中考英語主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

1、中考英語主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)課件第1頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 What is the Passive Voice?第2頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動語態(tài)(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.第3頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日We speak Engl

2、ish.主語謂語賓語English is spoken by us.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)第4頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。Many students study English.(主動語態(tài)) English is studie

3、d by many students.(被動語態(tài))第5頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日When to use it? 1. 當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。2. 當(dāng)我們需要強調(diào)動作承受者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者。這本詞典被保存完好(不需要說明是誰保存的) 。這些書是在二十世紀(jì)二十年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 （強調(diào)書被發(fā)現(xiàn)而不是強調(diào)由誰發(fā)現(xiàn)） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found in the 1920s.第6頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日被動語態(tài)的用法:A note

4、was passed up to the speaker.1.強調(diào)動作的承受者;如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people.2.不需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者或動作的執(zhí) 行者難以說出或不必說出.如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924.第7頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 The Structure is助動詞be+及物動詞

5、的過去分詞 (be+P.P.) 第8頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日一般現(xiàn)在時： am / is / are done一般過去時： was / were done現(xiàn)在進行時： am / is / are being done過去進行時： was / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時： have / has been done過去完成時： had been done一般將來時： shall / will be done ; be going to be done當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must / have tobe doneHe is re

6、garded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是1969年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。He said the factory had been opened . 他說這家工廠已經(jīng)

7、開張。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。第9頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時一樣。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was

8、given a nice present by my friend yesterday.第10頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日在改寫中應(yīng)注意：1.把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;2.把動詞變成“be + 過去分詞”;3.主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。典型題例例1 將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.第11頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語 -即動作的承受者They m

9、ake shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即be動詞的時態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語. by them.第12頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows.Th

10、e windows were broken by him. 第13頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/are/is + 過去分詞 People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.Football all over the world .We this term.is playedby peopleare taught (by Mr. Green)第14頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were +

11、 過去分詞4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.The Great Wall long ago.Two years ago those machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 第15頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will / be going to + be + 過去

12、分詞6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.A diary next class.A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held by Tom第16頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：must/have to/can等 + be + 過去分詞8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to fi

13、nish our homework on time.The broken pottery at once.Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) has to be finished (by us) on time第17頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.第18頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日We call th

14、e snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong.第19頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日We usually hear him play in the next room.He is usually heard to play in the next room.第20頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時：S+was/we

15、re +過去分詞第21頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.第22頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情態(tài)動詞：S+ can/may/must/sho

16、uld + be+過去分詞第23頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.第24頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.第25頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thoug

17、ht .“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.第26頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時：S+ will+be+過去分詞第27頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.An evening party is going t

18、o be had tomorrow.第28頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進行時： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞第29頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.第30頁，共89頁，2022年，5

19、月20日，5點19分，星期日We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞第31頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.第32頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日We had received many letters by t

20、he end of last week.Many letters had been received by the end of last week.第33頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日They would have a party the next day.A party would be had (by them) the next day.第34頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting things.2.The student

21、s clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）七嘴八舌第35頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The tick

22、et was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .第36頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used第37頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點

23、19分，星期日7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished第38頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) So

24、me wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us第39頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done第40頁，共89頁，2022年，5月2

25、0日，5點19分，星期日12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken第41頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this

26、school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by them第42頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日Answer right or wrong1.必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( )2.這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote by Lu X

27、un.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( )3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR第43頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日4.這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.

28、( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWR第44頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日They made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They a

29、re making shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.第45頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日四幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let have hear see notice第46頁，共8

30、9頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動結(jié)構(gòu): （1）感覺動詞(hear, see等)改被動語態(tài)（2）使役動詞(let, make等)改被動語態(tài)如動詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語補足語為不帶“to”不定式時，變被動語態(tài)時要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.第47頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日思 考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the m

31、orning.She in the morning.is usually heard to sing English songs 第48頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic.is made to work was let to go 口訣：這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to 離開，被動句中to回 來。（hear, let，have, make, see,

32、 watch)第49頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 help sb (to) V be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. 第50頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing footbal

33、l at that moment.hear / watch /.第51頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日三. 帶有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時,直接或 間接賓語都可做主語,注意間接賓語前加 to或for.My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother.Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given to Tom by Jack. =Tom ha

34、s been given a book by Jack.第52頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日帶有雙賓語（賓語既有人又有物）的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是: 1. 將間接賓語(人)變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語(物)不變。2. 將直接賓語(物)變?yōu)橹髡Z，一般要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.第53頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask

35、 bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.第54頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book.第55頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日思考1：將下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)： We gave him some

36、books.He .Some books .was given some books (by us) were given to him (by us) 第56頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日注意:約翰打開了收音機。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時,千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。We must speak to old people

37、politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.第57頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日必背！動詞短語的被動語態(tài)take care of be taken care ofcut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked after第58頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.類似

38、的還有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .We report 第59頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日1). 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belon

39、g to Mike.不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：第60頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)第61頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：4.系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。The f

40、ish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.第62頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【誤】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.這書賣完了。The book is sold out.第63頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點

41、19分，星期日這塊表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.第64頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日知 識 運 用一、單項選擇：1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get r

42、eady for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up DD第65頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日3. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green

43、two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. gave B. had given C. was given D. was givingDB第66頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 5. Mr. Johnsons story by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at D第67頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日二、

44、請把下面句子改為被動語態(tài)1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008. was showedwill be held by Beijing第68頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日3. Miss Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing ba

45、sketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.We are taught English by Miss Dengwas seen to play basketballEnglish is taught to us by Miss Deng第69頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beautiful. should be made to b

46、ecome第70頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日練習(xí)：將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)句子。The computer club held a writing competition(競賽）.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .We took many photos.They use this room for playing table tennis.The bank built a park for them.A writing competition was held by the computer c

47、lub.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them.第71頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日中考被動語態(tài)考題1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考題） A. be

48、stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考題） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away3.He _ _(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黃岡市中考題）was told第72頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點

49、19分，星期日4. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟南市）變主動語態(tài) _ _ _ another man-made satellite into space last week.5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題）6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考題） The vegetables _ _on

50、the farm.TThey sent upwere planted are grown第73頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 一、選擇正確答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be writ

51、e by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach CBAB第74頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日二、用所給詞的正確形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two

52、thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returnedwas invented was answeredis calledare written第75頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日5

53、)Exercises:選擇填空:Windows_ of glass.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house_ in 2004.is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA第76頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is

54、 made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA第77頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日1.Our

55、 school _in 2012.(開辦)2.The young trees must_well.(照顧)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held第78頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期

56、日用所給動詞的正確形式填空： 1). The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2). Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3). A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4). French_ (speak) in France. 5). Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed第79頁，共89頁，20

57、22年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日練習(xí)一 請把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洌ㄗ⒁鈺r態(tài)的一致）1. He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2. The people make history.History is made by people.3. Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4. They didnt visit the city two years ago. The c

58、ity wasnt visited by them two years ago.5. Where did you make them?Where were they made by you?第80頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日 用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2. He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3. The book _ by him last year. ( write ) 4. The radio _ last week. ( m

59、end) 5. Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6. A new subway _ (build) next year. 7. She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8. Thousands of satellites _(send) up into the space so far. 9. They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10. The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11. Young trees s

60、hould _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered第81頁，共89頁，2022年，5月20日，5點19分，星期日Multiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is fini