重慶中考英語閱讀理解語篇結構題

1、 根據(jù)大綱要求的閱讀能力，考生應該做到:1理解主旨的能力2理解文章具體信息的能力3理解語篇的結構和上下文的邏輯關系4根據(jù)上下文推斷重要生詞或詞組的含義5進行一定的判斷和推理6理解作者的寫作意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。閱讀能力訓練專題（三）理解語篇的結構和上下文的邏輯關系結構題答題策略：勾劃出每段的主題句理清文章脈絡。信息還原題：對段落進行歸納注意上下文的銜接過渡（1）IfEnglishmeansendlessnewwords,difficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciation,youarewrong.Haventyounoticedthatyouhavebe

2、comesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage?AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishteam,learningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymattermore.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles.Thest

3、udyalsofoundtheyoungerthepeoplearewhentheystartlearningasecondlanguage,thegreatertheeffectis.TheteamledbyDrAndreaMechelli,fromUniversityCollegeLondon,tookagroupofBritonswhoonlyspokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupof“earlybilingualswholearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffive,aswellasanumberoflaterle

4、arners.Scansshowedthatgreymatterinthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguage.“Ourstudiessuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecondlanguage,saidthescientists.Hisfindingswerealsomatchedinsomeotherstudies.ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofW

5、ales,hasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualismandmathskills.“Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible（靈活的），”hesaid.“Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas.AnothersimilarconclusionisdrawninastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearned

6、Englishasasecondlanguagebetweentheagesoftwoand34.Reading,writing,andcomprehensionwerealltested.Theresultsshowedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearn,thebetter.“Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentrancetoanotherworld,explainedthescientists.60.Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?（=Par

7、a.1=Para.2=Para.3=Para.4=Para.5=Para.6）A.;B.;C.;D.;（3）“Ithurtsmemorethanyouand“Thisisforyourowngood一thesearethestatementsmymotherusedtomakeyearsagowhenIhadtolearnLatin,cleanmyroom,stayhomeanddohomework.Thatwasbeforeweenteredthepermissiveperiodineducationinwhichwedecideditwasallrightnottopushourchild

8、rentoachievetheirbestinschool.Inotherwords,childrenareallowedtodowhattheylikeinthisperiod.Theschoolsandtheeducatorsmadeiteasyforus.Theytaughtthatitwasallrighttobeparentswhotakealet-alonepolicy（隨意政策）.Westoppedmakingourchildrendohomework.Wegavethemcalculators（計算器）,turnedonthetelevisiontoooften,leftthe

9、teachingtotheteachersandwentonvacation.Now,childrenhavebeendevelopingattheirownpace（步伐）forthepast15years.55.OnesuchteacherisSharonKlompuswhothinksherstudents“sopassive被動）”andwonderswhathashappened.Television,saysKlompus,leadstochildrenspassivity.“Weretalkingaboutageneration（一代）ofkidswhoveneverbeenhu

10、rtorhungry.Theyhavelearnedsomebodywillalwaysdoitforthem.Insteadofsayinggoandlookitup,youtellthemtheanswer.Ittakesgreaterenergytosaynotoakid.”Yes,itdoes.Ittakesenergyandittakeswork.Itstimeforparentstoendtheirvacationandcomebacktowork.Itstimetotakethecaraway,toturntheTVoff,totellthemithurtsyoumorethan

11、thembutitsfortheirowngood.Itstimetostarttellingthemnoagain.WhichfollowingcanbeputintheblankinPara.3?Theyhavehadbadhabits.Parentsareworried.Somethingmustbedone.Teachersarerealizingwevemadeaterriblemistake.（2）Itwasin1969thatabout600millionpeoplearoundtheworldwatchedhistorysmostfamousspacemission.AnUSa

12、stronautandNASAemployeeNeilArmstrongsteppedontothesurfaceofthemoonandhesaid,“Onesmallstepforaman,onegreatleapformankind”.Sincethen,NASAhasbeenresponsibleformanygreatleapsofitsownmorethanmostofusrealize.Thisyearisthe60thanniversary（周年）ofNASAsfoundingin1958.Tomostofus,NASAissimplyanamethatsconnectedwi

13、throcketsandtripstospace.However,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationistothankformanyeverydaythingsthatwedontgivemuchthoughtto.Takemobilephonesforexample.MostofusdontknowthatNASAinventedthetechnologybehindthecamerasfoundinmodernphones.ThankstoresearchbyNASAscientistswhowerelookingforwaystocr

14、eatesmallcamerastofitontospaceship,wereabletotakeselfies（自扌白）today.TheNASAscreativityhasledtothecreationofmanyothergreatinventions,includingthecomputermouse,laptopcomputerandevensportsshoes.Indeed,NASAstandsbyitsmotto,“FortheBenefitofAll”.Butwhilethesethingshavebroughtconvenienceandimprovementstoour

15、planet,letsnotforgetNASAsmainpurpose:55.FromtheSpaceShuttleProgram,whichsentover300astronautsintospacebetween1972and2011,totheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,anewtelescopethatwillallowustoseedeeperintotheuniverse,NASAismakinggreaterandgreaterstepsintounderstandingspaceaseachdaygoesby.“NASAsachievementswrite

16、sanimportantandwonderfulchapterinhumanhistory,whichisnearlyimpossibletooverstate,”AsNASAsanniversaryisaroundthecorner,itsexcitingtoimaginewhatthenext60yearswillbring.WillourgenerationwatchthefirsthumanonMars,asourparentsgenerationsawthefirsthumanonthemoon?Wecanonlywaitandsee.Whichfollowingcanbeputin

17、theblankinParagraph5?A.tomakeourplanetmoreconvenient.B.tosendmoreastronautsintospace.C.todiscovermoreaboutourplanet.D.toexplorewhatsoutsideofEarthWhichofthefollowingshowsthebeststructureofthepassage?（=Para.1=Para2=Para3=Para4=Para5=Para6）A./B./C./D./（3）Justlikeanyrelationship,bestfriendshipsdependon

18、trust,promise,respectandinterests.Whenanyoftheseelements（要素）ismissing,thefriendshipwillbehardtogoon.Ifthetrustistotallybroken,youmaynotbeabletoforgivehim/her.Sometimesafriendshipendsbecauseeitheryouoryourfriendgetstiredofputtingtheheartintoit.Thiscanhappenwhenoneofyoufindsanewfriendorevenanewhobbyth

19、attakesupmuchtime.Or,perhapsyoufindtherelationshipisalwaysgoinginanunhealthywayandyouwantsomedistance（距離）.Othertimes,yousimplychangeandwanttoleaveeachother.Sure,itseemssadatthetime,butitscompletelynormal.Notallfriendshipsaremeanttolastforever.So,whatshouldyoudoifsomethinglikethishappenstoyou?Readonf

20、orsomefriendlyadvice.Whateverthereasonyourebreakingupwithyourbestfriendis,alwaysrememberthathe/shewasoncesuperimportanttoyou.Takethetimetositdownandtellhim/herwhatsgoingonandwhy.Dontsendhim/heranunpleasante-mail.Dontstartignoringhim/herthoughyourebusywithyournewhobby.Infact,maybehe/shehasknowntheres

21、aproblemandwouldbewillingtohaveaheart-to-heartchat.Ifyourenotsureaboutwantinganendforever,youcouldsuggestyoutwotakeabreakfromeachother.If,afterawhile,yourealizewhyyoubecamethebestfriendsinthebeginning,youcantrygettingbacktoyourformerbehaviors.Whateveryoudo,behonestaboutyourfeelingswhilehavingrespect

22、forhis/hers.AndifyoubothagreetheBestForeverFriendthingisover,makesurenottobeenemies.60.Ifweputthepassageintoseveralparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?（=Para.（自然段）1=Para.2=Para.3=Para.4=Para.5）A.;B.;C.;D.;（4）TheChinesesci-fimovieTheWonderingEarthmakespeopleexcited.Howaboutscarymovies?Wheneverwewatcha

23、scarymovieandsomethingscaryhappens,wemightcloseoureyesandscream.However,chancesarethatwellcontinuetowatchandenjoythemovieanyway.Sowhycanfearbesomuchfun?ArecentstudymadebyresearchersattheUniversityofPittsburghintheUSshowsthatwatchingscarymoviescanraiseourmood,helpmakepeopletogetherandmakeusconfident.

24、Inthestudy,262adultswereaskedtoenterahauntedhouseattraction.Inside,theyhadtostaytherefor35minutes,andwereaskedtorecord（記錄）theirfeelingsbothbeforeandaftertheexperience.Atthesametime,theresearchersalsowatchedtheirbrainwaves.Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplewhotookpartintheresearchweremorelikelytobehapp

25、ierandlessworriedandtiredaftertheylefttheattraction.Thatsbecauseinthisintens（e緊張的）condition,theirbrainsgaveoutmoredopamine多巴胺）,achemicalwhich“producesafeelingofbeinghappythatcontinuesafterthethreat（威脅）haspassed,reportedBusinessInsider.Whatsmore,thisfeelingmaybringpeopletogether.AccordingtoTheConvers

26、ation,experiencingtheattractionisjustlike“runninga5kilometerraceorclimbingupadifficultclimbingwall.”Thismeansthatpeopleinscarysituationsaremorelikelytobeuncertainanddependonothersforsupport.“Beingscaredinasafeplaceisasource來源）ofenjoymentandmakesusfeelgoodphysicallyandcanevenmakeusfeelconfidentbyremi

27、ndingusthatwecanmakeitthroughascarysituation,wearestrong,”researcherstoldTheIndependent.59.Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?22232333354555（=Para.（自然段）1=Para2=Para.3二Para4=Para5）答案：B （5）Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybefore：changesforthebetterchangesfort

28、heworse;changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeingschangesthatputmanindangerManythingscausedthechangesbutinmyopinionthemostimportantwastheprogressinscienceScientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviewsIthasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse;ithasbroughtu

29、sabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopmentTechnologytheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflifeThecontinuationofsuchactivitiesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings：inpurescienceawideranddeeperknowledgeinallfiel