2022高考英語一輪總復習選修7Unit21HumanBiology學案含解析北師大版

1、2022高考英語一輪總復習選修7Unit21HumanBiology學案含解析北師大版2022高考英語一輪總復習選修7Unit21HumanBiology學案含解析北師大版PAGE 2022高考英語一輪總復習選修7Unit21HumanBiology學案含解析北師大版Unit21HumanBiology（主題語境:人與社會科學與技術)核心考點課堂突破1。abusevt.辱罵;濫用；虐待n。濫用;虐待；辱罵，惡語教材原句Taking these drugs is known as “doping and although they enhance performance,they also ca

2、use serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them。(P34)服用這些藥物被認為是“吸毒”,盡管興奮劑有助于提高成績,但同時也會給那些濫用興奮劑的運動員招來日后生活中的健康麻煩。語境巧練用所給詞的適當形式填空The land is a living thing。It will hit back at you if you (abuse） it。I never expected that he (abuse） the trust I placed in him。完成句子父母還應自己不酗酒為孩子做出榜樣。Parent

3、s also should set an example to their children by .考點必記abuse ones position as。.濫用的職務abuse ones power濫用職權abuse ones trust背信棄義drug/alcohol abuse吸毒/酗酒寫作佳句Those who abuse drugs are likely to try to obtain them illegally.那些濫用毒品的人可能設法非法獲得毒品。2。toleratevt。容忍,忍受，寬?。蝗菰S;能經受(困難）教材原句The sports world does not tol

4、erate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.（P34)由于它是影響力大的欺騙形式,體育界是不會容忍運動員服用興奮劑的。語境巧練用所給詞的適當形式填空In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful （tolerate）。.。.such measures will become more a vehicle for （intolerant) than integration。How ca

5、n you tolerate his （shout） at you？小話題寫作我們數學老師很溫柔,很友善,對我們這些學生很寬容。(2020全國卷，書面表達)Our maths teacher is extremely gentle and friendly and very 。考點必記tolerate+n.容忍tolerate doing。.容忍/容許做tolerate sb/sbs doing容忍某人做toleration n。忍受，寬容,容許tolerable adj.可容忍的，可忍受的;過得去的（in）tolerant adj.(不能)忍受的,（無法)容忍的tolerance n。容忍；

6、忍受,寬容；耐力intolerance n。不能容忍be (in）tolerant of/towards（不能）容忍3.seekv.（sought,sought）尋求,請求;試圖,設法;尋找,追求教材原句Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so。（P34)服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運動存在的問題,每個運動項目都存在這個問

7、題,運動員想取得超常體育成績而準備作弊。語境巧練單句語法填空They heard the barking of the lost dog and (seek） it out。Besides，businesses seek （appeal) to customers senses.Your lives are busy enough doing homework，playing sports,making friends,seeking your dreams.小話題寫作人們可以在互聯(lián)網上查找有關自己喜歡的明星的信息,并以折扣價購買機票，既省時又經濟。On the Internet，people

8、 can their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well,which is both timesaving and economical?？键c必記seek help from sb向某人請求幫助seek for尋求，尋找seek out找出，挑出seek to do sth試圖去做某事seek ones advice向某人征求意見seek ones fortune尋找出路，尋找發(fā)跡的機會seek after追求seeker n.搜索者;探求者寫作佳句Its doubtful whether they will seek he

9、lp from their relatives。他們是否會尋求親屬的幫助值得懷疑.4.opposev。反對；反抗，抵制教材原句Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.(P34）基因治療是很有爭議的.許多人反對進一步研究。語境巧練用所給詞的適當形式填空The local citizens strongly opposed (build) a new airport near the village.。be patient to the people who are the

10、complete （oppose） of that description.Many farmers （oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.小話題寫作倡導用榜樣來教育學生，程老師反對懲罰孩子。(2020全國卷,書面表達）Advocating educating students through models，Mrs.Chengkids.考點必記oppose sth反對某事oppose doing sth反對做某事be opposed to（doing) st

11、h反對(做)某事opposed adj。反對的；截然不同的opposite adv。相對地,相反地;對面地adj。相對的，對面的prep.在對面n。反義詞,對立的事物寫作佳句Dad opposed driving our own car to visit Hangzhou as he thought we might meet with traffic jam and it was not environmentally friendly。爸爸反對我們開車去杭州,因為他認為我們可能會遇到交通阻塞，而且這也不環(huán)保。5。contradictvt。違反，違背；與(其他事物）相矛盾，相反；反駁,批駁教

12、材原句However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.(P34)然而,如果一代有強化基因的運動明星被造出,這將有悖于整個運動精神。語境巧練用所給詞的適當形式填空The suspects couldnt convince the police,and started contradicting (they）。小話題寫作媽媽要我在互聯(lián)網上找到相關信息。但是我得到的信息豐富多樣,或者甚至相互矛盾。 (2018江蘇

13、卷,書面表達)Mom asked me to find relevant information on the Internet。But the information I got was rich and varied，.考點必記contradict oneself 自相矛盾contradiction n。矛盾,不一致；反駁contradictory adj.對立的,不一致的；相互矛盾的contradiction between .。and.。.在和之間不一致（矛盾，對立)in direct contradiction to與恰恰相反寫作佳句Young children should nev

14、er contradict what their parents say。孩子們絕對不應頂撞父母。6.postponevt.推遲，延期經典例句He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day。他決定將探險活動推遲到第二天。語境巧練用所給詞的適當形式填空The （postpone) of “adult activities could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities。（2018上海卷,完形填空)Lets postpone (m

15、ake） a decision until we have more information。小話題寫作由于我們學校非常重視這場比賽，而且我們從不推遲訓練,因此我們相信我們會擊敗對手。（2019全國卷，書面表達)Since our school attaches great importance to this game and we never ,we believe that well beat our opponent.考點必記postpone sth to/until.把某事延遲/推遲到postpone doing sth推遲做某事postponement n。延期；延緩名師點津pos

16、tpone和delay，put off等意義相近，用法也相近,它們后面都應跟動詞ing形式。7.prohibitvt。禁止；阻止，使不可能教材原句Since the SARS epidemic ended,scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks。（P38)從“非典”疫潮結束后，科學家們就在做治療實驗以防止將來再次發(fā)生。語境巧練用所給詞的適當形式填空The bags （prohibit） in some 90 cities in California,including Lo

17、s Angeles.（2018浙江卷，閱讀理解B篇）Forbid their children from(visit) the web.（2018江蘇卷，閱讀理解D篇)完成句子李先生因為沒有還清債務而不準乘飛機或乘火車出行。Mr Liby air or by train because he hasnt paid off the debt.小話題寫作他們負責禁止任何未經測試的人進入校園。(2020天津卷,書面表達)They took the responsibility ofthe school yard if his temperature was not tested.考點必記prohib

18、it sth禁止某事prohibit doing sth禁止做某事prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事prohibition n。禁止;禁令名師點津表示“禁止某人做某事”結構還有：ban sb from doing sthforbid sb from doing sthforbid sb to do sth8.robvt。搶奪,剝奪;使喪失；搶劫教材原句Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.

19、(P40）特里在1990年因心臟病突發(fā),大腦缺氧造成永久性傷害而陷入昏迷。語境巧練單句語法填空What a pity！The girl was robbed her normal childhood because of her disability。Armed (rob） broke into the shop and demanded money from the safe.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could the money and paid for a place to stay in.While

20、shopping，Mrs Smith had her pocket （pick）.考點必記rob sb/a place搶劫某人/某處rob sb of sth搶劫某人某物;剝奪某人某物；使某人失去某物robbery n.搶劫，掠奪robber n。搶劫者，強盜詞匯辨析rob指公然用暴力搶劫他人的所有物,常用rob sb/sp of sth表示“搶劫某人/某處的某物”.steal意為“偷”,其賓語為偷的物品，常用steal sth from sb/sp表示“從某人/某處偷某物”。pick用以指“扒竊”,賓語一般為pocket之類的詞.9。declinev。下降；婉拒n。下降;減少教材原句.。.i

21、t is generally agreed that a patients chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.(P40)人們普遍同意一個病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)的時間越長恢復的可能性就減小.語境巧練單句語法填空As the economy was decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.（2020新高考全國卷,讀后續(xù)寫)We offered to give Sharon a ride home，but she （decline），saying that s

22、he felt like walking.（2020天津卷，單項填空).。,more efforts must be made，because the population of the crane in the wild is the decline,。.（2019江蘇卷，完形填空）小話題寫作但是,去年中國的經濟增長率下降了。However，China saw its economic growth rate last year?？键c必記decline to/by。.。下降到/了a sharp decline急劇下降decline to do sth婉拒做某事in decline(=on t

23、he decline)下降，衰退decline in/of sth在某方面減少/下降fall/go into （a) decline開始衰落；陷入衰退寫作佳句The company has gone into a decline because of falling demand.由于市場需求下降,這家公司的生意每況愈下.10。submitvt.遞交;提交;順從；屈服;認輸教材原句You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.（P41）你本來應該在六月十四日提交的。語境巧練單句語法填空Submit a topic proposal your h

24、istory teacher.（2019天津卷,閱讀理解A篇）Tomorrow is the last date for （submit) of entries for the competition。All important problems must (submit） to the committee for discussion.完成句子學生已經把論文遞交給了導師。The students have their essays their tutors?？键c必記submit sth (to sb)把某物遞交(給某人)submit to服從于，屈從于;把提交給，向提出submission

25、n。提交；投降；順從submissive adj。服從的;屈從的；恭順的11。atallcosts不管多大代價，無論如何教材原句The Olympic spirit-the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning-has been violated by the desire to succeed atallcosts.（P34）奧林匹克精神強調參與而不是取勝的競技精神已經被為獲得成功而不惜任何代價的愿望所褻瀆.語境巧練完成句子我們必須不惜一切代價防止我們的計劃被泄露出去.We must pr

26、event our plan from being given away。那位士兵在那女孩遇溺時救了她,但卻犧牲了自己的生命.The young soldier saved the girl from drowning，but onlyhis own life.我們正在不花錢而種植絕好的西紅柿!We are growing wonderful tomatoes ！考點必記at the cost of以為代價；喪失，犧牲at a cost of以的費用/價格at cost按成本at no cost不花錢at any cost=at all costs以任何代價12.wipeout徹底毀滅;全部摧

27、毀教材原句Epidemics can wipeout up to half of the population in urban areas.(P38）流行病可以消滅城市地區(qū)多達一半的人口。語境巧練單句語法填空“Honey，your basket is extraspecial,” Mom said，gently wiping my hot tears.After a serious flu outbreak wipes 99.4% of the worlds population,a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.

28、（2019全國卷，閱讀理解A篇）完成句子盡管我們感到十分炎熱，我們擦去汗水,繼續(xù)收獲西瓜。(2019北京卷，書面表達）Hot as we felt,weand continued harvesting the watermelons.考點必記wipe sth from/off sp把從某處擦掉wipe sth away擦凈或擦掉某物wipe ones tears擦干眼淚wipe sth clean/dry把擦干凈/干寫作佳句The volleyball girl wiped tears away,stood up and went on training，practicing blocking

29、.那位女排姑娘擦去淚水，站起來,繼續(xù)訓練，練習攔網。13。Its+adj.+todosth結構教材原句Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatch athletes using illegal drugs。（P34)不幸的是，很難抓住使用禁藥的運動員.語境巧練單句語法填空。its much easier (excuse） yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.For ch

30、ildren it is very，very difficult (cope） with emotion.（2018江蘇卷，閱讀理解D篇)Its really generous the little boy to share his only cake with his playmates.考點必記該句是“Its+ adj。+to do sth”結構,表示“做是”，其中it為形式主語,后面的動詞不定式短語為真正的主語。名師點津Its+adj。+for sb to do sth結構中,做表語的形容詞表示不定式行為的性質和特點,常見的有:easy,hard,difficult,important,

31、necessary,vital,possible等。Its+adj。+of sb to do sth結構中，做表語的形容詞表示其中sb的品行、性格或性質,常見的有：kind，nice,good,friendly，wise,careful,stupid,foolish,rude,unwise,clever等。14.unless引導條件狀語從句教材原句Unless we are careful,“genetherapy” will be the next big threat。(P34）除非我們小心翼翼，否則，“基因治療”將會成為下一個重大威脅。語境巧練單句語法填空Tom is so indepe

32、ndent that he never asks his parents opinionhe wants their support.(2019天津卷,單項填空）It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree fur- you understand that the nutria (海貍鼠）are destroying vast wetlands every year.(2020全國卷,閱讀理解C篇)小話題寫作除非參加在校園舉行的儀式,否則李江不會穿校服。(2019江蘇卷,書面表達)Li Jiang doesnt wear school uniforms the

33、 ceremony held on campus.考點必記句中unless引導條件狀語從句，表示“除非，否則”，表示其后條件狀語從句所表達的情況如果不發(fā)生，將發(fā)生主句的情況.unless可譯作“如果不”或“除非，否則.當從句主語和主句主語一致,且從句謂語動詞含有動詞be時,從句主語和be可以省去.寫作佳句There is no fun in winning a thing unless you spare no efforts for it.如果不是你煞費苦心而得來的東西實在沒有什么意思。15.havesthdone句型教材原句In the future，athletes who haveth

34、eirgeneschanged might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours。（P34)將來,基因發(fā)生改變的運動員可能在僅僅8秒內跑完100米，或在不到兩小時的時間里跑完馬拉松.語境巧練用所給詞的適當形式填空These include plants that have sensors （print） onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can d

35、etect harmful chemicals in groundwater。(2020全國卷，閱讀理解D篇）Higherincome parents tended to have children （play） with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.（2020全國卷,閱讀理解B篇)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph （take）.（2018天津卷

36、，單項填空)完成句子為了成為一名合格的志愿者,我已通過閱讀一些有關天津的書籍讓自己得以提高，以便對天津有更多的了解。In order to be a qualified volunteer，I have by reading some books about Tianjin so as to know more about it?？键c必記句中have sth done?？杀硎鞠旅嫒齻€含義：(主語）請/派別人完成某事(主語）讓某事被（主語)遭受某種不幸的情況名師點津在該結構中，have為使役動詞，sth和done之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞，而如果它們之間為主動關系,則應用have sth/sb

37、 do或have sth/sb doing結構。寫作佳句The students had their classroom decorated very beautifully to celebrate National Day。學生們把教室裝飾得十分漂亮來慶祝國慶.16。ratherthan句型教材原句The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part ratherthan winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs。(

38、P34）奧林匹克精神強調參與而不是取勝的競技精神已經被為獲得成功而不惜任何代價的愿望所褻瀆。語境巧練單句語法填空Bill，rather than you， (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.I prefer to stay at home rather than (go) shopping with her.Rather getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate（有同情心） response?

39、(2020全國卷，七選五)小話題寫作在歡迎儀式上我更喜歡穿傳統(tǒng)的中式服裝，而不是穿校服,因為傳統(tǒng)的中式服裝看起來更美麗、更時尚。(2019江蘇卷,書面表達)I preferthe traditional Chinese dress the school uniform at the welcome ceremony because the traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish。考點必記句中的rather than是并列連詞,該結構常用于平行結構中,連接相同的句子成分，即其兩部分在成分和形式上應該一致。當其連接并列主

40、語時,謂語的人稱和數應與第一個主語一致。名師點津含有rather than的句型常表示“寧愿做，而不愿做”,常見的有:prefer to do sth rather than do sthwould do sth rather than do sthwould rather do sth than do sth值得注意的是,would rather后面跟從句時應用虛擬語氣形式，表示現(xiàn)在和將來情況應用過去時態(tài)(將來情況常含有情態(tài)動詞),表示過去情況時應用過去完成時態(tài).隨堂鞏固遷移運用。單句語法填空1。This has led companies and individuals to donate

41、 money to developing countries to buy computer (equip) and Internet facilities.（2019江蘇卷，閱讀理解C篇)2。After sharing the story online,I heard from someone,who identified the lady Erin Smith。(2019天津卷,完形填空)3。Earth Day，marked on 22 April,is annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental pr

42、otection。(2019北京卷，語法填空）4.I dont think its wise of young ladies to keep slim the cost of their health.5.It is wrong （assume） arts groups cannot make a profit.（2018江蘇卷，任務型閱讀）。選詞填空circumstances，statistics,doubtful,urban,controversial,underline，violating,equippedSome people are still 1。 about whether pe

43、ople who are riding their electric motorbikes should be 2. with helmets，which should be not 3.Rules have been carried out that one riding an electric motorbike without protection should be punished，especially in 4. areas。5。 show helmets can protect people under some 6。So we should 7. the importance of wearing helmets，never 8。 the rules.根據漢語提示補全短文內容1. (隨著我們在學校的生活越來越忙碌,我們的健康已變得令人擔憂).Here are my tips on how to stay healthy while were seeking to get ahead in study.First of all,we need a healthy diet。Under no circumstances should we skip breakfasts to save time