(shù)字技術(shù)可知發(fā)達(dá)國家依賴于它。Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because th

22、eyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider.43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent解析：大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)變得依賴于數(shù)碼技術(shù)。 bent (on)“決心的”；hard（on）“嚴(yán)厲的”； keen (on)“愛好，喜歡”。 dependent (on)“依靠 的”，符合語境。答案：D考向歸位：考查動詞詞義辨析及 上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：照應(yīng)法或邏輯關(guān)系。承接前句而來，根據(jù) 空格前他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于使用數(shù)字技術(shù)并依 賴于它，因此不

23、用就會out，前后照應(yīng)。Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider.44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing解析：大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)變得習(xí)慣于使用并依賴于 數(shù)碼技術(shù)，因此從這一點來說，不使用它會讓 他們成為局外人。 答案：B考向歸位：考查句際關(guān)系及副詞詞義辨析。

24、技巧應(yīng)用： 邏輯關(guān)系。承接上句而來，表示進(jìn)一步陳 述人們與新技術(shù)的聯(lián)系 。 45 , many jobs and careers require people to be 46 .45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow解析：承接上句，而且許多工作和職業(yè)要求人們相互 聯(lián)系。instead“相反”， otherwise“否則”， somehow“以某種方式”，均不符合語境。答案：A考向歸位：考查上下文語義理解。技巧應(yīng)用： 原詞及近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法。根據(jù)上下文多 次提到connect和contact可知。 45 , many jobs and ca

25、reers require people to be 46 .46. B. TrainedC.recommended D. interested解析：承接上句，而且許多工作和職業(yè)要求人們相互 聯(lián)系。答案：A考向歸位：考查名詞詞義辨析及 上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：照應(yīng)法。根據(jù)空格后半句may not want to be able to be contacted at all times可知經(jīng) 常被聯(lián)系是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。 From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might

26、 feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.47. A.pleasure B. benefit C. burden解析：經(jīng)常被聯(lián)系是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。A項“愉悅”， benefit“利益”，disappointment“失望”，均與語 境不符。故選C項。答案：C考向歸位：考查副詞詞義辨析及上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)空格前提到still possible便 可推知。 I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still

27、 possible for anyone who 48 wants it. 48.A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really解析：獨處對于真正想要獨處的人來說仍然是可能的。 slightly“稍微”；hardly“幾乎不”；merely“僅 僅”；really“真正地”。 really符合語境。答案：D 考向歸位：考查動詞短語詞義辨析及 上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法。承接上句而來，根據(jù) 語境及空格后同義短語turn off便可推知。 Computers can be shut 49 and mobile phones can be tur

28、ned off.49.A. out B. down C. up D. in解析：根據(jù)后半句中的“turn off”可知，此處應(yīng)為意義 一致的短語，shut down“關(guān)閉”，符合語境。 shut out“關(guān)在外面，遮住”；shut up“住口”； shut in“關(guān)進(jìn)”。答案：B考向歸位：考查名詞詞義辨析及 上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)照應(yīng)法。根據(jù)空格后 disadvantages可推知。 The ability to be connected and on has many 50 , as well as disadvantages.50.A.aspects B. weakness

29、es C. advantages D. exceptions解析：根據(jù)語境可知既有優(yōu)點也有缺點。aspects“方 面” ，weaknesses“缺點，不足”，exceptions“例 外”均不符合語境。答案：C考向歸位：考查上下文語義理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)空格后半句mobile phones have saved countless lives.可知。 Travelers have ended up 51 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives.51.A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed

30、 D. deserted解析：游客在山中迷路lost， 已經(jīng)挽救了無數(shù)條生 命。lost 符合語境。答案：B考向歸位：考查形容詞詞義辨析及上下文語義 理解。 技巧應(yīng)用：代入法。根據(jù)空格后的 force和 unwanted 可知。 They can also make people feel 52 and forced to answer unwanted calls or 53 to unwanted texts. 52.A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused解析： 還使人們?nèi)烁械嚼Ь剑╰rapped），被迫回 答不必要的 或者回復(fù)不必要的短信。 excited“