動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)

1、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)一、動詞的時態(tài)(1) 表示習(xí)慣性或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。 He writes to his parents once a month.他每月給父母寫一封信。She is always late for class. 她上課總是遲到。 (2) 表示客觀事實、普遍真理，特別是用于表示科學(xué)事實、客觀存在的事物和格言等。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 表示現(xiàn)階段存在的狀態(tài)。 I dont agree with you. 我不同意你的觀點。 The book is mine. 這本

2、書是我的。 (4) 一些動詞如:come，go，leave，arrive，return，start，begin等常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義上的時間，表示按規(guī)定、方案或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。 The term starts at the beginning of September. 這個學(xué)期從九月份開場。 (5) 在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。When he arrives, hell tell us all about the match. 當(dāng)他到的時候，他會告訴我們這場比賽的經(jīng)過。 I cant come unless my brother agrees. 我不能來，除非我

3、哥哥同意。 (1) 表示過去某一時刻或一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生過的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I wasnt in last night. 昨晚我不在家。 (2) 表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作。 When he was a child, he often swam in the river. 當(dāng)他還是小孩兒的時候，經(jīng)常在這條河里游泳。 (3) 在條件從句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾吹募僭O(shè)。 If I were you, I wouldnt accept the offer. 如果我是你，我不會承受這個提議。 (4) 用于I wish, Id rather, Its (high) time后的that從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?/p>

4、來的事實相反的主觀設(shè)想。 Its time you went to bed. 你該睡覺了。 (1) “will/shall+動詞原形表示將要發(fā)生的動作或狀況。There will be a meeting at four. 4點鐘要開會。They will fly to Beijing in three days.三天后他們將乘飛機(jī)去北京。Youve left the light on. 你沒關(guān)燈。Oh, so I have. Ill go and turn it off. 噢，確實是。我這就去把它關(guān)掉。(2) “is/am/are going to+動詞原形表示說話者明確地打算或根據(jù)某種跡象

5、認(rèn)為要發(fā)生某事。They are going to hold a meeting to discuss it.他們打算開個會來討論這件事。Look at the clouds. Its going to rain.看天上的云彩，要下雨了。(3) “is/am/are to+動詞原形表示方案安排做某事或命令做某事。I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven this morning.我要在今天上午11點見布朗先生。You are to return the book before Friday.你務(wù)必在星期五之前歸還這本書。(4) “is/am/are about to+動詞

6、原形表示即將要發(fā)生的動作,但不可與將來的時間狀語連用，如soon, tomorrow, immediately等。The meeting is about to begin. 會議就要開場了。They are about to start. 他們即將動身。表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見構(gòu)造有：(1) would+動詞原形(2) was/were going to+動詞原形(3) was/were to+動詞原形(4) was/were about to+動詞原形(1) 表示說話時正在進(jìn)展的動作。 I am waiting for the bus. 我正在等公共汽車。 (2

7、) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)展的動作。He is translating a book.他正在翻譯一本書。(3) 有些動詞如:arrive, go, come, start, leave，stay，begin等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時可以表示將來的動作。My grandmother is coming to see me next week. 我奶奶下周要來看我。 (4) 與always，constantly等時間副詞連用，表示不滿、抱怨或贊賞等情感。She is always finding fault with others.她老是挑別人的毛病。John is always thinking of other

8、s.約翰總是為別人著想。(1) 表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)展的動作。I was reading a book when you came in. 你進(jìn)來時我正在看書。(2) 表示過去某一階段正在進(jìn)展的動作。He was writing a novel last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it or not.他去年在寫一部小說，但我不知道他是否已寫完。(1) 表示將來某時刻正在進(jìn)展的動作。What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下星期一的這個時間你會在做什么？When he co

9、mes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他來我家時，我將會在寫報告。(2) 表示預(yù)定的將來的動作或?qū)淼念A(yù)測。I will be working in the department store next month.下個月我將在這個百貨大樓里上班。After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.服藥之后你會感覺好得多。(1) 表示到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的情況或動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在的影響，可能是已經(jīng)完成的動作，也可以表示屢次動作的總和，或習(xí)慣

10、性的行為。I have cut my finger. 我割破了手。Ive always walked to school. 我一直步行去學(xué)校。(2) 表示一個動作發(fā)生在過去，但一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)展下去，這時常常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。I have studied English for four years. 我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)有四年了。 He has lived in Shanghai since 1992. 自從1992年以來他一直住在上海。 (3) 現(xiàn)在完成時用于將來的情況，即:主句為一般將來時，時間和條件從句中的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來某時刻完成的動作。Ill lend the

11、magazine to you as soon as Ive finished reading it. 我一看完這本雜志就借給你。(1) 過去完成時表示在過去某一動作或時間之前，另一個動作已經(jīng)完畢，它強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去。 When I got to the airport, the flight had taken off.當(dāng)我到達(dá)機(jī)場時，飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。He told me he had finished all the work.他告訴我他已完成了所有的工作。By the end of that month Jack had collected more than a hundred for

12、eign stamps. 到那個月底，杰克已收集了一百多張外國郵票。 (2) 在由if, if only, as if, as though, Id rather, I wish等引導(dǎo)的從句中，表示與過去事實相反的主觀愿望或想法。 If the driver had been careful enough, all the passengers would be safe now. 如果這個司機(jī)能足夠小心，那么所有的乘客現(xiàn)在就都平安了。(3) intend，mean，hope，want，think，plan等動詞的過去完成時可表示一種未實現(xiàn)的愿望或想法。 They had wanted to

13、come to help us, but couldnt get here in time.他們本想來幫助我們，但沒能及時趕到這里。將來完成時表示在將來某個日期或某一動作發(fā)生之前，另一個動作將要完畢。Theyll have hit the years target by the end of October. 到十月份末他們將會實現(xiàn)年度目標(biāo)。By next month I will have studied German for just two years. 到下個月我學(xué)德語正好兩年了?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時主要表示從過去某一時間開場一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，這個動作可能仍然在進(jìn)展，也可能停頓了一會兒。

14、She is ill. Shes been lying in the bed for two weeks. 她病了，已經(jīng)臥床兩個星期了。We have been looking for you for an hour.我們找了你一個小時了。過去完成進(jìn)展時表示動作從過去某一時間之前開場，到過去某一時間仍在進(jìn)展或剛剛完畢，必須以某一特定的過去時間為前提。He told me he had been writing the paper for one month. 他告訴我他寫論文已經(jīng)一個月了。 I had been waiting outside for half an hour before s

15、he called me in. 在她叫我進(jìn)去之前，我已經(jīng)在外面等了半個小時了。二、動詞的語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：一是主動語態(tài)，二是被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者，那么為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的承受者，那么為被動動態(tài)。 被動語態(tài)主要由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成；而時態(tài)那么由助動詞的各種變化來表示，要注意助動詞be的時態(tài)必須與相應(yīng)的主動句保持一致。被動語態(tài)還可以由get構(gòu)成，這也是高考試題中常出現(xiàn)的語言點之一。John was fired last week. 約翰上周被辭退了。My finger got badly burnt, now it becomes swollen. 我的手指被傷

16、得很重，現(xiàn)在腫起來了?？膳cget相搭配的過去分詞有：broken, burnt, killed, hurt, washed, lost, confused, married, dressed, divorced, engaged等。 一般現(xiàn)在時： is (am, are)+過去分詞一般過去時： was (were)+過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時： is (am, are)+being+過去分詞過去進(jìn)展時： was (were) +being+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時： have (has)+been+過去分詞過去完成時： had +been+過去分詞一般將來時： shall (will)+be+過去分詞過去將

17、來時： should (would)+be +過去分詞3. 主動表示被動的幾種情況:(1) 不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見的動詞有：cut，sell，read，write，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等。These books sell well. 這些書銷售得不錯。The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫起來很流暢。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather. 肉在這樣熱的天氣里不宜久放。(2) 連系動詞的主動式形容詞。常見動詞短語有:look，smell，taste，sound，feel，tu

18、rn out等。The apples taste good. 這些蘋果很好吃。The flower smells wonderful.這花聞起來很香。Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起來很柔軟。(3) 不定式用在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞有：hard，difficult，easy，heavy，fit，good，comfortable，convenient等。The question is difficult to answer. 這個問題難以答復(fù)。The box is heavy to carry.這個盒子搬著很沉。例1:Why does the lake sm

19、ell terrible? -Because large quantities of water .2021福建A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been polluted解析：選D?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂語一致。根據(jù)前一分句可知,所填動詞表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，故時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時；動詞與主語是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。主語是large quantities of water，其中心詞是quantities，為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)選D。例2:According to the lit

20、erary review, Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays. 2021福建A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes解析:選D?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)。題干是陳述一個客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時,應(yīng)選D。例3:Would you please keep silent? The weather report and I want to listen.2021湖南A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been

21、broadcast D. had been broadcast解析:選B?？疾鞎r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為：請保持安靜行嗎? 我想聽正在播放的天氣預(yù)報。說話時正在發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用進(jìn)展時,同時表示被動含義。應(yīng)選B。例4:The food here is nice enough.My friend me a right place.2021湖南A. introduces B. introducedC. had introduced D. was introducing解析:選B?？疾鞎r態(tài)的用法。句意為：這里的食物不錯。我的朋友給我介紹了一個正確的地方。表示過去的行為。例5:I was out of town

22、 at the time, so I dont know exactly how it . 2021山東A. was happening B. happenedC. happens D. has happened 解析:選B?？疾炀唧w語境中的時態(tài)，后半句隱藏的時間狀語是at the time。例6:This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family. 2021陜西A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen解析:選D?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)?！癟his is the+序數(shù)詞+time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中動詞時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時。應(yīng)選D。例7: