技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施與中國貿(mào)易可持續(xù)發(fā)展

1、 TBT and Chinas Sustainable Trade Development技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施與中國貿(mào)易可繼續(xù)開展Yu Lixin, Chinese Academy of Social Science于立新，中國社科院財貿(mào)所.1. Impact of TBT on Chinas Export中國出口中遇到的TBT 1.1 Machinery and Electrical Products 機電產(chǎn)品TBTs have increased cost of Chinas export of machinery and electrical products. 中國出口機電產(chǎn)品遇到 TBT后

2、添加本錢最多 Machinery and electrical industry is the largest export industry in China. In 2006, the export of machinery and electrical products accounts for 56.7% of total export. Statistics shows that s direct damage on the machinery and electrical industry was 8.7 billion USD in 2006, accounting for 24

3、.2% of the total direct damage in China. ( 2007)機電行業(yè)是中國第一大出口行業(yè)。2006年，機電產(chǎn)品出口占全年出口總額的56.7%，據(jù)國家質(zhì)檢總局統(tǒng)計，2006年，機電行業(yè)因國外技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施而所受直接損失就到達87億美圓，占當(dāng)年度出口貿(mào)易直接損失總額的24.2%，位列所受影響行業(yè)之首國家質(zhì)檢總局網(wǎng)，2007。 . 1.2 Textiles 紡織品China is the largest textiles producer and exporter in the world, accounts for about a quarte

4、r of the world total export. However, international communities especially developed countries have developed more serious TBT to protect their markets. TBT has become the major barrier for Chinas textiles export. 中國是目前世界上最大的紡織品消費和出口國, 紡織品服裝出口占世界的1/4。但是，國外特別是興隆國家經(jīng)過設(shè)置越來越嚴厲的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施來進展市場維護。TBT已逐漸成為影響中國

5、紡織品出口的主要妨礙。 .1.3 Agricultural Products 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品Most kinds of Chinas export of agricultural Products were affected by TBT/SPS. With increasingly concerns on public health in the world, international communities especially developed countries take more serious TBT/SPS on the import of agricultural products

6、 in order to limit the residual pesticide to ensure the quality of products, and put more requests for packaging and labeling for the products, which results in unprecedented restraints for Chinas export of agricultural products. 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品食品遭到TBT/SPS影響面最廣。隨著全球?qū)οM者生命安康權(quán)益的日益注重，國外特別是興隆國家針對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品采取了日趨嚴厲的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易維護措

7、施，以控制農(nóng)藥殘留，保證產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量，并對涉及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的包裝、標簽等提出了更多的要求，使得我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口遭到了前所未有的限制。 .2.How TBT impacts sustainable trade development in China 如何對待TBT對中國貿(mào)易可繼續(xù)開展的影響TBT has mixed impacts on trade: on one hand, TBT can block market access. On the other hand, TBT plays active roles in promoting technology upgrading which bene

8、fits sustainable development. 技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施對貿(mào)易的影響具有兩面性。一方面影響其他國家產(chǎn)品進入，另一方面，技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施具有促進消費技術(shù)提高，有利于可繼續(xù)開展。 .Principles for TBT policy to promote sustainable trade strategy. 為促進可繼續(xù)開展，中國TBT政策應(yīng)遵照的原那么： To establish improved environmental measures and legal system in compliance with international practices. 建立比較完善且

9、符合國際慣例的環(huán)境措施及法律制度 To follow the rules of green trade, and proactively seek solutions on green TBT. 順應(yīng)綠色貿(mào)易潮流，積極尋求突破綠色貿(mào)易壁壘.To internalize the cost of environment into the total cost of the products. 積極探求環(huán)境本錢內(nèi)生化的途徑To promote circular economy. 大力開展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟To strengthen international cooperation. 加強國際交流與協(xié)作To

10、coordinate trade policy instruments, and promote STS. 協(xié)調(diào)各種貿(mào)易政策手段 ，促進貿(mào)易可繼續(xù)開展.3.Policy recommendations for Chinas sustainable trade development 貿(mào)易可繼續(xù)開展下中國政策選擇Chinese government, intermediate associations and enterprises should take active efforts to improve cooperation to enhance the capability of dea

11、ling with TBT. 為提高我國政府部門和出口企業(yè)應(yīng)對國外技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的才干和程度，政府、中介組織和企業(yè)應(yīng)加強聯(lián)絡(luò)與協(xié)作。 .3.1Policy Recommendations for Chinese GovernmentTo further improve dissemination and reporting system of technical regulations. 進一步健全和規(guī)范中國技術(shù)法規(guī)的發(fā)布、通報體系 。To establish assessment procedures of TBT to ensure the reliability of assessmen

12、t. 建立TBT合格評定程序，提高評議任務(wù)質(zhì)量 。To provide information of TBT to enterprises. 為企業(yè)獲取TBT相關(guān)信息創(chuàng)建通暢的渠道 。To improve the capability of industry associations to deal with TBT. 積極協(xié)助行業(yè)組織提高應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施的才干。To upgrade overall technology capability and technical standards. 提高整體技術(shù)程度和技術(shù)規(guī)范 。.3.2 Policy Recommendations for Int

13、ermediate AssociationsTo provide training for enterprises on TBT. 加強對企業(yè)關(guān)于TBT的培訓(xùn) To bridge the gap between enterprises and government. 擔(dān)當(dāng)起企業(yè)和政府之間的橋梁 ，協(xié)助企業(yè)更好地應(yīng)對TBTTo follow up the development of TBT and provide the information to enterprises. 深化研討各國技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施 的進展，為企業(yè)提供信息效力.3.3 Policy Recommendations for Export Enterprises To actively ap