2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習動詞及動詞短語考點講解含解析

1、2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習動詞及動詞短語考點講解含解析2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習動詞及動詞短語考點講解含解析2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習動詞及動詞短語考點講解含解析動詞及動詞短語知識點一 高考?？嫉膸捉M動詞詞義辨析1injure,hurt,wound，destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受傷hurt是表示“傷害”的一般用法，既可指對肉體的傷害,也可指對情感的傷害wound常指外傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害destroy一般指徹底損壞，常譯成“毀壞，損壞I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想傷害他的感情。He was wounded in the b

2、attle.他在戰(zhàn)斗中負過傷.2beat，hit，strike，defeat，winbeat表示“（尤指用棍或其他硬物)接連地打,擊，還可表示“打敗，勝過”hit表示對準目標打一下，強調(diào)擊中strike表示突然性或一次性的擊打defeat（beat）是指“擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝”，賓語通常是人或集體win是“（在中)獲勝”或“贏”的意思,賓語通常為war，match，game,prize,medal,respect,battle等名詞Our team beat the American team by eight。我們隊以超過美國隊八分的成績戰(zhàn)勝了。She hit him out of anger.她生氣

3、地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.該塔被閃電擊中了。He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.他擊敗了其他參賽者,獲了獎。3adopt,attach，adapt,adjustadoptvt. 采取，采納；收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)attachvt。 把附（在上）;重視attach much importance to。.。 非常重視adaptvt。 適應(yīng)；adapt oneself to 適應(yīng)于adjustvt. 適應(yīng)，調(diào)整；adjust oneself to 適應(yīng)于This kind of

4、 desk can be adjusted to the height you need； besides， it is not expensive at all。這個桌子可以根據(jù)你需要的高度而調(diào)整，而且一點也不貴.Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas。為了保持平衡，中國政府最近通過了一項鼓勵大學畢業(yè)生去農(nóng)村就業(yè)的政策。Parents

5、attach much importance to education。 They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift。父母親都非常重視教育。他們會盡自己最大的努力給予孩子們無價的饋贈.知識點二 高考?？嫉膭釉~短語辨析1breakbreak away from.。 脫離，奮力掙脫break down 出故障，累垮，分解break in 打斷，插話,強行進入break into。. 闖入，破門而入break out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)break through 突圍，沖破,突破break up 分

6、解，分裂，拆散,碎開If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later。如果你繼續(xù)像那樣工作,遲早你會累垮的。2bringbring about 引起，導(dǎo)致，使發(fā)生bring in 引進（技術(shù)),賺錢，帶來(收入)bring up 撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)，哺育bring down/up (the price) 使降低，減少，降價/提價比較:(prices） go down/up (價格)下降/上漲bring out 拿出，出版,生產(chǎn),揭露，闡明,使表現(xiàn)出The government has taken measures t

7、o bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已經(jīng)采取措施降低日用品價格以保持市場穩(wěn)定。3callcall at (someplace） 訪問(某地），拜訪(某地)比較：call on(sb。) 拜訪（某人)，訪問（某人）call back 回電話call in 請來，召集call off 取消call on/upon 號召call up 給打電話，使人想起call for 提倡,號召，要求，需要，去接某人The scene of the children playing happily in t

8、he park called up memories of her childhood。孩子們在公園高興玩耍的場景勾起了她對童年的回憶.4comecome about 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生come across 偶然相遇come on 過來，跟我來，加油，來吧，趕快come out 露出，出來，出現(xiàn)，出版，發(fā)（芽)，（花）開come up 被提出，上來，走近,上升，長出來come up with。. 提出,想出（主意)，找出（答案），趕上come into being 形成come into use 投入使用If you come across faults but you still want the

9、 bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你想要買的這輛自行車有瑕疵，但是你仍想買這輛，就讓服務(wù)員降價。5getget away from 逃脫，逃離get away with 做了壞事而未受懲罰get down to （doing) sth。 開始（做)某事get in 進入，收割，達到get over 克服，恢復(fù)get across 理解，（使）渡過get through 接通（電話),完成（工作）,通過（考試）After that，he knew he could get through any emergency

10、 by doing what he could to the best of his ability。在此之后，他知道只要盡全力就能成功應(yīng)對一切緊急事件。6givegive away 贈送，給予，背棄,泄露，分發(fā)give in 投降,讓步，屈服give back 歸還，送回give off 釋放，放出（煙、光、熱等）give out 用完,耗盡，分發(fā)，發(fā)放give up 放棄，辭去He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam， but the look on his face gave himself away.他說

11、他對期末考試的結(jié)果不失望，但是他臉上的表情出賣了他.7gogo against 違反,違背go over 復(fù)習,重溫,仔細檢查，審閱go by 走過，經(jīng)過,（時間）消逝，過去go out 熄滅，出去，外出go without 沒有也行，沒有也能勉強應(yīng)付go through 通過，經(jīng)受,瀏覽，仔細檢查I always start the day by going through my email。我每天第一件事就是要看電子郵件。8holdhold back 隱瞞；控制(情感）hold out 維持；抵抗;硬撐hold up 使耽擱hold on 堅持；別掛(電話）hold together 團結(jié)

12、一致hold on to 保留，抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being； house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住這套房子，這段時間房價漲得很快.9looklook back on。 回顧,回憶look on 旁觀，觀望look into。. 往里面看,瀏覽，調(diào)查look out 留神，當心，注意,警惕,提防look through 看透，仔細查看，瀏覽，翻閱，溫習look up仰視，往上看,（在字典或參考書中)查閱，查詢The authorities will look i

13、nto the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it。官方要對此案做進一步調(diào)查才能得出結(jié)論。10makemake the best of 充分利用make up for 補償，彌補make out 辨認出make fun of 取笑make up ones mind 下定決心make sense 有道理（意義），講得通make good/full use of 充分利用make up 編造；組成；構(gòu)成；補齊，湊足The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make u

14、p the time he has wasted playing online games。為了把浪費在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上的時間彌補回來，男孩比之前學習更努力.11putput away 將某物收拾起來，存錢，儲存put down 撲滅，鎮(zhèn)壓,記下put forward 提出，建議put off 延期，拖延put on (戲）上演，穿上，戴上put out 撲滅，熄滅,出版，生產(chǎn)put up 掛起，張貼，搭起，建立put up with 忍受，容忍Why do we have to put up with Susans selfish behavior？ We have to teach her to

15、 care for others.為什么我們要忍受蘇珊的自私行為?我們得教她關(guān)心別人。He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他決定當晚直接開車回家，而不住旅館。12setset about doing sth.set out to do sth. 著手/開始做某事set aside 留出，擱/放在一邊set off 出發(fā)，啟程，引起爆炸,激起，引起set out (for。） 動身去(）set up 創(chuàng)立，設(shè)立，開辦,豎起，支起The coup

16、le set aside some money every month for their future use even though their income can only make ends meet.這對夫妻每個月都存一些錢以備將來使用，盡管他們的收入只能使他們勉強維持生計。13taketake in 吸收，接納，欺騙take on 呈現(xiàn)，雇用take over 繼承，接管，接替take up 從事，開始，專注于，占去(時間、空間、地位等)take off (飛機)起飛，脫掉（衣帽/鞋)，成名，成功，事業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)機，生意起色Some insects take on the colour

17、of their surroundings to protect themselves。有些昆蟲為了自我保護會隨著周圍環(huán)境改變自身顏色.14turnturn down 拒絕；調(diào)低turn in 上交turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是turn over 移交，交給turn up 出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高turn off 關(guān)掉turn on 打開turn away 走開turn to 求助于;翻到Y(jié)ou look upset。 Whats the matter？I had my proposal turned down again.你看上去很傷心,怎么了？-我的建議再次被拒絕了。知識點三 動詞的熟詞生義很多動詞都

18、有些平時考試中很少考到的用法，出題人往往在此處設(shè)陷阱.1address vt. 向發(fā)表演說；直接向說話(熟義：n。地址 v。 寫地址)It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting。據(jù)說我們的校長將在會議上發(fā)表演說。2act vi。 起作用(熟義:行動）It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act。藥物需要幾分鐘起作用.3drive v。 迫使某人(做不好的事)（熟義;駕駛)Hunger drove her to steal。饑餓迫使她偷竊.4escape v。 被忘掉；被忽視（

19、熟義：v. 逃跑；逃脫）His name escapes me for the moment.此刻我忘記了他的名字。5fail v. 不足,缺乏；忽略；衰退(熟義：失敗,不及格)Our water supply failed.我們供水不足了。He never fails to write to his mother every month.他從來不忘記每月寫信給他的母親。6introduce v。 以開始(熟義：介紹，引進)He introduced his speech with a joke。他的演講以一個笑話開始。7knock vt. 批評，說不好（熟義：敲,打)The critics

20、knocked his latest play。評論家抨擊了他最近的戲劇。8labour vi。 費力地行走,干苦活（熟義：勞動)They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill。他們艱難地穿行于茂密的森林，攀登于峻峭的山嶺.9admit vt. 允許進入，容納（熟義:承認）The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house。仆人打開門，并請我進去。The theatre only admits 1，000 persons.這個劇場只能容納一千人。10bac

21、k vt. 支持(熟義：n。背，后面）Many of his friends backed his plan。他的許多朋友支持他的計劃。11count vi. 重要；vt. 認為 熟義：數(shù)（數(shù)目）Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife?？偟恼f來，她自認為還是一個幸運的妻子.12cover v. 走完（一段路)，夠付（費用)，看完（多少頁書）;涉及；報道(熟義：覆蓋)Here is 5； that should cover all your expenses.這兒有5英鎊，應(yīng)該夠你

22、的費用。13develop vt. 染上，沖洗，開發(fā)(熟義：發(fā)展)The year she was born her father developed a rare disease called lupus.她出生的這一年，她的父親得了一種稱為狼瘡的罕見疾病.14employ vt。 使用，采?。ㄊ炝x：雇傭）The country employed a new policy。這個國家采取了一種新的政策。15freeze v。 不許動，停止走動（熟義：凍結(jié)，凍冰)Freeze! Drop your arms！不許動，放下武器！16figure v。 認為,想像（熟義：n.數(shù)字；雕塑，人物）She

23、 figured that she would be next。她認為她可能就是下一個。17fine v。 n。 罰款（熟義：adj. 好的，晴朗的)He was fined 200.他被罰了200美元。18head v. 動身去（熟義：頭）The ship was heading for Shanghai.這艘船開往上海。19jump n。 vi。 (大幅度)上漲(熟義：跳)Last week the price of goods jumped.上周物價急劇上漲。20lay vt。 向提出;制定（熟義：放，擺設(shè),生蛋）The prisoner laid an escape plan。那個囚犯

24、制定了一個越獄計劃。高頻考點一 動詞詞義辨析例1(2019江蘇卷）A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity。Aresembling BreflectingCreviewing Drestoring【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的產(chǎn)物，它反映了人類的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。resemble“看起來像”；reflect“反映”；review“檢查;restore“恢復(fù)”.【舉一反三】【2018江蘇】22. Kidsshouldnthaveaccesstov

25、iolentfilmsbecausetheymight_ thethingsthey see。A. indicate B. investigateC。 imitate D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析及語境理解.句意：孩子不應(yīng)該接觸暴力電影，因為他們也許會模仿他們所見的事情.A. indicate指示；B。 investigate調(diào)查;C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故選C。【變式探究】When the time came to make the final decision for a course ， I decided to apply fo

26、r the one that _my interest。A。 limited B。 reserved C。 reflected D. spoiled【答案】C【解析】句意：當最后決定課程的時候到了，我決定申請能反映我興趣的課程.A。限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D。寵壞.故選C?！咀兪教骄俊縒hile intelligent people can often _ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple。Asacrifice BsubstituteCsimplify Dsurvive【答案】C【解析】句意:聰明的人

27、常常能把復(fù)雜的事情簡單化，而愚蠢的人更可能把簡單的問題復(fù)雜化.根據(jù)句意可知，這里用simplify與后面的the simple對應(yīng)，the complex與后面的complicate呼應(yīng)。sacrifice“犧牲”;substitute“代替”;survive“幸存”?！九e一反三】A good listener takes part in the conversation, _ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.Arealizing BcopyingCoffering Dmisunderstanding【答案】C【解析】句

28、意：善于傾聽的人在談話的時候，往往會提出想法和問題，從而使得談話能流暢地進行下去。offer“提供,主動提出”，符合句意。realize“意識到”;copy“復(fù)制；misunderstand“誤解”。高頻考點二 動詞短語辨析例2(2019江蘇卷）More wind power stations will _ to meet the demand for clean energy。Atake up Bclear upChold up Dspring up【答案】D【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：為了滿足清潔能源的要求，更多的風力發(fā)電站將涌現(xiàn)出來。take up“占據(jù)，從事”；clear up“清

29、理”；hold up“舉起，阻礙”；spring up“迅速出現(xiàn)，突然興起”?！九e一反三】【2018天津】At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：起初，羅伯特不愿讓他女兒去潛水，但最終他讓步了，因為她對她的技能是如此的有把握。A。 gave in屈服，讓步；B。

30、 dressed up打扮；C. broke in闖入；打斷；D。 turned up出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最終他讓步了。故選A.【變式探究】（2017天津）Mr。 and Mrs。 Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids。A. settled down B. keep off C。 get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來，結(jié)婚生子。A.安頓下來；

31、B.遠離；C起床；D.擦嘴.根據(jù)句意，故選A。【變式探究】Many businesses started up by college students have_thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation A.fallen offB.taken offC。turned offD。left off【答案】B【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。短語fall off跌落，下降；take off起飛,成功，受歡迎；turn off關(guān)閉；leave off停止，中斷；句意：由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，很多大學生創(chuàng)辦的生意都很成功。根據(jù)句意可知B正確?！咀兪?/p>

32、探究】Mother always complains that children _ their shoes very quickly。Afind out Bwash outCwear out Dset out【答案】C【解析】句意：母親總是抱怨孩子們的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用壞，(使）磨損,符合語境。find out“查明”；wash out“把洗掉;set out“啟程，動身?！九e一反三】Butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect。Acarry on

33、 Bfeed onCput on Dfocus on【答案】B【解析】句意:蝴蝶以花產(chǎn)生的一種甜甜的液體為食，蜜蜂和別的昆蟲則采集這種液體。carry on“繼續(xù)”；feed on“以為食物”；put on“上演，穿上;focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于上)”.根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。高頻考點三 動詞(短語)的熟詞生義例3。The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them。Amake up Buse upCturn down Dbreak down【答案】D【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：

34、這兩個國家將要會面以掃除兩國之間的貿(mào)易障礙。make up“組成，構(gòu)成，編造，虛構(gòu)，和解”；use up“用完,用光”；turn down“拒絕，調(diào)低；break down常見熟義:分解,出故障；生義:掃除（障礙),清除(困難),失敗。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞meet（會面）以及barriers（障礙)可知是掃除障礙?！九e一反三】Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _ the test of time。Afailed BstoodCtaken Dconducted【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析.句意：莎士比亞的作品當今依舊

35、很受歡迎，它的確經(jīng)受住了時間的檢驗。根據(jù)前一句“Shakespeares writing is still popular today.”可推知，后一句意為“莎士比亞的作品經(jīng)受住了(stood)時間的檢驗”。Stand常見熟義：站立，位于；生義：經(jīng)受住，容忍，忍受。Stand the test of time經(jīng)受住了時間的檢驗，故選B項.【變式探究】The athletes years of hard training _when she finally won the Olympic gold medal in the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro.Awen

36、t on Bgot throughCpaid off Dended up【答案】C【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當這個運動員最終在2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運會上獲得奧運會金牌時，她多年的刻苦訓(xùn)練總算得到了回報。Pay off熟義為“還清”，生義為“取得成功，奏效”，符合句意；go on“繼續(xù)下去”;get through“完成,處理”;end up“最終處于?！九e一反三】We all agreed that the cottage would _a perfect holiday home for the family.Amake BturnCtake Dhave【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析

37、.句意：我們都認為這幢小別墅非常適合全家度假時居住。make在此為熟詞生義，表示“適合做，宜用作”，符合題意.1（2019江蘇卷）A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity.Aresembling BreflectingCreviewing Drestoring【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析.句意：城市是人的手和思想的產(chǎn)物，它反映了人類的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。resemble“看起來像”;reflect“反映；review“檢查”;restore“恢復(fù)。2（2019江蘇卷）Mo

38、re wind power stations will _ to meet the demand for clean energy.Atake up Bclear upChold up Dspring up【答案】D【解析】考查動詞短語辨析.句意：為了滿足清潔能源的要求，更多的風力發(fā)電站將涌現(xiàn)出來。take up“占據(jù)，從事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“舉起，阻礙”；spring up“迅速出現(xiàn)，突然興起。3(2019天津卷)Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt _ what he was sayi

39、ng。Aset aside Btake backCmake out Dkeep off【答案】C【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:凱特聽到背景中有一個男人的聲音，但是聽不清他在說什么。A項意為“暫不考慮”;B項意為“收回”;C項意為“聽清；D項意為“使避開”。結(jié)合語境可知，應(yīng)選C。1（2018江蘇卷）Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.Acalls for Bcalls onCcalls off Dcalls up【答案】

40、A【解析】考查動詞短語。句意:開發(fā)長江經(jīng)濟帶是一個系統(tǒng)的工程，它需要一個清晰的陸路交通圖和時間表。call for“需要”符合句意。call on“號召，拜訪；call off“取消”；call up“使回憶起”。2(2018江蘇卷）Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.Aindicate BinvestigateCimitate Dinnovate【答案】C【解析】考查動詞。句意:孩子們不應(yīng)該看暴力影片，因為他們可能會模仿他們看到的內(nèi)容.imitate“模仿”符合

41、句意。indicate“暗示”；investigate“調(diào)查”；innovate“創(chuàng)新”。3.（2018天津卷）It took him a long time to _ the skills he needed to become a good dancer。AdisplayBacquire CteachDtest【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：他花了好長時間學習成為一個優(yōu)秀舞蹈演員所需要的技能。根據(jù)句意,這里應(yīng)該用acquire表示“獲得，學到.4（2018天津卷）At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving， but event

42、ually he _ as she was so confident about her skills.Agave in Bdressed upCbroke in Dturned up【答案】A【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：起初羅伯特不愿意讓女兒去潛水，但是最終他妥協(xié)了，因為她對自己的技術(shù)很自信。從語境的連貫和四個動詞短語的含義判斷,本空選A“屈服，讓步。1。（2017天津）Mr. and Mrs。 Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married， and have kids.A。 settled down B。 keep off C.

43、 get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】句意:布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來,結(jié)婚生子.A。安頓下來；B.遠離；C起床;D。擦嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選A。1?！?016江蘇】Parents should actively urge their children to_the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B。 keep track of C。 take advantage ofD。 give rise to【答案】C【解析】考查短語辨析.動詞短語gain admission to 獲準進入；keep

44、track of記錄；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意:父母親應(yīng)該積極鼓勵孩子抓住機會參加體育活動。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。2?！?016天津】 Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A。 put B。 make C. take D。 give【答案】C【解析】句意:我要利用這次旅行來探索這個城堡的歷史。使用短語take advantage of，意為“利用”，其他選項不能和advantage of搭配。故選C。3?！?016浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite ， rather than _