英語不規(guī)則動詞表

1、 英語不規(guī)則動詞表英語四級不規(guī)則動詞表(說明:下表為常用不規(guī)則動詞得過去式與過去分詞。有得動詞列出兩種過去分詞形式,其中有*號得常用作形容詞。) 第一組“ AAA ”型動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 bet(打賭) bet(ted) bet(ted) burst(爆裂) burst burst cast(投) cast cast broadcast(廣播) broadcast(ed) broadcast(ed) forecast(預(yù)報) forecast(ed) forecast(ed) cost(價錢為) cost cost cut(切) cut cut hit(打) hit hit hurt(

2、使受傷) hurt hurt let(讓) let let put(放) put put quit(放棄) quit(ted) quit(ted) readri:d(讀) readred readred rid(使擺脫) rid(ded) rid(ded) set(放) set set upset(弄翻) upset upset shed(流出) shed shed shut(關(guān)閉) shut shut split(劈開) split split spread(傳播) spread spread thrust(插) thrust thrust wet(弄濕) wet(ted) wet(ted)

3、 第二組“ ABB ”型動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 bend(彎曲) bent bent bind(捆綁) bound bound bleed(出血) bled bled breed(繁殖) bred bred bring(帶來) brought brought build(建筑) built built burn(燃燒) burnt, burned burnt*, burned 1 buy(買) bought bought catch(捉住) caught caught clothe(給穿衣服) clothed clothed creep(爬行) crept crept dealdi:l(對

4、付) dealtdelt dealtdelt dig(挖) dug dug dreamdri:m(做夢) dreameddri:md dreameddri:mddreamtdremt dreamtdremt feed(喂) fed fed feel(感覺) felt felt fight(戰(zhàn)斗) fought fought find(找到) found found flee(逃走) fled fled get(得到) got got,(主美)gotten* grind(磨碎) ground ground hang(懸掛) hung hung hang(絞死) hanged hanged hav

5、e(有) had had hear (聽見) heardh:d heardh:d heave(起伏) heaved, hove heaved, hove hold(拿著) held held keep(保持) kept kept kneel(跪) knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeld lay(放下) laid laid lead(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)) led led mislead(誤導(dǎo)) misled misled leanli:n(靠) leantlent leantlentleanedli:nd leanedli:nd leapli:p(跳) leaptlept leaptlept

6、leapedli:pt; lept leapedli:pt; lept learn(學(xué)) learned, learnt learned* 2 , learnt leave(離開) left left lend(把借給) lent lent light(點燃) lit, lighted lit, lighted lose(失去) lost lost make(制造) made made meanmi:n(意指) meantment meantment meet(遇見) met met melt(熔化) melted melted,molten* pay(支付) paid paid prove(

7、證明) proved proved,(主美)proven saysei(說) saidsed saidsed seek(尋找) sought sought sell(賣) sold sold send(送) sent sent shave(刮臉) shaved shaved,shaven* shine(照耀) shone shone 3shoot(發(fā)射) shot shot sit(坐) sat sat sleep(睡) slept slept slide(滑動) slid slid smell(嗅) smelled, smelt smelled, smelt speed(迅速前進(jìn)) sped

8、, speeded sped, speeded spell(拼寫) spelt, spelled spelt, spelled spend(花費) spent spent spill(溢出) spilt, spilled spilt, spilled spin(旋轉(zhuǎn)) spunspun spit(吐痰) spat, spit spat, spit spoil(寵壞) spoiled, spoilt spoiled, spoilt* stand(站,立) stood stood misunderstand(誤解) misunderstood misunderstood understand(理解

9、) understood understood withstand(經(jīng)受) withstood withstood stick(粘住) stuck stucksting(刺) stung stung strike(打) struck struck string(縛) strung strung sweep(掃) swept swept swing(搖擺) swung swung teach(教) taught taught tell(告訴) told told think(想) thought thought weep(哭泣) wept wept win(獲勝) won won wind(繞)

10、 wound wound 注 注: :1、 在第二組動詞中,有些兩種過去式與過去分詞形式,一種以 t 結(jié)尾。一種以 ed 結(jié)尾(規(guī)則形式)。一般來說,前者多見于英國英語,而后者尤為美國英語所用。作形容詞用時,讀作 3、shine 表示“擦亮”得意思時,用作規(guī)則動詞。第三組“ ABC ”型動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 arise(出現(xiàn)) arose arisen awake(喚醒) awoke, awaked awoken, awaked bear(生) bore borne, born* 1begin(開始) began begun bid(命令) bade, bid bidden, bid 2

11、forbid(禁止) forbade, forbad forbiddenbite(咬) bit bitten blow(吹) blew blown break(打破) broke broken choose(選擇) chose chosen do(做) did done undo(解開) undid undone draw(拉) drew drawn withdraw(撤退) withdrew withdrawn drink(喝) drank drunkdrive(駕駛) drove driven eat(吃) ate(英)et; eit(美)eit eaten fall(落下) fell f

12、allen forget(忘記) forgot forgotten fly(飛) flew flown freeze(結(jié)冰) froze frozen give(給) gave given forgive(原諒) forgave forgiven go(去) went gone undergo(經(jīng)歷) underwent undergone grow(生長) grew grown hide(隱藏) hid hidden, hid know(知道) knew known lie(躺) lay lainride(騎) rode ridden ring(響) rang rung rise(升起) r

13、ose risen saw(鋸) sawed sawn, sawed see(瞧見) saw seen sew(縫) sewed sewn, sewed shake(搖動) shook shaken show(表明) showed shown, showed shrink(收縮) shrankshrunksing(唱) sang sung sink(下沉) sank sunksow(播種) sowed sown, sowed speak(說) spoke spoken spring(跳) sprang sprung steal(偷) stole stolen swear(發(fā)誓) swore s

14、worn swell(腫脹) swelled swollen, swelled swim(游泳) swam swum take(拿) took taken mistake(弄錯) mistook mistaken overtake(趕上) overtook overtaken undertake(承擔(dān)) undertook undertaken tear(撕) tore torn thrive(興旺) throve, thrived thriven, thrived throw(投) threw thrown wake(醒來) woke, waked woken, waked wear(穿著)

15、 wore worn weave(織,編) wove woven write(寫) wrote written 注 注:1、 bear 一般作“生(育)”解時,過去分詞用 borne; 作“出生”解時,過去分詞用 born。該詞用作其它意思時,過去分詞一般為 borne。試比較: She has borne five children、 她已生(育)了五個孩子。He was born in 1955、 她出生于 1955 年。All the costs of the repairs will be borne by our pany、 所有維修費用將由我們公司承擔(dān)。2、 bid 表示“出價”“

16、叫牌”等意思時,過去式與過去分詞形式均為 bid。3、 lie 表示“說謊”得意思時,用作規(guī)則動詞。第四組“其它型” 動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 be(就是) was, were been beat beat beaten e came e bee became bee overe overcame overerun ran run 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 1、構(gòu)成方法及讀音規(guī)則2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)得不規(guī)則變化3、不可數(shù)名詞量得表示4、定語名詞得復(fù)數(shù)5、不同國籍人得單復(fù)數(shù) 1 1 、構(gòu)成方法及讀音規(guī)則1) 一般情況加 s:mapmaps boyboys girlgirls penpens bagbags carca

17、rs清輔音后讀/s/ 濁輔音與元音后讀 /z/2) 以 s, sh, ch, x 結(jié)尾加 es, 讀 /iz/busbuses watchwatches boxboxes brushbrushes3) 以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾,變 y 為 i 再加 es, 讀 /z/babybabies citycities countrycountries但以 y 結(jié)尾得專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾得名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,直接加 s 變復(fù)數(shù)。例如:two Marys the Henrys monkeymonkeys holidayholidays4) 以 o 結(jié)尾得名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時:a、以兩個元音字母結(jié)尾(其一必定就是

18、 o)時,加 szoozoos kangarookangaroosb、某些外來詞potato potatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes NegroNegroesc、其余情況,都加 s5) 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾得名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時:a、 加 s,如: beliefbeliefs roofroofssafesafes gulfgulfs;b、 去 f,fe 加 ves,如:halfhalvesknifeknives leafleaves wolfwolveswifewives lifelives thiefthieves;c、 上述 a 與 b 兩種方法均可,如 handk

19、erchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。2 2 、名詞復(fù)數(shù)得不規(guī)則變化1) childchildren footfeet toothteethmousemice manmen womanwomen注意:由一個詞加 man 或 woman 構(gòu)成得合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也就是 men 與 women,如 an Englishman,two Englishmen。但 German 不就是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans;Bowman 就是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)就是 the Bowmans。2) 單復(fù)同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese

20、,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 等。但除人民幣得元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3) 集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù)。例如:people police cattle 等本身就就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle、4) 以 s 結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)得名詞,如:a、 maths,politics,physics 等學(xué)科名詞,一般就是不

21、可數(shù)名詞,為單數(shù)。b、 news 為不可數(shù)名詞。c、 the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized in 1945、 聯(lián)合國就是 1945 年組建起來得。d、 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)得書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。例如:”The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting storybook、 一千零一夜就是一本非常有趣得故事書。5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成得東西,如:glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes 等,若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞

22、 pair(對,雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。6) 另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思,如:goods 貨物,waters 水域,fishes(各種)魚。7) 有些表示生物得名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)相同。如:fishfish, sheepsheep, deerdeer。這類名詞還有 aircraft, means 等3 3 、不可數(shù)名詞量得 表示1)物質(zhì)名詞a、 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)。比較:Cake is a kind of food、 蛋糕就是一種食物。(不可數(shù))These cakes a

23、re sweet、 這些蛋糕很好吃。(可數(shù))b、 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)得種類時,可數(shù)。例如:This factory produces steel、 (不可數(shù))We need various steels、 (可數(shù))c、 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時,可數(shù)。例如:Our country is famous for tea、 我國因茶葉而聞名。Two teas, please、 請來兩杯茶。2) 抽象名詞表示具體得事例時也可數(shù)。例如:four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四個現(xiàn)代化物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定得數(shù)量,如 a glass of wa

24、ter a piece of advicea pile of caol a flash of lightening a burst of laughter編輯本段 4 4 、定語名詞得復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如:sports meeting 運動會 students readingroom 學(xué)生閱覽室talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系2) man, woman, gentleman 等作定語時,其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾得名詞得單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:men workers women teacher

25、s gentlemen officials3)有些原有 s 結(jié)尾得名詞,作定語時,s 保留。例如:goods train (貨車) arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷4) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如:twodozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a tenmile walk 十英里路twohundred trees 兩百棵樹 a fiveyear plan、 一個五年計劃5 5 、不同國籍人得單復(fù)數(shù)名稱 總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù)) 一個人 兩個人 中國人 the Chinesea Chinese two Chine

26、se 瑞士人 the Swissa Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄國人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italiansan Italian two Italians 希臘人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks 法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese 美國人 the Americans an

27、American two Americans 印度人 the Indiansan Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians 德國人 the Germans a German two Germans 英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedisha Swede two Swedes 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)(Singular Form)與復(fù)數(shù)(Plural Form)兩種形式。表示一個人或物用單數(shù)形式,表示一個以上得人或物用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.一般在詞尾加

28、s。s 在濁輔音后面讀z,在清輔音后面讀s,在t后與t一起讀ts在d后與d一起讀dz。例如:book books 書day days 天、日dog dogs 狗tree trees樹 2.以 s,sh,ch,x 結(jié)尾得詞在詞尾加 es,讀iz、例如: glass glasses玻璃杯watch watches手表box boxes盒子brush brushes刷子 3.以 o 結(jié)尾得詞有些加 es,讀z;有些加 s,讀s。例如:tomato tomatoes 西紅柿potato potatoes土豆photo photos相片radio radios 收音機(jī)zoo zoos 動物園 4.以 f

29、 或 fe 結(jié)尾得詞,先把 f 改為 v,再加es,讀vz。例如:knife knives 小刀leaf leaves樹葉life lives生命thief thieves 小偷 5.以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾得,先把 y 改為 i,再加 es,讀z。例如:story stories故事city cities城市family families家庭baby babies 嬰兒注意:boy boys 男孩toy toys 玩具key keys 鑰匙 6.有些名詞有不規(guī)則得復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:man men男人woman women婦女tooth teeth牙齒foot feet腳 7.有些名詞得單復(fù)數(shù)形式

30、相同。例如;deer deer鹿sheep sheep 綿羊Chinese Chinese中國人Japanese Japanese 日本人 8.有些學(xué)科名詞雖以 s 結(jié)尾,但通常都做單數(shù)名詞瞧待。例如:physics 物理maths 數(shù)學(xué)politics政治news 新聞 9.有些單數(shù)形式得名詞具有復(fù)數(shù)得含義,要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)瞧待。例如:people 人們,人民police 警察public 公眾 1、不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式 1)來自古英語得復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: childchildrenfootfeettoothteethgoosegeese manmenwomanwomenmousemicelouselice

31、 oxoxenpennypenceanalysisanalysesappendixappendices parenthesisparenthesesbasisbasesellipsisellipses axisaxeshypothesishypothesesoasisoasescrisiscrises criterioncriteriaphenomenonphenomenadatumdatamediummedia bacteriumbacterianucleusnucleifungusfungistimulusstimuli alumnusalumnifocusfociradiusradiit

32、erminustermini larvalarvaealgaalgaeformulaformulae當(dāng)代美國英語中往往把 data 當(dāng)做單數(shù)用,因此常見到復(fù)數(shù)形式 datas。另外,lens就是一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 lenses。1)詞尾讀音為f并以f 或 0fe 結(jié)尾得名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有以下幾種情況:a)規(guī)則形式: beliefbeliefschiefchiefscliffcliffsgriefgriefsb)不規(guī)則形式,即把f 或fe 變成v,再加es,讀音為vz: calfcalveshalfhalvesleafleaveslifelives loafloavesselfshelv

33、esthiefthieveswifewives wolfwolvesc)既可就是規(guī)則形式又可就是不規(guī)則形式: dwarfdwarfs/dwarveshoofhoofs/hoves scarfscarfs/scarveswharfwharfs/wharves3)詞干以o 結(jié)尾得名次有三種情況: a)附屬形式為s:這類詞包括縮略詞 kilos,photos;表示國籍或民族得詞Filipinos,Eskimos 以及 radios,solos,sopranos,studiosb)復(fù)數(shù)形式為es,如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,Negroes。c)復(fù)數(shù)有規(guī)則得與不規(guī)則得兩種形式,

34、如: cargocargos/cargoesmosquitomosquitos/mosquitoesvolcanovolacbos/volcanoes2、單復(fù)數(shù)同形得名詞1)某些動物名詞,如:deer,grouse,salmon,trout,carp,bison,sheep 等2) 以 ese 或 ss 結(jié) 尾 得 表 示 民 族 或 國 籍 得 名 詞 ,如:Chinses,Japanese,Portuguese,Swiss,Vietnamese 等3) 某 些 以 s 結(jié) 尾 得 名 詞 ,如:barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,m

35、eans,series,species,works 等4)某些表示計量單位得名詞,如:horsepower,hertz,kilohertz,li,mu 等其她一些名詞,如:aircraft,spacercarft,craft,offspring 等。其中請?zhí)貏e注意s 結(jié)尾得單復(fù)數(shù)同形得名詞,它們就是考試得重點！3、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞前一般不需要加定冠詞,永遠(yuǎn)不能加不定冠詞！例如下列用法均屬錯誤: the mathematicsthe bankinga clothan equipment不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如:Water is important、 但如果不可數(shù)名詞前面被 pi

36、ece,drop,set 等詞修飾時,謂語應(yīng)該與 piece,drop,set 等得單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致 例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower、下面就是典型得不可數(shù)名詞,就是應(yīng)該熟記得！air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electrici

37、ty,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention

38、,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,arc

39、hitecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,obsterics請?zhí)貏e注意其中以s 結(jié)尾得不可數(shù)名詞,大家平時應(yīng)該積累遇到得不可數(shù)名詞！注意下列可數(shù)名詞！poetpoemessaynewspapermachineweaponscenephotographphotographer英語中有許多名詞

40、既可作可數(shù),又可作不可數(shù)。如:hair 作“人或動物得毛”得時候就是可數(shù)名詞,作頭發(fā)解釋時就是不可數(shù)名詞。判斷一個詞就是否可數(shù),除了記憶以外, 主要瞧題中該名詞得修飾詞來決定。如:much 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞4、單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式得詞義不同得名詞 英語中有些名詞得復(fù)數(shù)形式得詞義不同于單數(shù)形式,如: air(空氣)air(氣派)arm(手臂)arms(武器)ash(灰)ashes(骨灰;廢墟) authority(權(quán)利)authorities(當(dāng)局)cloth(織物)clothes(衣服)content(含量)contents(目錄) custom(習(xí)慣)customs(海關(guān);關(guān)稅)damage(損害)damages(賠償金)force(力量)forces(武裝部隊) glass(玻璃)glasses(眼鏡)good(利益)goods(貨物)green(綠色)greens(青菜)letter(字母)letters(文學(xué))manner(方式)manners(舉止,儀態(tài))minute(分鐘)minutes(記錄) pain(痛苦)pains(勞苦)papaer(紙)papers(文件)quarter(1/4)quarter(宿舍)