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1、淺析簡愛的創(chuàng)作背景摘要簡愛是19世紀英國批判現(xiàn)實主義文學作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的代表作。作者所處的時代正是英國社會動蕩的時代,隨著資本主義迅速發(fā)展,階級斗爭不斷激化,爆發(fā)了英國歷史上著名的憲章運動。本文對作者所處的社會背景和家庭背景進行了探討,作者正是在這樣的背景下創(chuàng)作了簡愛。關(guān)鍵詞:簡愛;夏洛蒂;環(huán)境前言作品中簡愛既無財產(chǎn)又無姿色,但她頑強、勇敢、真誠、熱情,追求獨立、自由、平等,捍衛(wèi)個人的價值,維護自我尊嚴,可以說她是一個既自尊、自愛又自強、自立的時代新女性。本文著重從簡愛的生活經(jīng)歷以及所處的環(huán)境,闡述了簡愛如何在環(huán)境的影響下,如何由一個軟弱的小女孩,變成一個敢于向命運挑戰(zhàn),并且通過自己的努力,

2、實現(xiàn)自我價值的成功女性。作品成功地塑造了一位在社會的不公面前,敢于反抗、敢于爭取自由和平等地位的女性形象,從而為女性爭取平等、自由吹響了第一聲號角。體現(xiàn)了十九世紀西方婦女已經(jīng)開始覺醒的女性意識。作品所倡導的女性追求自主自強的精神在當代社會仍然具有深刻的影響,這種不向壓力屈服,敢于向挫折挑戰(zhàn)的精神在今天看來都是難能可貴的。自尊自強自立的簡愛應(yīng)該永遠是我們學習的榜樣.11社會背景簡愛這部小說是十九世紀中葉英國女作家夏洛特勃朗蒂的成名作和代表作。十九世紀三十到四十年代之間,工人運動在北方工業(yè)地區(qū)蓬勃開展起來。在蔓切斯特和它附近的工廠城市里發(fā)生了在革命口號下進行的、人數(shù)眾多的集會和示威游行;當時的英國

3、,雖然實行了資產(chǎn)階級民主改革,政府部門表面上采取了某些改革的措施,比如通過了女工實行十小時工作在勞渥德學校制的法案,但是婦女在社會上的地位并沒有得到改善,并沒有獲得平等的權(quán)利,即使是經(jīng)過了三次高潮的憲章運動,吸引了成百萬的工人和勞動群眾參加爭取自身權(quán)利的斗爭,也沒有能提出男女平等問題,但是資產(chǎn)階級社會的矛盾同時也激發(fā)了婦女擺脫男子的壓迫和歧視的要求。在當時的英國,女性是難以取得一席之地的。尤其是不少處于小資產(chǎn)階級范疇的婦女,她們受過文化教育,但沒有財產(chǎn),在婚姻市場上缺少競爭能力,往往不得不因貧窮而遭受冷遇,落到寄人籬下、身無分文的境地。對于那些上流社會的女子來說,結(jié)婚或終生陪伴父母成為了她們的

4、最終選擇。而那些處于社會底層的女性,不管結(jié)婚或者未婚,都要在農(nóng)場,客棧,商店等地方工作,當工業(yè)發(fā)展初步具有規(guī)模后,她們也可以到工廠去工作,除此以外,做女傭也是她們通常的選擇。這就是十九世紀英國嚴酷的現(xiàn)實。12家庭背景夏洛蒂生于英國北部約克郡哈沃斯一個窮苦的家庭,她的家庭處于上下階層之間,父親是約克郡哈沃斯的一個圣公會窮牧師,畢業(yè)于劍橋圣約翰學院,學識淵博,喜愛創(chuàng)作,他親自教子女讀書,給他們講故事,指導他們看書報雜志,母親是個可愛,善解人意,并且善于用文字表達內(nèi)心情感的人。兄弟姐妹共六人,都愛好文學,從小最大的樂趣是坐在一起讀書。幼年喪母,父親變得沉默,更經(jīng)常與書為伴。照顧她們的姨媽不允許她們吵

5、鬧,而母親在時,因為生病,她們也需要保持安靜。盡管家庭不富裕,她們還是被送往寄宿女校。三姐妹長大以后,有的留人教校,有的去做家庭教。1842年為了開辦自己的學校,夏洛蒂與艾米麗來到布魯塞爾學習外語。然而就在這愉快的時刻,不幸接踵而來,三姐妹中的兩個妹妹與兄長都相繼染病去世,只剩下夏洛蒂繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作。2.1在舅媽家的生活簡愛從小失去父母,寄居在舅舅里德家,過著寄人籬下的生活,不久舅舅也離開人世。而舅母是一個自私、冷酷的人,對自己的孩子百般溺愛、嬌縱,而對簡愛舅母和孩子們卻極端仇視她、虐待她,視她為眼中釘,甚至連保姆和侍女都看不起她這個吃白食的窮人。舅母一家對她在精神上和肉體上的雙重虐待使她內(nèi)心充滿了

6、憤怒與怨恨,她無法在忍耐,她要反抗。在那兒,可憐的簡受盡了羞辱,仆人對她有偏見,舅媽討厭她。上天對簡是不公平的。但她并沒有在絕望中放棄。相反,對于簡來說,舅媽家好像培養(yǎng)她性格的沃土。使她更加獨立和反抗。當她被表哥打的時候,她敢于站出來還擊他。出此之外,她還反抗她的舅媽,揭露她的虛偽和殘忍。舅媽和表哥的虐待,使的簡與他們越來越疏遠。由于擔心她沒有家的感覺,她想找一個屬于她自己的地方。這種想法更加深了她對平等和對自由的渴望。里德夫人也不喜歡簡,就把她送到了專門接受貧窮孩子的慈善學校勞渥德學校。2.2在勞渥德學校在勞渥德學校,簡愛性格中的反抗因素得到進一步的發(fā)展。這個孤兒院哪里是一個慈善機構(gòu),這是一

7、個人間地獄。督學布洛克赫斯特,是個偽善的清教徒,他以辦慈善機構(gòu)為名,而以吸取孤兒血為實。學校的圍墻高得把什么風景都遮蔽了。她們每天吃著簡單而不飽肚的食物,兩人睡一張床,六個人用一個臉盆,穿著不合身的單薄的衣服,輕易不能出學校半步。生活條件如此惡劣,人人都面黃肌瘦,一旦有人病倒,半饑半飽,感冒又沒有及時治療,這就注定了大部分學生要受到傳染;在這兒,簡目睹了在孤兒這么艱苦的條件下,受盡折磨。在這樣的環(huán)境下,簡愛更容易表現(xiàn)出自己的個性。在落伍德,作者創(chuàng)造了另一個角色。海輪的性格完全不同簡,這樣安排的目的是為了暴露學校的殘忍和黑暗。作者并沒有太多的直接描寫簡的性格,而主要是通過海倫這面鏡子,將簡的想法

8、和性格展現(xiàn)在讀者面前,我們可以看出簡的倔強的性格。2.3在桑菲爾德簡想要新的生活,她找到了一個家庭教師的工作,主人是非常富有的莊園主。在那兒,他教一個可愛的叫做alele的法國小女孩。簡的雇主有一個非常迷人的名字,叫羅切思特。簡愛發(fā)現(xiàn)她自己已經(jīng)愛上羅切思特了。當羅切思特帶回一個漂亮但心腸不好的小姐時,簡感到很失望。簡愛以為羅切思特鐘情于這個小姐,然而,使簡愛驚奇的是羅切思特喜歡她。于是簡答應(yīng)了。在婚禮的那天,當簡愛和羅切思特正要交換戒指的時候,有人大喊到羅切思特已經(jīng)有一個結(jié)發(fā)妻子,羅切思特也很吃驚,但他并沒有否認這一切,他解釋到他年輕的時候的確和一個叫Bertha的女人結(jié)過婚,但是她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)瘋

9、了。他們?nèi)チ薚hornifield親眼看見了那個瘋女人bertha她被藏在三樓的一個房子里。當簡愛覺得她不可能呆在羅切思特身邊的時候,他離開了Thornfield簡沒有吃的,也沒有錢,她只能在外邊過著流浪的生活。2.4在約翰家簡愛被救了.其中有一個人叫約翰,他是一個教士,而且是她的親戚。約翰幫助簡在morton的一個慈善學校找了一份工作。有一天約翰告訴簡愛他是簡的表哥,簡的叔叔約翰.簡已經(jīng)去世了,并且給她留下200000pounds。簡很驚奇,然而她卻決定和她的這三個親戚均分這筆財產(chǎn)。約翰決定去印度傳教,并且他要求簡愛和他結(jié)婚,一塊去印度。他答應(yīng)給簡愛自由,原則的自由。簡愛最終意識到這種表面的

10、自由就像是監(jiān)禁,因為她并不愛約翰。簡答應(yīng)了去印度,但她并沒有答應(yīng)結(jié)婚。她心里仍然惦記著她最愛的羅切思特。當她匆匆趕到桑非爾德的時候,這兒已經(jīng)是一片廢墟了。瘋bertha把火燒了一切,她自己也在大火中喪生了。羅切思特雖然沒有死,卻失明了,并且一只手殘廢了。他們在羅切思特的新家和好了,不久,他們就結(jié)婚了。在故事的結(jié)尾。簡描述了他們的幸福生活:兩年后,羅切思特的一只眼睛又重見光明了,他用他的一只左手幸福的抱著他們的第一個兒子。3.夏洛蒂的生活經(jīng)歷Bronte(1816-1855),出生在應(yīng)個英格蘭北部的約克郡上的一個貧窮的神職人員家里。在當時階級斗爭的情況下,出現(xiàn)了一種新的批評現(xiàn)實注意文學。19世紀

11、四五十年代的英國,批評現(xiàn)實主義盛行?,F(xiàn)實主義作家以生動和藝術(shù)的寫作技巧,從民主的角度批判了資本主義制度。她和她的三姐妹被送去了一個慈善學校。在那兒,他們受到了殘忍的虐待,她的兩個姐姐在那兒去世了。1835年到1855年,她在學校當教師,后來她又去當了家庭教師。在1842年,她和她的妹妹艾米麗去Brussels的一個學校去學習語言。在1843年,她在那個學校當了老師。在這的經(jīng)歷啟發(fā)了在小說中寫到的落伍德學校。1847年出版的簡愛,一經(jīng)出版,就獲得了巨大的成功。內(nèi)心渴望平等,現(xiàn)實卻讓她“竭力恪盡一個女子應(yīng)盡的職責”。但是成功的寫出了作品簡愛。小說塑造了一位敢于反抗、敢于爭取自由和平等地位的女性形象

12、,與眾多普通女性不同,她敢于大膽表白自己的愛情,鄙視以金錢為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻,同時又具有善良的品質(zhì)。這也正如她本人,身上體現(xiàn)出不平凡的氣質(zhì)和人格美的魅力,全身心的付出不為名利,外表平凡和內(nèi)心的美麗完美的結(jié)合。才氣,堅強,智慧,反抗。敢于反抗和揭露剝削婦女平等權(quán)利的社會。盡管曾回信告訴她:文學不能成為也不應(yīng)該成為女人的終生事業(yè)。但她依然沒有停止創(chuàng)作的腳步。4.聯(lián)系現(xiàn)代生活,女性,總結(jié),啟示作者通過描述女主人公對愛情的執(zhí)著追求,表達了爭取獨立自由平等的價值觀。簡愛雖身處逆鏡,仍自尊自強,努力追求自身在社會上的獨立和尊嚴。她的精神品格使讀者得到道德凈化和精神的升華。通過簡愛的愛情故事,作者大膽提出了具有資

13、產(chǎn)階級民主主義的進步思想,建立在平等、獨立、自主基礎(chǔ)上的倫理觀念和愛情理想,抨擊了一切世俗的陳規(guī)陋習,因而在當時的英國社會引起了極大的反響,使那些與作者處于社會上同一層面的女性深受鼓舞。指出了婦女謀求自身幸福的道路,她們從簡愛中吸取無窮力量,確立起生活的目標,展望到如何擺脫從屬地位,爭得自由、平等、獨立、幸福的前景。簡愛一直想自己開辦學校,她認為當教師是為了培育“美德、聰明和仁慈感情的胚芽”。最后,簡愛盡管未辦成學校,但她已在許多人(小阿戴勒和莫爾頓谷的農(nóng)民女兒等)身上培育了美德的胚芽,由此可見簡愛對人生真諦的探索并未停留在精神自立和心靈契合的愛情上,而是在于她對崇高事業(yè)的追求,簡愛雖然是一個

14、相貌平平的弱女子,由于她性格中的敢于反抗,敢于爭取自由和平等地位的精神,她不斷地超越世俗、自己,最終得到了自己的幸福;簡愛充分塑造了一個對愛情、生活、宗教都采取了積極進取態(tài)度的、敢于斗爭的平凡而偉大的女性形象。簡愛是英國文學史上一部偉大的著作,流傳至今,以讓許多人愛不釋手。很多人喜歡簡愛,都是因為她傳奇般浪漫動人的愛情故事。但是,如果單單只看到愛情的話,只能說你還停留在淺層的表面,并沒有體會到愛情下的實質(zhì)。難道夏洛蒂僅僅只為寫這段纏綿的愛情而寫簡愛嗎?作者也是一位女性,生活在波動變化著的英國19世紀中葉,那時思想有著一個嶄新的開始。而在簡愛里滲透最多的也就是這種思想女性的獨立意識。這種獨立意識

15、在簡愛的身上表現(xiàn)的淋漓盡致。讓我們試想一下,如果簡愛的獨立,早已被扼殺在寄人籬下的童年生活里;如果她沒有那份獨立,她早已和有妻女的羅切斯特生活在一起,開始有金錢,有地位的新生活;如果她沒有那份純潔,我們現(xiàn)在手中的簡愛也不再是令人感動的流淚的經(jīng)典。所以為什么簡愛讓我們感動,愛不釋手就是她獨立的性格,令人心動的人格魅力。這種女性的獨立意識正是現(xiàn)代女性所需要的重要品質(zhì)。因此,這部簡愛才被越來越多的現(xiàn)代女性所喜愛,因為她們能從這里找到成功的秘訣。如今女性的地位越來越高,我們不能再依賴男性。以為自己只要找到“金龜婿”便可高枕無憂。事實說明,要想自己得到真正的幸福,不能依賴任何人,必須要獨立。從簡愛身上,

16、我們看到了“獨立”,看到了“堅決”看到了“斗爭”看到了“不屈服”看到了“敢追求”。所以,她是成功的,幸福的。簡愛已作為獨立女性的經(jīng)典,希望陽光下,鮮花里有更多的簡愛走出來,不管是貧窮,還是富有;不管是美貌,還是相貌平庸,都有美好的心靈和充實的心胸,都能有獨立的人格和堅強的個性生活。Whattheenvironmentdoesgiveher?-JaneEyressuccessfulloadCandidate:Major:Supervisor:Universit:yJAbstractContentsApril,20061BackgroundSocialbackgroundsFamilybackgr

17、ound*7JanesexperienceInGateshea(TOC o 1-5 h zInLowoodschool&InThornfield9“InMorehouse10 HYPERLINK l bookmark24 o Current Document 3.CharlotteBronteslifeexperience11 HYPERLINK l bookmark26 o Current Document 4.Theinfluenceonourmodernts1Bibliography1Abstract“JaneEyre”istherepresentativemasterpieceofCh

18、arlotteBronte,literaturewriterofthe19thcenturyBritishCriticalRealism.Thetimewriterwasinaperiodofgreatsocialunrestwhenthecapitalismgaineditsrapiddevelopment,theclassstrugglebecamemoreacuteanditisduringthatperiodoftimethatthechartismtovement,averyfamouseventintheBritishistoryb,rokeout.Thearticldeiscus

19、sesfromthebackgroundofthesocialandthefamilyoftheauthor,underthebackground,CharlotteBrontewrote“JaneEyre”.Theprotagonistofthenovel,JaneEyre,hasneitherpropertynorbeautyatall,yetsheistough-willedb,rave,sincereandzealous,andbesides,sheisinhotpursuitofindependence,freedomandequality,defendingherpersonalv

20、alueandmaintainingherself-esteemS.oitfollowsthatsheisanewfemalefeaturingself-respect,self-loveandself-relianceandindependence.ThisarticlemphaticallyfromtheenvironmentwhichJanelocatedandherlifexperience,elaborateshowJaneEyrefromaweaklittlegirl,growingintoasuccessfulfemale,whodarestochallentofate,andt

21、hroughownendeavor,realizetsheself-value.ThenovelsuccessfullsyhapesanimageofawomanwhodefiestraditionandbravelytakesupchallengestostriveforfreedomandequalsocialstatuthussoundingthetrumpetofthebattleforthefemalefreedomandequalityT.hisnoveldemonstratesthefactthatthewesternwomeninthe19thcenturyhaveawaken

22、edtothefemaleconsciousness.ViewingJaneEyrefromallrespects,wecanseeanewfemaleimage:theincarnationofself-esteems,elf-respecste,lf-supporatndself-reliance.Furthermore,thespiritofnotsubmittingtothepressure,darlingtochallenge,stronglyadvocatedinthenovelisstillofgreatsignificancourmodernsociety.Keywords:B

23、ackgroundExperienceCharacterIndependencemoderntimes1.BackgroundsocialbackgroundsThenovel“JaneEyre”eifsamteh-winningworkandmasterpieceofthe19thcenturyBritishwriter,CharlotteBronte.Duringtheperiodfro1830sto1840s,thelabormovementwasvigorouslyforgingaheadintheNorthernIndustryZone.Thereappearedgatherings

24、anddemonstrationswithnumerousparticipantwshoyelledtherevolutionarsylogansinManchesteranditsneighboringfactoriesandurbanareas;thenEnglandpracticedthereformofthebourgeoisdemocracyunderwhichthegovernmentdepartmentsseeminglycarriedoutaseriesofmeasuresfordemocraticreform.Forinstancepassedthebill,thefemal

25、esworkedtotenhours.However,itwasfarfromtheacquisitionoftheso-calledrigofequalityevenifthechartistmovementdidnctomeupwiththeproposalforequalityoftheoppositesexes.SointhethenEngland,itimpossibleforfemalestofindanicheinthesocietyp,articularltyhewomenfallingwithinthecategoryofthepettybourgeoisiethoughth

26、eywaseducated,yettheyhadnoproprieties,otheylackedtheverycompetitivenessinthemarriagemarketandtendedtosufferfromsnubsandpoverty,havingdependingonotherpersonsforsupportandbeingleftstrandedpenniless.Forthosefemaleofuppersociety,themarriageorlife-longaccompaniedtheparentsbecametheirfinallychoice.Forthpo

27、orfemaleinthesociety,nomattermarriesorunmarried,allmustinthefarm,theinn,storeandsoon.TAftertheindustriadlevelopmentinitially,theycanworkinthefactory,Exceptforthis,maidisalsotusualchoice.Thisisacruelpictureoftherealityofthe19thcenturyEngland.FamilybackgroundThenovel“JaneEyre”ist-hweinfnaimnegworkandm

28、asterpieceofthe19thcenturyBritishwriter,CharlotteBronte.Duringtheperiodfro1830sto1840s,thelabormovementwasvigorouslyforgingaheadintheNorthernIndustryZone.ThereappearedgatheringsanddemonstrationswithnumerousparticipantwshoyelledtherevolutionarsylogansinManchesteranditsneighboringfactorieasndurbanarea

29、s;thethenEnglandpracticedthereformofthebourgeoisdemocracyunderwhichthegovernmentdepartmentsseeminglycarriedoutaseriesofmeasuresfordemocraticreform.Forinstancepassedthebill,thefemalesworktotenhours.However,itwasfarfromtheacquisitionoftheso-calledrigofequalityevenifthechartistmovementdidnctomeupwithth

30、eproposalforequalityoftheoppositesexes.SointhethenEngland,itimpossibleforfemalestofindanicheinthesocietyp,articularltyhewomenfallingwithinthecategoryofthepettybourgeoisiethoughtheywaseducated,yettheyhadnoproprieties,otheylackedtheverycompetitivenessinthemarriagemarketandtendedtosufferfromsnubsandpov

31、erty,havingdependingonotherpersonsforsupportandbeingleftstrandedpenniless.Forthosefemaleofuppersociety,themarriageorlife-longaccompaniedtheparentsbecametheirfinallychoice.Forthpoorfemaleinthesociety,nomattermarriesorunmarried,allmustinthefarm,theinn,storeandsoon.TAftertheindustriadlevelopmentinitial

32、ly,theycanworkinthefactory,Exceptforthis,maidisalsotusualchoice.Thisisacruelpictureoftherealityofthe19thcenturyEngland.2Janesexperience2.1InGatesheadJaneEyresparentsdied,leavingherasapoororphanandlivinginheruncleshomeasahelplessorphanbutverysoonheruncledied,leavinghertoherwealthyaunt,aselfishandcrue

33、lwoman,whospoilsherownchildrenwithtendernessbutextremelyhatesher,mistreatsherasasourceofgrowingannoyancetogetherwithherchildrens,oeventhenurseandhousemaidsinherhouselookdownonsuchasapoorsponge.Herauntswholefamilygivesherdoublebrutality,physicalandspiritsomuchasthathatredandmalicearethusnurturedinthe

34、deeprecessesofherheart,whichdrivesheroutofendurance,soshecomesoutagainstthem.InthereJaneisawretchedlittlgeirlwhooftenwashumiliatedT.heservantsarebiased.MrsReeddetestedher.Janelifewasveryunfair.ButJanedidntperishinthedespairinganddidntsubmitinspirit.MrReedsfamilylikeaspecialsoilforJaneEyre.Maherresis

35、tantcharacterandindependentdisposition.WhenJanewashitbadlybyhercousinJohnyoungmaster.Shedaredtobeatagainsthimincrazy.Moreover,shealsodaretoresistherauntandexposedherhypocrisyandviciousnessT.hecrueltreatmentshereceivesfromherauntReedandhercousinsonlyexacerbatesherfeelingofalienation.Afraidthatshewill

36、neverfindatruesenseofhomeorcommunity,Janefeelstheneedtobelongsomewhere.Thisdesiretempersherequallyintenseneedforautonomyandfreedom.Mrs.ReeddoesnltikeJaneandsendshertoacharityschoolforpoorgirlsinLowood.InLowoodschoolAtLowoodboardingschool,JanefurtherdevelopstherebelliouselementinherpersonalityT.hough

37、theorphanageisacharitableorganizationi,tisasheerhellontheearth.TheschoolisrunbyMr.Brocklehurst,isaninspectoroftheschoolbutahypocriticalPuritan.thenameofrunningacharitabloerganizationh,eactuallyintendstobleedtheorphansforhisownbenefits.Theenclosingwallsoftheschooaresohighthattheyshroudtheviewsofwhate

38、verkind.Theorphansaregiventhesimpleandmeagerfoodeveryday,twoorphanssleepingonasmallbed,sixforawashbasin.TheorphansaresinglycladandbadlyfittedB.esides,thechildrenarenotallowedtoleavetheorphanagewithoutpermission.Thelivingconditionsaresoabominableandeverychildisfragilewithsallowcomplexion.Oncesomeonec

39、ontainsadiseas,esemi-starvatioandneglectedcoldshadpredisposedmostofthepupilstoreceiveinfeS邊未譯InhereJanesawthebadlivingconditionandalltheorphansaredevastatedbytheharshdespoticsystem.Thelifeproposedmorequestionstoher.InthisbadconditionjustlikeanotherfertilesoilletJanescharactertoshow.Shecandaretostrug

40、glewiththepersonwhoencroacherher.InLowood,theauthorcreatedanothermodelrole,HelenBurns,HelenscharacterisverydifferenatndsharplycomparisonwithJane.ThisarrangementsgoalistoexposedLowoodschoolshypocrisyanddark.MoreoveritreflectedJanescharacterverymuchfromantherway.InthearticlaeuthordidntdescribeJanescha

41、ractermuchindirectedactionbutthroughHelenthismirror,howJanesthoughtsandcharactertothereader.Wecanseethestubbornindividuality.InThornfieldJanewantstonewexperiences.JanegetsapositionofgovernessinthefamilyofMr.Rochester,arichsquirecalledThornfieldT.heresheteachesalivelyFrenchgirlnamedAdele.Janesemploye

42、risanimpassionedmannamesRochester.JanefindherselffallinlovewithhimJanebecomesdepresswhensheseeRochesterbringhomeabeautifulbutbadwoman.JanebelievesthatRochesterwillproposetothewomen,buttohersurprisedR,ochesterproposetoJane,andJaneagrees.Theweddingdayarrives.WhenJaneandMr.Rochesterpreparetoexchangethe

43、irrings,amancomesandcriedoutthatRochesteralreadyhasawifeRochesterisverysurprisedb,uthedoesnetdenythemanclaim.HeexplainshedoesmarryawomannamedBerthawhenheisyoung,butBerthahasgonemad.HetakestheweddingpartybacktoThornifield,andtheywitnessthemadwomen,bertha,whoishiddenonthethirdfloorofthebuilding.Knowin

44、gthatitisimpossibleforhertostaywitRochester,JaneescapesfromThornfield.Janecannotgetmoneysoshebegsforfoodandsleepsoutdoors.InMorehouseSheissavedbythreepersons,whoarerelativesandlivetogether.OnofthemnamedJohn,whoisapriestf,indsajobforJaneatacharityschoolinMorton.OnedayhetellsJaneheisJanescousin,andJan

45、ebrother,JohnEyrehasdiedandleftheralargefortune:200,000poundsJaneisverysurprisedanddecidestosharethisfortuneequallywithhethreefoundrelatives.JohndecidestotraveltoIndiaasamissionaryaheasksJanetogowithhimashiswife.StJohnRiversoffersJaneanotkindoffreedom:thefreedomtoactunreservedlyonherprinciples.Janee

46、ventuallyrealizetshatthisfreedomwouldalsoconstituteaformofimprisonment,becauseshewouldbeforcedtokeephertruefeelingsandhertruepassionsalwaysincheck.JaneagreestogotoIndiabutrefusestomarryhiscousinbecauseshedoesnotlovehim.Janestillremembersthemanshelovesverymuch-RochesterandhurriesbacktoThornfield.Shef

47、indsthatThornfieldhasbeenburnedtothegroundbyBerthaMason,themadwomen,wholostherlifeinthefire.Rochesterdoesnotdiebutlosthiseyesightandoneofhishands.JaneandRochesterrebuildtheirrelationshiaptFerndean,Rochesternsewresidence,andsoontheymarry.Attheendofthestory,Janedescribesthatshelivesaveryhappylifeandaf

48、tertwoyearsofblindness,Rochesterregainssightinoneeyeandisabletoholdtheirfirstsonwlefthand.3.CharlotteBronteslifeexperienceBronte(1816-1855)wasborninthefamilyofapoorcountryclergymanatHaworth,Yorkshire,innorthernEngland.Inthisperiodoftenseclassstruggleappearedanewliterarytrend-criticraelalism.Englishc

49、riticalrealismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthefortiesintheearlyfifties.ThecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnesgreatartisticskillthechieftraitsoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticicapitalistystemfromademocraticviewpoint.Sheandthreeofhersistersweresenttoacharityschoolwheretheywerecruellytreated,awherehert

50、woeldersistersdied.In1835-1838sheworkedasaschoolteacher,andlaterasgoverness.In1842shewentwithhersisterEmilystudylanguagesataschoolinBrussels,whereduring1843shewasemployedasateacher.ThisexperienceinspiredthelaterportrayalofLowoodSchoolinthenovel“JaneEyre”w,hichwaspublishedin1847andachievedimmediatesu

51、ccessful.Shieslongfortheperfectloveactuallynottobeabletorunawaytheaffectionbythedestiny.Shehopesequality.ShesucceedinwritingtheJawnoerkEyre.Thenovelmoldedagreatfemalewhodaretostriveforthefreedomandtheequalstanding.shewasdifferentwiththemultitudinousordinaryfemale,andshedaredboldlytovindicateownlove,

52、whodespisedthemarriagethatbasedonthemoney.Shealsohasgoodquality.Thisalsojustlikeshe,thebodymanifeststheextraordinarymakingsandthepersonalitybeautifulcharm,theentirebodyandmindpaysisnotforthefameandfortune,thesemblanceisordinaryandtheinnermostfeelingsbeautifulperfectunion.ShewasAbility,strong,wisdom,

53、revolt.ShedarestorevagainstandtheexpositionexploitsthewomanequalrightsofthesocietAlthoughSougheywritestoher:Theliteraturceannotbecomeandshouldnotbecomewomansliofneg-lenterprise.Butshedidntgiveuptheroadleadingtothewriting.4.TheinfluenceonourmoderntimesBydepictingthepersistentpursuitoflovebytheheroine

54、,theauthorgivesastrongexpressiontothevalueofstrivinfgorfreedomandequality.Janeispoverty-strickenyetsheisself-reliantandseekssocindependenceanddignitybymakingunremittingeffortsH.erspiritualqualitypurifietshereadersmoralityandsublimatestheirspiritoaheight.BymeansofthelovestoriesofJane,theauthorboldlyp

55、resentsthereaderswiththeprogressiveideologyofthebourgeoisdemocratism,theethicsandloveidealsbasedonequality,independenceandself-relianclea,shesoutattheworldlyoutmodedconventions,thusevokinggreatresponsefromtheBritisshocietyinthatperiodoftimeandgivinggreatencouragementtothefemalesinthesamesocialhierar

56、chy.Theauthorpointsoutahappypathwhichthefemalesshouldgetself-motivatedtostriveforandtheycandrawonthesupernaturalforcefrom“JaneEyre”byestablishingtheirownlifetargetsandlookhopefullyforwardtohowtobreakawayfromthepositionofsubordinationsoastostrivefortheprosperousfreedom,equality,independenceandhappine

57、ss.Janenurturesadreamtosetupherownschool,becauseshtehinksbeingateacheristocultivate“theembryocombinedwithvirtuei,ntelligencaendkindness”H.erdreamdoesnotcometrueaseagerlyexpected,yetshehasalreadyfosteredavirtuousembryointheheartsofsomanypeople(farmersdaughters,suchas,LittlAdeleandMortonVale),Thusitgo

58、eswithoutsayingthatjanesexplorationforthetruthandessenceoflifedoesnotrestonthespiriindependenceandloveoftheheartfeltunion,butconsistinherpersistentpursuitofloftyundertakings.Plain-lookingandfragileasjis,shedarestostriveforherfreedomandequalityintermsofherpersonalitayndcontinuouslytranscendsherselfan

59、dthesecularitys,oshegetsthetruehappinessintheend;sheisalwaysloyaltoherfeeliintellecatnddignityS.heisafeministwiththeremarkabledistinctionfromotherfemales.JaneEyrefullymoldedagreatandordinaryfeminineimage,totheloveandthelife,thereligionhasexpressthepositiveenterprisingmanner,anddaredtostruggle.JaneEyreisagreatworkintheEnglishistoryofliterature,whichspreadsuntilnow,andletsmanypeoplebeu

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