高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)總結(jié)及真題解析

1、考點(diǎn)20 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句高考頻度：考向二 主語(yǔ)從句 1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。2.that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，that不可省；what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示的東西時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。That she will succeed is certain.常見的it替代that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的句式主要有以下幾種：(1)It系動(dòng)詞形容詞(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，cer

2、tain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that從句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that從句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe過(guò)去分詞(said，told，heard，reported，decided，sug

3、gested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that從句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊動(dòng)詞(seem，appear，happen，matter)that從句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.It is certain that she will succeed.注意：(1

4、)在It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)常用(should)動(dòng)詞原形形式。【拓展延伸】主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞作用引導(dǎo)詞作用that無(wú)詞義，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，但不能省略how多么，怎樣，作方式狀語(yǔ)或程度狀語(yǔ)who誰(shuí)，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)when何時(shí)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)whom誰(shuí)，作賓語(yǔ)where在哪兒，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)what什么，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)why為什么，作原因狀語(yǔ)which哪一個(gè)，哪些，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)whether是否【特別注意】當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的句子太長(zhǎng)時(shí)，為保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)置后。if是否，不

5、可直接引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以) 。3. 主語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法（1）主語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. 所有需要的都被買了。（2）幾個(gè)特殊句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.眾所周知，中國(guó)已加

6、入WTO。4. 從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題(1)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他們不去看電影，這使我們感到很驚訝。(2)what引導(dǎo)的從向作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù);若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。What she said is wrong.她所說(shuō)的是錯(cuò)誤的。What we need are books.我們所需要的是書籍。1.(2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins

7、 the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：無(wú)論誰(shuí)獲得自行車比賽第一名，金牌將授予他。分析句子可知，賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故用whoever，表示“任何人，無(wú)論誰(shuí)”。故選C。2.（2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. who

8、mever D. whichever【參考答案】B【答案解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_ makes the most beautiful kite作主語(yǔ)，且所填詞指人，既作從句的主語(yǔ)又作主句的主語(yǔ)，所以選 whoever(whomever不能作主語(yǔ))。句意：每年， 在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上風(fēng)箏做得最漂亮的人都會(huì)贏得獎(jiǎng)品。3.（2016江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that【參考答案】D【答案解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。本句中it是形

9、式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是連接詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，連接詞that在本句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞而已，不能省略。連接副詞why要在句中作狀語(yǔ)，連接代詞what通常在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等；as通常不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。句意：對(duì)于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實(shí)。故D正確?？枷蛩谋碚Z(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有：連接詞：that，whether連接代詞：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever連接副詞：when，where，how，why 1. 連接詞引導(dǎo)The reason for his absence

10、is that he hasnt been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他沒(méi)接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問(wèn)題還是他們能否幫我們。2. 連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接管這家店鋪。That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到新聞工作的重要性。注意：（1）as/as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常跟在特定

11、動(dòng)詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽上去好像有人在敲門。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word. 當(dāng)時(shí)我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。（2）當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，這種用法常見于句型The reason why. is that. The reason why he came late was that he got

12、up late. 他來(lái)得晚是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹恕?表語(yǔ)從句的三個(gè)易混句式句式用法例句This/That is why+結(jié)果意為這那就是.to work there. 那就是的原因，why 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Thats why I want you to work there.我想要你在那兒工作的原因。This/That/It is because +原因意為這/那是因?yàn)?，because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Its just because he |doesnt know her. 這這僅僅是因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)識(shí)她 。The reason why. is that.意為.的原因是”，why定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞reaso

13、n, that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。The reason why he didnt come was that it was raining heavily.他沒(méi)有來(lái)的原因是 (當(dāng)時(shí))雨下得很大。1.(2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：沒(méi)有他的支持，我們是不會(huì)在現(xiàn)在這個(gè)位置的。how表方式，when表時(shí)間，where表地點(diǎn)，why表原因?！癬 we are now”是表語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合句子的意思可知，該處指我們所

14、處的位置，故該從句應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。C選項(xiàng)正確。2.（2016北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【參考答案】 B【試題解析】 考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：雨季最令人愉悅的就是人們可以完全不再受到灰塵的困擾。is后跟從句作表語(yǔ)，即表語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句不缺少主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，因此用that，that只起引導(dǎo)作用，故選B?？枷蛭?同位語(yǔ)從句1. 同位語(yǔ)從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)

15、容。同位語(yǔ)從句常跟在名詞idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名詞之后；2. 連接詞that不能省略，無(wú)意義無(wú)成分； 3. 用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句；4. 連接代詞who(m), which, what，whose在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；5. 連接副詞where, when, why, how在從句作狀語(yǔ)。6.分割式同位語(yǔ)從句：同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)被別的詞或短語(yǔ)把它和名詞隔開：（謂語(yǔ)較短，同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)）。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with th

16、at sword.7.若被同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的名詞是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建議), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建議、命令、要求的詞時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用(should)+do。8.區(qū)別由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句中的that是代詞，可在從句中作主、賓、表；同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，無(wú)成分無(wú)意義；定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞即先行詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)。在名詞和從句之間加be, 使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通

17、順，則是同位語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句是不能用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來(lái)的。1.（2019新課標(biāo)I卷語(yǔ)法填空）While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【參考答案】that【答案解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。2. (2019江蘇T25) Scien

18、tists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)獲得更多證據(jù)，塑料正在進(jìn)入人們的體內(nèi)。從句不缺句子成分，且與evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。故選B。2. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyo

19、ne else on the sports field.how B. thatC. whichD. whether【參考答案】B【答案解析】 句意：最高水平成功的唯一途徑是得有一個(gè)總的信念，那就是在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上你比任何人都強(qiáng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 you are better than anyone else on the sports field是同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)belief進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，從句不缺句子成分，故用連接詞that引導(dǎo)，答案為B。3.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking Universi

20、ty.A. which B. that C. what D. where【參考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。本題屬于分割式同位語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)came較短，同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，名詞和同位語(yǔ)從句被from the school office 分開，that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解釋news的內(nèi)容，在句中起引導(dǎo)作用，沒(méi)有具體的意思。故選B。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)I單句語(yǔ)法填空1_ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.2Children should be r

21、eminded of _ they should do in public places.3Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact _ he doesnt have what it takes to be a professional.4Success partially depends on _ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.5I lost my cell phone yesterday. Can you tell me _ I can buy one?6It never

22、occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.7_ breaks the law will be punished.8She will give _ needs help a warm support.9I have no idea _ the girl is doing in her room now.10_ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions. 11

23、Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.12It shocked the world _ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.13I need help now

24、! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but Im not sure _ I should begin.14Forty grams of meat per day is _ people should consume in order to stay fit.15The famous player tried again and again after each failure. Thats _ he succeeded at last.16The retired engineer is showing _ the wheelchair c

25、limbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know. 17It hasnt been made clear _ the new underground line is to be open to traffic.18The problem is _ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have.1

26、9Ten percent of life is _ happens to you and ninety percent is _ you respond to it.20After a days exhausting climb we arrived at _ we had been told was Garden in the Air.21Sometimes, _ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.22It remains to be seen _ th

27、is plan is practical enough to keep the project going.23Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten courses, and you are required to choose _ suits you best. 24It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. Its _ their habitats or homelands are disappearing. 25I just

28、wonder _ it is that all the villagers think highly of him. 26If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose _ you have already filled out on this form.27_ theyve managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us.28A proposal was put forward at the meeting

29、_ the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school.29The most exciting moment was _ I was given the first prize.30They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing money in that project. II單句改錯(cuò)1The fact when he had not said anything surprised me.2That the fat boy needs is much more

30、practice.3That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather.4The reason why she doesnt like me is I make her angry.5I have been worrying about if I have hurt Marys feelings.6That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word.7Its no longer a question now whether man can land o

31、n the moon.8The real reason why I dont have a hobby is because I dont have time.9The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country. 10The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad. 11Mary is a humorous and warmhearted woman and that is because she is a most po

32、pular person in her community.12The question is if they will be able to help us.13In the office an electrical engineer is looking through the instructions to know whether the heat system works.14I know nothing about him except he is from the south. 15He says the book is very interesting, and all the

33、 children love to read it. 題組二 能力提升1. 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。One Saturday afternoon，my mother was driving home. On the halfway，after pulling out her credit card to buy something at the store near the gas station，she put her wallet on _1_ top of her car just for a moment _2_(answer) my ph

34、one call. And then obviously，she forgot and drove off. When arriving home，she realized that and thought the chance _3_getting it again was small.She was so joyfully surprised when she found a note _4_(stick)on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier. Pa

35、trick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle of the road a few blocks from the gas station. They stopped their car to pick it up. It was filled with all the things one_5_(natural)kept in a wallet，some bills and some cash included. However，no phone number，regardless of this，they_6_(manage)to get

36、an address from my mothers driving licence，and without hesitation，they decided to drive to our home to return it.When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so _7_(relief) and grateful. She intended to give them some money as an _8_(express) of gratitude，but they refused，saying that they were just

37、 glad to offer my mother help.They were honest，and they had firm faith in the Golden Rule as well. They drove to our home because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience_9_the loss of a wallet and all its contents could cause. I think they were really_10_(consider) and helpful.2. 閱讀下面材料,在空

38、白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A motorcycle, also_1_ (call)a motorbike, bike, or cycle, is a two-or three-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycle design varies greatly_2_(suit)a range of different purposes: long distance travel, commuting, cruising, and sports including racing and off-road riding. Motorcycling

39、 is about riding a motorcycle and some related _3_(society)activities such as joining a motorcycle club and _4_(attend)motorcycle rallies(拉力賽車)In 1894, Hildebrand&. Wolfmuller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first tobe called a motorcycle. In 2012, the three top motorcycle pro

40、ducers globally by volume_5_(be) Honda from Japan, Bajaj Auto and Hero MotoCorp,_6_were from India.The motorcycle is a kind of luxury goods in the developed world, where they are used mostly for leisure, as a lifestyle accessory or a symbol of personal identity. In developing countries, motorcycles

41、are _7_ (extreme)practical due to lower prices and greater fuel economy. _8_all the motorcycles in the world, 58%are in the Asia Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia _9_ (region), except car-centric Japan.However, there is data that people should pay attention to. According to the United States Dep

42、artment of Transportation, _10_number of deaths caused by motorcycles was 37 times larger than cars.3. 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, _1_ co-fou

43、nded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as _2_ first editor-in-chief. He _3_ (be) Hong Kongs most famous writer.His wuxia novels have a widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works _4_ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the g

44、reatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million _5_ (copy) of his works have been sold worldwide. According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature, Jin Yongs Novels are _6_ (high) evaluated and are able

45、to appeal to both highbrow and lowbrow tastes. His works have the unusual ability _7_ (go) beyond geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving _8_ (great) success than any other contemporary writer.His works _9_ (translate) into many languages includin

46、g English, French, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Burmese, Malay and Indonesian. There are many fans outside of Chinese-speaking areas, as a result of the numerous adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games.The asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named

47、 _10_ him.Jin Yong is named along with Gu Long and Liang Yusheng as the “Three Legs of the Tripod of Wuxia”.題組三 體驗(yàn)真題1.（2019新課標(biāo)I卷語(yǔ)法填空）While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.2. (2019江蘇T25) Scientists have

48、 obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where3.(2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever4.(2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are n

49、ow.A. how B. when C. where D. why5.（2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)I單句語(yǔ)法填空1. 答案：That空格處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。從句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此用that引導(dǎo)該主語(yǔ)從句。2答案：what句意：應(yīng)該提醒孩子們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所應(yīng)該做些什么。所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ)，意為“的事

50、情”，故用what。3答案：that句意：迪克喜歡畫畫，但他知道自己沒(méi)有成為一名專業(yè)畫家所需要的(素質(zhì))。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明fact的具體內(nèi)容。4答案：whether根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；根據(jù)句意可判斷，設(shè)空處意為“是否”，其前有介詞on，故填 whether。5答案：wherewhere引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。6答案：thatit為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的從句，從句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此用that。7答案：Whoever句意：無(wú)論誰(shuí)違法都將受到懲罰。主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指人，并且表泛指，故用whoever。8答案：whoever句意：凡是需要

51、幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。由句意可知，應(yīng)填whoever，在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。9答案：what句意：我不知道那個(gè)女孩現(xiàn)在在房間里干什么。由句意可知，應(yīng)填what，在同位語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，且意為“的事情”。10 答案：What分析句子成分可知，主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且指事物，因此用what。11答案：when句意：土豆被引入歐洲的確切時(shí)間不能確定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處為主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，從around 1565判斷，這里指時(shí)間，故填when。12答案：that句意：令世界震驚的是，美國(guó)退出了它所承諾的一些主要協(xié)議，包括2015年巴黎氣候變化協(xié)定和2015年伊朗核

52、協(xié)議。此處it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。13答案：where句意：我現(xiàn)在需要幫助！我不得不修理洗手間里一個(gè)正在漏水的管子，但是我不確定我應(yīng)該從何處著手。此處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“在哪里”，故填where。14答案：what句意：為了保持健康，人們每天應(yīng)該消耗40克肉。“_ people should consume”是表語(yǔ)從句，該從句中，consume缺少賓語(yǔ)，且表示“所的東西”，故要用what引導(dǎo)該從句。15答案：why句意：每次失敗后，這位著名的球員一次又一次地嘗試。那就是為什么他最終成功了(的原因)。設(shè)空處后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，用why引導(dǎo)從句，表示結(jié)果，故填why。1

53、6 答案：how句意：這位退休的工程師正在展示輪椅如何爬樓梯，這是所有有好奇心的游客想知道的。由句意可知填how，意為“怎么，如何”。這是how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。17答案：when句意：新的地鐵線路何時(shí)開放還不清楚。由句意可知填when。這是when引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，it是形式主語(yǔ)。18答案：that句意：?jiǎn)栴}是，有時(shí)候當(dāng)我們不斷地被給予某些東西時(shí)，我們就認(rèn)為這是理所當(dāng)然的，從而忘記了要對(duì)我們已經(jīng)擁有的東西應(yīng)該心存感恩。設(shè)空處后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，由于從句中成分完整，因此應(yīng)用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)，that在從句中只起連接作用，不作任何成分。19答案：what; how句意：生活的百分之十是事件本身，另有百分之

54、九十在于你如何回應(yīng)它。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一空引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，意為“什么事”，因此應(yīng)用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)；第二空也引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中成分齊全，因此應(yīng)用how，表方式。20答案：what句意：經(jīng)過(guò)一天筋疲力盡的攀爬，我們終于到了那個(gè)被稱為“空中花園”的地方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，at為介詞，后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，“we had been told”為插入語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)，且在句中意為“的事物(東西)”，故用what。21答案：how句意：有時(shí)我們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)對(duì)一個(gè)人的感激之情會(huì)體現(xiàn)在招待他或她的食物種類上。此處用how，表方式，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。22答案：whether句意：這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否足夠可

55、行來(lái)讓這個(gè)工程繼續(xù)下去，還有待于進(jìn)一步觀察。whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，it是形式主語(yǔ)。23 答案：whichever句意：一些夏令營(yíng)可以提供多達(dá)10門課程，你可以從中選擇最適合自己的課程。choose后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且前句提到范圍即“as many as ten courses”，故此處表示你最喜歡的任何一門，故填whichever。24 答案：because句意：據(jù)報(bào)道大部分鳥類正面臨危險(xiǎn)。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兊臈⒌鼗蚣覉@正在消失。空格處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知前后兩句表示因果關(guān)系，故使用because。25 答案：why句意：我就是想知道為什么所有的村民對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)這么高。wo

56、nder后面用why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。26答案：whatever句意：如果你留下這個(gè)申請(qǐng)表不填，而去另一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，你將會(huì)丟失你在這個(gè)表格中已填好的任何東西。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，意為“任何”，故填whatever。27答案：How句意：他們是怎樣如此快速地把一切做完的我們還不清楚。主語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，且由“managed to get everything finished”可知，空格處表示方式，因此填How。28答案：that句意：一個(gè)建議在會(huì)上被提出來(lái)，新水泥廠不應(yīng)該建在學(xué)校附近。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，用以解釋說(shuō)明名詞proposal。29答案：when句意：我最興

57、奮的時(shí)刻是我獲得第一名的時(shí)候。根據(jù)句中的“exciting moment”可知，此處用when引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。30They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing money in that project. II單句改錯(cuò)1答案：whenthat本句中含有同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明fact的內(nèi)容，從句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，故引導(dǎo)詞用that。2答案：ThatWhatis前面的句子是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少needs的賓語(yǔ)，且意為“的事物(東西)”，因此應(yīng)用what。3答案：ThatWhether句意：我們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里

58、取決于天氣。whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，本句中的主語(yǔ)從句缺少表示“是否”的連接詞，故將That改為Whether。4答案：is后加thatis后是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此應(yīng)用that。表語(yǔ)從句中that不能省略?！癟he reason why . is that .”是一固定句型，意為“的原因是”。5答案：ifwhether賓語(yǔ)從句位于介詞之后，表“是否”時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)，不能用if。6答案：ThatWhat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且意為“的事情”，應(yīng)用What。7答案：whetherthat句意：現(xiàn)在，人類是否能登上月球已經(jīng)不再是一個(gè)

59、問(wèn)題了。句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句，從句中不缺成分。8答案：becausethat句意：我沒(méi)有愛好的真正的原因是我沒(méi)時(shí)間。表語(yǔ)從句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此應(yīng)用that。The reason why . is that . “的原因是”。9 答案：news后加that句意：他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了全國(guó)。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋前面的news 的內(nèi)容，that不能省略。10 答案：whowhoever句意：組織者承諾無(wú)論誰(shuí)獲得一等獎(jiǎng)都會(huì)有出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。在題干中，promise后面跟的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，who指具體的“誰(shuí)”，與題意不符；whoever是“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”

60、之意，相當(dāng)于anyone who，可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，與題意相符。11答案：becausewhy句意：瑪麗是一個(gè)很幽默而且很熱心的女人，這就是她為什么會(huì)成為社區(qū)里非常受歡迎的人。that is后引導(dǎo)的從句作is的表語(yǔ)，表結(jié)果，故用why。12答案：ifwhether句意：?jiǎn)栴}是他們是否能幫我們。本句中包含表語(yǔ)從句，if不連接表語(yǔ)從句，故將if改為whether。13答案：whetherhow句意：辦公室里一名電氣工程師正在瀏覽說(shuō)明書為了弄明白供熱系統(tǒng)是如何工作的。know后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，連接詞在從句中表示方式。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)將whether改為how。14 答案：except后