2022醫(yī)學(xué)課件呼吸系統(tǒng)-組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)

1、 Respiratory system第一頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Respiratory system第二頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Nasal cavity, pharynx & larynx. Trachea & bronchi.Lung.第三頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。一、trachea第四頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。mucosasubmucosaadventitiatrachea (HE)Mixed gland第五頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。EM: epithelium of trachea4. Small granule C1.Ciliated C2.Brush C3.Goblet C5.Basal C第六頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。The wall

2、 of trachea1. Mucosa=epithelium+lamina propria pseudostratiated ciliated columnar Ciliated C, goblet C, brush C, basal C, small granular C.2. Submucosa=CT+ mixed glands3. Adventitia=16-20 C shaped hayline cartilage rings.第七頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。 atmosphere & alveoli alveoli & blood (blood & tissue)Gas exchangebro

3、nchiolelunglung二、lung第八頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Lung Low power第九頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。lungparenchyma: bronchial trees & alveoli .Principal bronchi(Br)lobular、segmental Brsmaller Brbronchioleterminal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolealveolar duct、alveolar sacalveoli.Conduction portion : above terminal bronchioles. Respiratory porti

4、on :respiratory bronchiole to alveoli.Pulmonary lobule: bronchiole and its ramifications.第十頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Conduction portionlobular Br & small BrEpitheliumGoblet CGlandsCartilage plateSMC第十一頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Conduction portionbronchiole & terminal brochioleSimple ciliated columnar.Goblet C Gland Cartilage plate SMC第

5、十二頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Rules of structural variance in conducting portionSmall BrbronchioleTerminal bronchioleEpi PseudostratifiedCiliated columnar Simple ciliated columnarSimple columnar* claracellGoblet C + +/-Mixed gland+ +/-Cartilage plate+ +/-SMC+ + + + 第十三頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Respiratory portionRespiratory bronchioleTh

6、e wall is interruptedSimple cuboidal Epi, clara CSMC第十四頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Respiratory portionAlveolar duct & alveolar sacThe wall, many alveoliSMC*Simple cuboidal, squamousAlveolar ductAlveolar sacNo SMC*第十五頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Respiratory portionalveolus肺泡管Simple alveolar Epi.第十六頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。(1) Respiratory portion#constituent

7、s：respiratory bronchiole，alveolar duct，alveolar sac，alveolus。1.Respiratory bronchioleThe wall, few alveoli open into.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.第十七頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。(2) Respiratory portion2.Alveolar duct & alveolar sacThe wall, many alveoli open into.Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct Knobs is sphincter-like SMC

8、.第十八頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。(3) Respiratory portion3. alveolus: type I alveolar C type II alveolar C alveolar septum.第十九頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Type II alveolar CmacrophageElastic fiber第二十頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。type I alveolar C第二十一頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Type II alveolar COsmiophilic Multilamellar bodies第二十二頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。blood-air barrier第二十三頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。AlveoliType I ce

9、llsquamous, covered most surface of the alveoli .Type II cellLM: round or cuboidal, cell body protrude into the lumen.EM: osmiophilic multilamellar body, with abundant phospholipids.Functions: secret surfactant, reduce surface tension, stabilize alveoli.第二十四頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Alveolar septum: continuous Cap.,

10、elastic fiber. macrophage dust C.blood-air barrier includes:1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli2.type I alveolar C3.BM of alveolar C4.delicate layer of CT5.continuous Cap. BM6.continuous Cap. Endothelium.第二十五頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。TerminalbronchioleRespiratorybronchioleAlveolar ductAlveolar sac1234第二十六頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Rule

11、s of structural variance in respiratory portionwallEpi.SMCRespiratory bronchioleNot integratedAlveoli open Simple columanSimple cuboidalthinAlveolar ductMany alveoli open into Simple cuboidalA fewAlveolar sac of alveoli Alveolar Epi.noalveolusIrregular vesicularAlveolar Epi.no第二十七頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。Alveolar ep

12、ithelial cellshapecytoplasmfunctionsType IsquamousPhagocytotic vesicleCovered 95% of the surface of alveoli to benefit gas exchange.Type IIroundcuboidalOsmiophilic multilamellar bodySecret surfactant to reduce surface tension and stabilize the alveoli.Type I cell can not regenerate.Type II cell can differentiate into Type I cell .*第二十八頁(yè)，共三十一頁(yè)。keypointsThe basic structure of trachea.Histologic structure of conduction portion.Histologic structure of respiratory portion.Esp. the al