閱讀理解長難句破解

1、Welcome中考閱讀理解解題技巧探討 1 World Earth DayPollutions around usThe ways to protect the environment2閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 1.When people live in a polluted area,_. A. they will control the use of alternative energy(替代能源）. B. their health will be in danger. C. they will get stronger and stronger.3哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀

2、理解 Pollution means adding dirty or harmful (有害的）things to land, air, water and so on. As a result, theyare no longer pleasant or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants, and it even makes peoples health in danger. In our daily life, we can see differentkinds of pollution in many places.

3、 There are three main forms of pollution: land pollution, air pollution and water pollution. 1.When people live in a polluted area,_. A. they will control the use of alternative energy(替代能源）. B. their health will be in danger. C. they will get stronger and stronger.4閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 1.When people live in

4、 a polluted area,_. A. they will control the use of alternative energy(替代能源）. B. their health will be in danger. C. they will get stronger and stronger.5哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Pollution means adding dirty or harmful (有害的）things to land, air, water and so on. As a result, theyare no longer pleasant

5、or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants, and it even makes peoples health in danger. In our daily life, we can see differentkinds of pollution in many places. There are three main forms of pollution: land pollution, air pollution and water pollution. _1.When people live in a polluted

6、 area,_. A. they will control the use of alternative energy(替代能源）. B. their health will be in danger. C. they will get stronger and stronger.6閱讀理解解題方法 1.When people live in a polluted area,_. A. they will control the use of alternative energy(替代能源）. B. their health will be in danger. C. they will ge

7、t stronger and stronger.B-細(xì)節(jié)題法細(xì)節(jié)題是中考題型中最常見的一種題型，解題方法：直接到原文中找出與題中答案意思和句型模式一樣的句子。7閱讀理解解題方法與技巧2.The underlined word “ solid ” in the passage means “ _ ” in Chinese. A. 氣體 B. 液體 C. 固體8哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles and some plastic things which are

8、nt broken down quickly. It makes the environment lookvery bad. However air pollution is more serious than land pollution. It is much worse in cities and towns.Because of the fumes (廢氣）from traffic and the waste from human(人類的）activities. When people drive their cars, fumes which are most made up of

9、CO2, NO2 and SO2 are given off. After the gases get into the air, they may mix with clouds. Then they willbecome some harmful chemicals falling on the ground. 9閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles and some plastic thingswhich arent broken down quickly.1.The unde

10、rlined word “ solid ” in the passage means “ _ ” in Chinese. A. 氣體 B. 液體 C. 固體solid10閱讀理解解題方法 Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles and some plastic thingswhich arent broken down quickly.1.The underlined word “ solid ” in the passage means “ _ ” in Chinese. A. 氣體 B. 液體 C. 固體

11、C-猜詞法 猜詞法要求通過因果關(guān)系，同反義詞，構(gòu)詞法 ，定義 ，句法功能，描述等方法猜詞。本題屬于描述猜詞法。11閱讀理解解題方法猜詞法示例 1. You shouldnt have blamed him for that, for it wasnt his mistake.(因果關(guān)系) 2.But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. then there is a dry period, or drought. (定義或釋義關(guān)系) 3. With the help of spaceships, man has known somet

12、hing about the planets (星球) Mars，Venus ，and Jupiter . (同義詞關(guān)系) 4.Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. (句法功能) 12閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 3.Which of the following is TRUEaccording to the passage?There are only three forms of pollution. All the solid waste can make the

13、 land polluted. C. China wants to develop other kinds of energy.13哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Pollution means adding dirty or harmful (有害的）things to land, air, water and so on. As a result, theyare no longer pleasant or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants, and it even makes peoples heal

14、th in danger. In our daily life, we can see differentkinds of pollution in many places. There are three main forms of pollution: land pollution, air pollution and water pollution. There are only three forms of pollution.14閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 3.Which of the following is TRUEaccording to the passage?There are

15、 only three forms of pollution. All the solid waste can make the land polluted. C. China wants to develop other kinds of energy.F15哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles and some plastic things which arent broken down quickly. It makes the environment

16、lookvery bad. However air pollution is more serious than land pollution. It is much worse in cities and towns.Because of the fumes (廢氣）from traffic and the waste from human(人類的）activities. When people drive their cars, fumes which are most made up of CO2, NO2 and SO2 are given off. After the gases g

17、et Into the air, they may mix with clouds. Then they willBecome some harmful chemicals falling on the ground. 16閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 3.Which of the following is TRUEaccording to the passage?There are only three forms of pollution. All the solid waste can make the land polluted. C. China wants to develop othe

18、r kinds of energy.FF17哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Various kinds of pollution will cause many healthproblems. People have realized they must change thisserious situation. There are many ways to control pollution. To develop alternative energy（替代能源）is very popular in many countries. China has made upits m

19、ind to be a leader in this field. It is trying hard tomake full use of energy from the sun and wind. It haspaid more money to make electric cars and trains instead of traditional traffic. _18閱讀理解解題與技巧 China has made up its mind to be a leaderin this field. It is trying hard to make full use of energ

20、y from the sun and wind. It has paid more money to make electric cars and trainsinstead of traditional traffic._ Summary: China develops many/some kinds of energy （to take the place of traditional source）19閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 3.Which of the following is TRUEaccording to the passage?There are only three form

21、s of pollution. All the solid waste can make land pollution. C. China wants to develop other kinds of energy.FF-歸納法歸納法就是將文章中紛繁而復(fù)雜的意思表達(dá)歸結(jié)為一的一種方法。T20閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 5. The main idea of this passage should be_ A. to introduce the kinds of pollution and the ways to control it. B. to introduce the harmful ch

22、emicals. C. to introduce the alternative energy.21哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Pollution means adding dirty or harmful (有害的）things to land, air, water and so on. As a result, theyare no longer pleasant or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants, and it even makes peoples health in danger. In

23、 our daily life, we can see differentkinds of pollution in many places. There are three main forms of pollution: land pollution, air pollution and water pollution. 22哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Various kinds of pollution will cause many healthproblems. People have realized they must change thisserious s

24、ituation. There are many ways to control pollution. To develop alternative energy（替代能源）is very popular in many countries. China has made upits mind to be a leader in this field. It is trying hard tomake full use of energy from the sun and wind. It haspaid more money to make electric cars and trains

25、instead of traditional traffic. We should also take actionto make our environment cleaner every day.23閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 5. The main idea of this passage should be_ A. to introduce the kinds of pollution and the ways to control it. B. to introduce the harmful chemicals. C. to introduce the alternative ener

26、gy.標(biāo)題法 標(biāo)題法就是要求學(xué)生搜索文章的首尾句（段落首尾句）來形成文章標(biāo)題的方法。A24 閱讀理解解題方法與技巧之達(dá)標(biāo)檢測： In the USA, about 450,000 school buses take more than 25 million children to and from school. The yellowschool bus is a US icon. Yellow became the color of school buses in the USA in 1939. Dr Frank got the goodidea. He said it was easy

27、for people to see yellow busesand the black letters on them in early morning or late afternoon. That would make children safer.Question: According to Dr Frank, _ school buses are safer for the students. A. yellow B. black C. white D. colorful25 閱讀理解解題方法與技巧之達(dá)標(biāo)檢測： Kindergarten(幼兒園）is a difficult time

28、for somekids. Its the first time for them to go away from theirparents. To make kids love their school, Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses. The buses can easily make children want to take them to goto school. Even some parents want to take them, too!Question: Children in Japan ma

29、y easily_ by taking the school bus. A. save time B. love their school C. play games D. do their homework26 閱讀理解解題方法與技巧之達(dá)標(biāo)檢測： School buses are becoming more and more popularIn China now. It saves a lot of time for students to take aschool. Its said that there will be 3,000 yellow schoolbuses on the r

30、oad by the end of this year in Chongqing. Question: Chinese students will save a lot of time to _ to school. A. walk B. take a taxi C. ride a bike D. take a school bus27 閱讀理解解題方法與技巧之達(dá)標(biāo)檢測： A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the correct time and is never late for anything.Question:

31、The Chinese meaning of the word “punctual” in this passage is “ _ ”. A. 聽話的 B. 守時的 C. 守紀(jì)律的 D. 能干的28 Homework: 人類活動(human activities)使得我們賴以生存的地球環(huán)境變得惡化，作為一名中學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該做點什么來保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境呢？請你以 Better City, Better Life 為題目做一篇作文。（60-80詞）參考詞匯： 1.lack of 2.seriously 3.protect the environment 4. Reduce the pollution 5

32、.Its our duty to. 29閱讀理解解題方法之長句、難句破解 When people drive their cars, fumes whichare most made up of CO2, NO2 and SO2 are given off.長句難句解法二：主從復(fù)合句的分解法。1.People drive their cars.2.Fumes are made up of CO2, NO2 and SO2.3.CO2, NO2 and SO2 are given off.30哈爾濱市2012年初中升學(xué)考試英語試卷閱讀理解 Various kinds of pollution w

33、ill cause many healthproblems. People have realized they must change thisserious situation. There are many ways to control pollution. To develop alternative energy（替代能源）is very popular in many countries. China has made upits mind to be a leader in this field. It is trying hard tomake full use of ene

34、rgy from the sun and wind. It haspaid more money to make electric cars and trains instead of traditional traffic.31閱讀理解解題方法之長句、難句破解 China has made up its mind to be a leaderin this field. It is trying hard to make full use of energy from the sun and wind. It has paid more money to make electric cars

35、 and trainsinstead of traditional traffic.長句難句解法三：合意法。 China pays money to make cars and trains from sun and wind. 32閱讀理解解題方法之長句、難句破解 Various kinds of pollution will cause many health problems. People have realized they must change this serious situation. There aremany ways to control pollution.長句難句

36、解法三：通過上下文猜句（意）法。 1. pollutionhealth3. ways stop2. People know they need some ways to stop pollution.33閱讀理解解題方法之長句、難句破解 1.長難句的語法分析: 核心思想就是“提取”，再復(fù)雜的句子也是由一個一個部分組合而來。包括詞，短語等。從造句角度來講包括主，謂，賓等等。通過提取這些載體來獲得需要的意思。（1）關(guān)鍵詞法 （2）主從句分解法34閱讀理解解題方法之長句、難句破解 2.長難句的語義分析： 根據(jù)我們的語言經(jīng)驗，忽略文章中出現(xiàn)的語法問題，快速地瀏覽全文，找出零碎的信息，通過邏輯思維把他們

37、拼湊成完整的有機(jī)信息。( 1 ) 通過上下文猜句（意）法 ( 2 ) 合意法35(1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _.(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _.(3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.(4) Here “it” means_.4. 考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。 此類題目主要考查的是句與句之間，短語短之間的邏輯關(guān)系，其主要提問方式是：36Man

38、y visitors come to the writers city to _.(2) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _.(3) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?5. 考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識進(jìn)行推理和判 斷的能力。 此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是：37We can guess the writer of the letter may

39、 be a _.(2) We can infer from the text that _.(3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs.(4) From the story we can guess _.(5) What would be happy if ?6. 考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。其主要提問方式是：(1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?(2) The writer writes

40、 this text to _.(3) The writer believes that _.(4) The writer suggests that _.38二、閱讀理解題的方法和技巧 1如何獲取段落的主旨和大意？ 最有效的辦法是找出主題句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是圍繞一個中心意思展開的。而這個中心意思往往由一個句子來概括。這個能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主題句。因此，理解一個段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要學(xué)會尋找主題句。在一篇短文或一個段落中，大部分主題句的情況有三種： （1）主題句在段首或篇首。 主題句在段首或篇首的情況相當(dāng)普遍。一般新聞報道、說明文， 議論文大都采用先總述，

41、后分述的敘事方法。 39例如：2003年陜西省英語中考試題閱讀材料B的第一段： All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eat

42、en. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物鏈)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears 59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things

43、40評析：找出主題句即第一句。這個句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都離不開其它的生物”。后面講述了大量的事實，“大部分動物必須成群的生活，甚至一種植物也要和其它同類的植物靠在一起生長。有時一種生物殺死另一種生物，一種生物吃另一種生物，而另一種生物被吃”。在列舉了大量的事實之后，作者指出：如果這些食物鏈中的一個鏈環(huán)消失，所有的食物都會斷掉。所有這些事實都是圍繞第一個句子展開的。根據(jù)主題句的意思，我們可以很容易判斷： Food Chains（2）主題句在段末或篇末。 用歸納法寫文章時，往往表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。這種位于段末或篇末的主題句往往是對前面細(xì)節(jié)

44、的總結(jié)，歸納或結(jié)論。例如2002年陜西省中考試題閱讀材料A的最后一段：41 If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit bett

45、er. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.42評析：這段文章前面列舉了兩件事實：如果你買一些制作優(yōu)良的衣服，你會省錢，因為這些衣服能穿得時間長一些。即使他們洗了很多次，仍然看起來很好。有時有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味著這些衣服做得更好。最后一句話是對這兩個事實的概括：有些價錢便宜的衣服比價錢貴的衣服更好看，更合身。段末這個句子就是主題句。（3）無主題句有時，一篇文章里并沒有明顯的主題句。這時我們應(yīng)該怎樣來確定文章的主題或中心意思呢？其實這也不難

46、。我們可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是圍繞一個中心來展開的，或者說是來說明一個問題的。這個中心或這個問題就是這篇文章的主題或中心意思。請看2004年江西省中考試題閱讀理解A:43 Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bee

47、s. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside. Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then

48、they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years. 44 Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many m

49、ore times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person. Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United Stat

50、es. People can do nothing but wait. 在這篇短文的后面就出了一道這樣的閱讀理解題：59. The best title of the passage is _. A. How to make more honey B. Killer bees C. A foolish scientist D. How to feed killer beesB45評析：這篇短文就沒有主題句，那末怎樣來確定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的說明，我們可以得出每一段的大意：第一段講的是“killer bees”的產(chǎn)生。第二段講的是“killer bees” 的急劇增加。第三段講的是人們害怕

51、“killer bees”的原因。第四段講的是“killer bees”已經(jīng)殺死的人數(shù)和將來的狀況。 從這幾段的大意可以看出這篇文章自始至終都是圍繞“killer bees”這一中心展開的。換句話說，“killer bees”就是這篇文章的主題。462如何根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義？猜測詞義也是一種英語閱讀能力。英語閱讀理解試題中有不少這樣的題目。任何一個實詞，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個確定的詞義。所謂上下文(context),正如英語辭典所解釋的，其作用就是幫助確定上下文中的詞、短語或句子的意義。據(jù)此，我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義，即從已知推求未知，也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我

52、們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義時，我們可以從三個方面來考慮：1）根據(jù)上下文已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理。2）運用語法知識進(jìn)行語法分析。3）依靠常識和經(jīng)驗做出判斷。 47（1）根據(jù)上下文已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理猜測義：例1：甘肅省2002年中考英語試題閱讀材料B: A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短語). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”. Now

53、when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag.” 短文后面有一個理解題目： John “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag” means he _. A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bagA48評析：在這篇文章里，“l(fā)et the cat out of the bag”雖然是一個新出現(xiàn)的短語，但緊接著后面就給出

54、解釋It is the same as “to tell a secret”. 例2：2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題閱讀材料 As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in to

55、wn. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well. 文章后面有這樣一道題：53. In the text, “put an end to” means “_”. A. stop B. cut C. kill D. flyA49 評析： 根據(jù)文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他們肯定會去制止。因為制止打架斗毆是警察的職責(zé)。例3：福州市2004年中考英語試題的閱讀材料There is a place on our earth where ho

56、t water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. 文章后面有這樣一道題： What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?A. 自來水 B. 大氣 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽 D評析：從語法上看，steam和hot water是并列關(guān)系，我們就以斷定這兩種東西是相關(guān)的，是同一類第物質(zhì)。在所給第四個選項中只有“蒸汽”有這種可能。503如何確定細(xì)節(jié)和事

57、實？ 在閱讀理解題目中，有相當(dāng)一部分是考查細(xì)節(jié)和事實的題目。這類題目相對容易一些。這些題目有兩個共同特點：（1）凡屬針對特定細(xì)節(jié)的考題，其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對應(yīng)的文字部分作為驗證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語，也可能是一個句子或相關(guān)的若干句子，但句式、用詞和表達(dá)方式不同。（2）干擾項往往是主體思想與細(xì)節(jié)混雜，正確答案細(xì)節(jié)和非正確答案的細(xì)節(jié)混雜，甚至真假混雜。因此，要做好閱讀理解中的確定細(xì)節(jié)和事實的題目，一要在文章中找出相應(yīng)的信息點，二要排除干擾項。請看2003年陜西省中考英語試題閱讀理解題第48小題：51What do plants make food from? They mak

58、e food from _.sunlight, water and things in the soil and airB. water, sunlight and things in the soilC. water and things in the soil and airD. water, sunlight and things in the soil評析：這一小題考查的就是文章的細(xì)節(jié)和事實。這一細(xì)節(jié)和事實的表述在文章中可以直接找到：Plants are “factories”. They make food from sunlight, water and things in the

59、 soil and air. 524如何進(jìn)行推斷？ 所謂推斷，就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分，從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。 中考英語試題中的推斷題很多，包括的面也很大。其類型主要有以下幾種：（1）事實推斷：這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細(xì)節(jié)，是比較簡單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。 請看2002年南京市中考英語試題閱讀理解第14小題 53 According to the passage, which of the fol

60、lowing can you most possibly watch on TV?You often play football with your friends after school.B. Your teacher has got a cold.C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.D. The bike in front of your house is lost. 在閱讀材料中，有這樣一段文字： Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unu