自考英語二復習資料第四章

1、自考英語二復習資料第四章 HYPERLINK /zikao 自考頻道更新:2023-2-4 編輯:小莫閱讀: HYPERLINK /zikao/g_145_247200-1.htm 2023年自學考試常見問題答疑精選匯總 HYPERLINK /zikao/g_145_246022-1.htm 全國2023年1月自學考試經(jīng)濟類試題匯總 HYPERLINK /zikao/g_145_246021-1.htm 全國2023年1月自學考試文學類試題匯總Learn new words and phrases1. resolve: v 旋轉，常見搭配關系為：resolve around sb/sth圍繞轉

2、。She spends all of her time resolving around her family.The earth resolves around the sun.2. solar: a 太陽的，日光的solar energy太陽能；solar system太陽系；solar month陽歷月3. concerned: a 有關的、擔憂的Her job is something concerned with computer.He is concerned about the result of the exam.4. colored: a 有色的，比照；colorful: a

3、 豐富多彩的I like orange-colored coat.Everybody likes colorful life.5. religion: n 宗教，religious: a 虔誠的；請比照：region: n 地區(qū)；regional: a 地區(qū)的6. circumstance: n 情況、境遇；Under no circumstances can we waste time.7. a great many = a number of = many很多，修飾復數(shù)名詞。而a great deal of + u.nA great many students are absent tod

4、ay.I have wasted a great deal of time.8. above all: 首先、首要After the war, he longed above all to see his wife and family.9. as a rule: 通常、一般而言As a rule, I only watch sports news.Analyze the important sentences among the text:1. First of all, let us consider the earth as a planet revolving around the s

5、un. (p1)譯：首先，讓我們把地球看作是圍繞太陽運行的一顆行星。句子分析：first of all首先，詞組：consider sth as sth把當作，與之類似的詞組還有：look up sth as sth; review sth as sth; treat sth as sth; revolving around the sun是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾a planet。2. These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar system. (p1)譯：這九大行星和太陽一起構成我們所

6、說的太陽系。句子分析：該句主語為：These nine planets；謂語是make up；what is called our solar system是賓語；together with the sun是狀語，而并非句子主語。關于該語法內容請見本講后面的grammar-主謂一致。3. How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery (p1)譯：這個奇妙的星系是怎樣起源的？什么使它保持極其精確的運轉，很大程度上現(xiàn)在還是一個謎

7、。句子分析：這也是一個主語很復雜的句子：How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy是主語，它是一個主語從句。關于該語法內容請見本講后面的grammar-主謂一致。4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. (p4)譯：水域的總面積大約是陸地面積的三倍大。句子分析：該句的核心句型是A + be + 倍數(shù)+ as + adj + as + B.e.g. The Atla

8、ntic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific Ocean.5. These currents are important because they affected the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscope animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes. (p5)譯

9、：這些海洋之所以重要是因為他們影響著所流經(jīng)區(qū)域的附近陸地的氣候，也是因為它們攜帶大量的微生物，植物，而這些構成魚類食品的一大局部。句子分析：這是一個由because引導的主從復合句，其中close to where they flow是定語，修飾the land areas；詞組：large quantities of + c.n/u.n; which forms a large part of the food for fishes是定語從句修飾animal and vegetable life。其中l(wèi)ife是指生命，不可數(shù)名詞。6. The circumstances under whic

10、h different people live make a difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands. (p8)譯：不同民族的生活環(huán)境造就了他們和我們極為不同的生活方式，我們應該做的是去了解他們不同的生活環(huán)境以便

11、可以更好理解其他地區(qū)的人們。句子分析：該句中的under which和in which又是介詞+which的定語從句用法，修飾The circumstances和the way；so that引導的時目的狀語從句。其中：make a diference;使不同，產(chǎn)生差異；business 是指責任；7. Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and th

12、e kind of lives they have to live.譯：其中很重要的實在沒有對于與我們不同的人們和他們必須過的那種生活有大量的了解之前，我們應該防止對他們有先入為主的看法。句子分析：Above all是狀語，意思是最重要的，首先；we主語；should avoid謂語；deciding what we think about people different from ourselves賓語；without first狀語。different from ourselves是定語，修飾people; having learned動名詞的完成時態(tài)，表示這個動作早于deciding發(fā)

13、生。重要詞組：above all; avoid doing; a great deal8. It is true to say that the more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas and as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.譯：確實我們了解其他人越多，我們就越能理解他們的觀點，通常我們就更喜歡那些人。句子分析：該句的主要結構為：the morethe morethe better意思：越就越；如：The longer

14、 you keep this wine, the better it tastes.The busier I am, the happier I am.Grammar 主謂一致主謂一致是指句中的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上須保持一致。我們一般遵從三個原那么：1、 語法一致的原那么：是指主語為單數(shù)或復數(shù)時，其謂語動詞要與其相照應。2、 意義一致的原那么：指謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于主語所表達的概念，而不取決于外表的語法標志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動詞單數(shù)或復數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指具體成員時用復數(shù)。3、 就近原那么：是指謂語動詞單復數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語，而無須考慮其他的

15、詞。主謂一致的熱點1由 many a 或 more than + 單數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.More than one student has visited the exhibition.2“的幾分之幾和“的百分之幾 作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)或復數(shù)取決于 of 后的名詞。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.40 percent of the students in our class are girls.3“a number of +

16、名詞復數(shù)作主語，謂語用復數(shù)；“ the number of + 名詞復數(shù)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。A number of pupils like reading picture-books.The number of the students in our class is 55.4并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時 and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers.5成對的名詞，如bread and but

17、ter涂黃油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water鹽開水等，雖然有and連接，但仍表單一概念，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。A knife and fork is on the table.6由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語的前面分別有each, every或no修飾時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。No student and no teacher is invited to the party.In our country every boy and every girl has right to recei

18、ve education.7主語是單數(shù)，其后跟有together with, along with (與一道)，as well as (和；也)，no less than (和一樣)，rather than (而不)，以及with, not, like, but, except, besides, including 等引起的短語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。He as well as his sister is a League member.8在定語從句中主語是關系代詞who, that, which,謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞的數(shù)一致。I, who am your teacher, will

19、teach you everything I know.9主語是一些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等時，謂語用復數(shù)。但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有a pair of修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。My trousers are being washed now.There is a pair of shoes in the box.10表示度量、價格、時間的復數(shù)名詞詞組作主語時一般被看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Ten dollars is not enough.Three

20、months has passed since he left.11主語是以-ics 結尾的學科名詞以及news, works (工廠)等都屬形式復數(shù)，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞單復數(shù)同形應視具體情況而定。 Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn.A new means of teaching is being used in that school.12主語是用作書名、劇名、報紙名、國名等的復數(shù)名詞，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。 The United States is a developed country.13主語是fam

21、ily, team, group, crowd, class, committee等集合名詞時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式，如指的是全體人員時，謂語用復數(shù)。His family are all music lovers.14“one of + 復數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句之前有the only, the very, the等限定詞和修飾語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。She is the only one of these women who plays the violin.15主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。Half of the visi