句子成分講解

1、主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語句子成分講解定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語和謂語狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.句子成分意義充當(dāng)成分例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語BothofuslikeEnglish.表語與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一

2、起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名，副，介詞短語或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名詞）Shewentoutinahurry.（代詞）Fourplusfourisei

3、ght.（數(shù)詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名詞化的形容詞）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主語：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.5、Toseeistobelieve.6、Helikesdancing.7、Whatheneedsisabook.8、I

4、tisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征簡單謂語:由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的謂語（注：只有動(dòng)詞才可作謂語。）：WeloveChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.HecanspeakEnglish.Sheseemstired.（

5、三）賓語動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語Showyourpassport,please.（名詞）Shedidntsayanything.（代詞）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.（數(shù)詞）Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.（名詞化的形容詞）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）（四）連系動(dòng)詞,其后面的成分叫作表語。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious

6、.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.找出下列句中的表語。Iamateacher.Theyareontheplayground.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Itgetscold.Itsoundsinteresting.常見的系動(dòng)詞有be動(dòng)詞，還有g(shù)et,become,turn,grow等表“變得”的詞，和感觀動(dòng)詞sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。（五）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句Heisacleverboy.（形容詞）Hisfatherworksinasteelwo

7、rk.（名詞）Thereare54studentsinourclass.（數(shù)詞）Doyouknownbettyssister?（名詞所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（動(dòng)名詞）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（過去分詞）定語后置：如果定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouk

8、nowthemanwhospokejustnow?找出下列句子的定語。Theblackbikeismine.Sheisachemistryteacher.Themaninblueismybrother.Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.（六）狀語狀語的功用：狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehe

9、gotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.找出下列句中的狀語Weoftenhelphim.Ireallydontlikethefood.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor.隨堂練習(xí)：分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1)Youareastudent.2)Hefelthappytoday.3)Whatyousaidmademehappy.4)CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5)Afterhefinishe