小作文開(kāi)頭段基本句型

1、關(guān)于小作文開(kāi)頭段基本句型第一張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Writing Task 1 基本要求summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparison where relevant.總結(jié)信息 （概括特征，數(shù)據(jù)支持）選擇和匯報(bào)主要的特點(diǎn)如果合適的話，進(jìn)行比較第二張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2014年小作文題型分布2014年小作文題型分布Times柱狀圖13表格10曲線圖8餅圖23、流程圖64、地圖7混合圖2柱狀圖27%餅圖4%流程圖12%地圖1

2、5%曲線圖17%表格21%混合圖4%2014年小作文題型分布1、動(dòng)態(tài)圖2、靜態(tài)圖第三張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月小作文完成步驟-圖表（線/柱/表/餅圖）第一步：審題第二步：開(kāi)頭段（改寫題目）第三步：完成主體部分第四步：結(jié)尾段第四張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第1步：審題首先，確定圖形類別 動(dòng)態(tài)圖（時(shí)間段） 靜態(tài)圖（時(shí)間點(diǎn)） 然后，確定描述對(duì)象 動(dòng)態(tài)圖：有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖：幾個(gè)對(duì)象其次，確定時(shí)態(tài)第四，確定圖中重要的信息第五，確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)（分段）第五張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月區(qū)別動(dòng)態(tài)圖和靜態(tài)圖動(dòng)態(tài)圖：強(qiáng)調(diào)變化趨勢(shì)靜態(tài)圖：強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比時(shí)間動(dòng)態(tài)圖靜態(tài)圖時(shí)間段時(shí)間點(diǎn)/

3、無(wú)第六張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：判斷動(dòng)態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動(dòng)態(tài)圖第七張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：判斷動(dòng)態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動(dòng)態(tài)圖25%20%15%10%5%第八張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：判斷動(dòng)態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動(dòng)態(tài)圖US population by race and ethnicity第九張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：判斷動(dòng)態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 靜態(tài)圖第十張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：判斷動(dòng)態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動(dòng)態(tài)圖The pie charts compare the sources of pollutants i

4、n a particular area of ocean.第十一張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月commuter railheavy raillight railbusDemand response練習(xí)：判斷動(dòng)態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 靜態(tài)圖第十二張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：判斷動(dòng)態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 靜態(tài)圖第十三張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第1步：審題首先，確定圖形類別 動(dòng)態(tài)圖（時(shí)間段） 靜態(tài)圖（時(shí)間點(diǎn)） 然后，確定描述對(duì)象 動(dòng)態(tài)圖：有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖：幾個(gè)對(duì)象其次，確定時(shí)態(tài)第四，確定圖中重要的信息第五，確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)（分段）第十四張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022

5、年6月練習(xí)：確定描述對(duì)象4根線第十五張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：確定描述對(duì)象4根線25%20%15%10%5%第十六張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：確定描述對(duì)象10根線US population by race and ethnicity第十七張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：確定描述對(duì)象7根線The pie charts compare the sources of pollutants in a particular area of ocean.第十八張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：確定描述對(duì)象5個(gè)對(duì)象第十九張，PPT共六十

6、一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第1步：審題首先，確定圖形類別 動(dòng)態(tài)圖（時(shí)間段） 靜態(tài)圖（時(shí)間點(diǎn)） 然后，確定描述對(duì)象 動(dòng)態(tài)圖：有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖：幾個(gè)對(duì)象其次，確定時(shí)態(tài)：第四，確定圖中重要的信息第五，確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)（分段）通過(guò)給定的時(shí)間確定第二十張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：確定時(shí)態(tài) 過(guò)去時(shí)第二十一張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：確定時(shí)態(tài) 25%20%15%10%5%過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)第二十二張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第1步：審題首先，確定圖形類別 動(dòng)態(tài)圖（時(shí)間段） 靜態(tài)圖（時(shí)間點(diǎn)） 然后，確定描述對(duì)象 動(dòng)態(tài)圖：有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖：幾個(gè)對(duì)象其次，確定時(shí)態(tài)第四，

7、確定圖中重要的信息 （最高值、第二高值、起始結(jié)束值、反轉(zhuǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)、總體趨勢(shì)）第五，確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)（分段）第二十三張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)態(tài)圖什么數(shù)值比較重要一般來(lái)說(shuō)：（針對(duì)一條線來(lái)說(shuō)）1、最高值2、最后一年的數(shù)據(jù)3、第一年的數(shù)據(jù)4、中間的數(shù)據(jù)第二十四張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí)：確定重要信息 最高值：road第二高值：water最低值：pipeline總體趨勢(shì)：road，water，pipeline上升，rail 平穩(wěn)第二十五張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第1步：審題1. 確定圖形類別：2. 確定描述對(duì)象：3.確定時(shí)態(tài)：4.確定重要信息5.分段：動(dòng)

8、態(tài)圖（1974-2002） 有4根線分兩段過(guò)去時(shí)最高值：road貨運(yùn)量最大最低值：pipeline貨運(yùn)量最少趨勢(shì)：road，water，pipeline貨運(yùn)量上升，rail 貨運(yùn)量平穩(wěn)第二十六張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月小作文完成步驟-圖表（線/柱/表/餅圖）第一步：審題第二步：開(kāi)頭段（改寫題目）第三步：完成主體部分第四步：結(jié)尾段第二十七張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第2步：開(kāi)頭段基本句式1. informatione.g. The chart/graph provides/presents the information/data about. .2. compar

9、e+名詞e.g. The chart compares. . 3. show/illustrate +名詞e.g. The chart shows the changes in. .4. how+賓語(yǔ)從句e.g. The chart/graph shows/illustrates how. . changed/varied. .（How 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句后面一定要加完整的句子)5. that+賓語(yǔ)從句：粗略的描述總體趨勢(shì)e.g. The chart/graph shows/reveals/indicates/suggests that. . 第二十八張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月開(kāi)

10、頭段簡(jiǎn)單換詞graph （圖表、曲線圖）chart (圖表) =diagram = shows (v.) = information = the number of =the proportion of =poeple in the USA=how to produce=in three countries=表達(dá)（一段時(shí)間) 例如：從1999到2009年=line graphbar chart，pie chart，flow chartFrom 1999 to 2009 = between 1999 and 2009 = over a period of 10 years=over the pe

11、riod from 1999 to 2009 = during the period between 1999 and 2009in the UK, France and Spainthe process of producingAmericansthe percentage of = the figure forthe figure fordata illustrates figure （流程圖）= flow chart第二十九張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí): 開(kāi)頭段改寫第三十張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí): 開(kāi)頭段改寫The graph provides t

12、he information about the amounts of goods transported in the United Kindom by four means of transport over the period from 1974 to 2000. The line graph compares the quantities of goods transported in the United Kindom by four types of transport from 1974 to 2000. The graph illustrates the quantities

13、 of goods transported in the United Kingdom by four means of transport from 1974 to 2002. The graph illustrates (how the quantities of goods transported by four means of transport had changed) in the United Kingdom over a period of nearly 30 years. 注意: 從句的完整性第三十一張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí): 開(kāi)頭段改寫The fol

14、lowing table presents some information about consumer spending on three items in five different countries in 2002.The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of products and services in five countries in 2002. 第三十二張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí): 開(kāi)頭段改寫The bar chart compares diff

15、erent age groups in terms of internet usage between 2003 and 2006.第三十三張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月USA 40%Others 20%UK 10%Japan 30%Above 50 years old50%Below 30 years old15%40-49 years old20%練習(xí): 開(kāi)頭段改寫法一：The two pie charts demonstrate the situation of overseas travel by Indians in terms of four destinations

16、and age groups respectively. 法二：The first pie chart depicts the information about the number of Indians travelling to different countries, and the second one illustrates the figure for India travellers by different age groups. 第三十四張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習(xí): 開(kāi)頭段改寫-流程圖The diagram below shows the process

17、 by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.brick manufacturingdiggerbrickswire cuttersand + watermetal gridrollerclaydeliverypackagingcooling chamberkilndrying ovenmould法二：The diagram shows how the bricks are produced in seven steps for the building purposes. 法一：The diagram shows th

18、e process of brick manufacturing in seven steps for the building purposes. 第三十五張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below shows the development of the village. 1868 18831883 19221922 1970

19、1970 1994built 1970built 1909練習(xí): 開(kāi)頭段改寫-地圖方法一：The map shows the changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868 to 1994.方法二：The map illustrates the changes in an area called Chorleywood during the period from 1868 to 1994. 第三十六張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月

20、小作文完成步驟-圖表（線/柱/表/餅圖）第一步：審題第二步：開(kāi)頭段（改寫題目）第三步：完成主體部分第四步：結(jié)尾段第三十七張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第3步 主體部分動(dòng)態(tài)圖必備8個(gè)句型1. The figure of . increased/decreased.2. There be 句型3. see/witness4. 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)5. 用after which, during which time, by which time,when, where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句6. 用while/whereas/although 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，或者but引導(dǎo)的并列句7. 倍數(shù)8. 比較級(jí)和最高

21、級(jí)第三十八張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式基本句型1：The figure of . increased rapidly from to during the period from to .主語(yǔ)(.的數(shù)值)描述趨勢(shì)的 V.描述變化幅度的 adv.描述變化幅度的 prep.時(shí)間范圍The figure of.The amount of.The quantity of.The number of.The percentage of.The proportion of.上升下降大幅度地顯著地穩(wěn)定地平穩(wěn)地小幅度地微弱地by .to .from.toduring/over

22、the period from.to.;in the following.years;in the early/late period between.and.increase;rise;grow;climb;soar;rocket;surge;ascend;go up;decrease;decline;drop;deminish;descend;plunge;plummet;wind down;fall;go down;markedly；remarkably；significantly;considerably;dramatically;sharply;rapidly;substantial

23、ly;drastically;exponentially;stably;steadily;constantly;gradually;continuously;moderately;gently;slightly;modestly;marginally；slowly;fractionally;insignificantly;注意：表示上升和下降的單詞一般都是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第三十九張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型1：The number of population increa

24、sed considerably to 15 million during the period between 2000 to 2010.第四十張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式基本句型2：There be句型S.+V.冠詞描述變化幅度的 adj.描述趨勢(shì)的 n.時(shí)間范圍There is .; There emerges .;The period from .to.witnesses.; The early/late/subsequent/following.years see.;This is followed by.; It undergoes/experien

25、ces.;aan大幅度的明顯的穩(wěn)定的平穩(wěn)的小幅度的微弱的上升下降in betweenandfrom to.marked;rapid;sharp;significant;dramatic;drastic;considerable;substantial;exponential;stable;steady;constant;gradual;continuous;moderate;gentle;slow;slight;modest;fractional;insignificant;increase;rise;growth;leap;soar;boom;surge;decrease;fall;decl

26、ine;slide;plunge;第四十一張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型2： There was a marked increase in the population from 2000 to 2010.There was a downward/an opposite trend in the population in the following five years. 第四十二張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式基本句型3：see/witnessS.+V

27、.冠詞描述變化幅度的 adj.描述趨勢(shì)的 n.時(shí)間范圍There is .; There emerges .;The period from .to.witnesses.; The early/late/subsequent/following.years see.;This is followed by.; It undergoes/experiences.;aan大幅度的明顯的穩(wěn)定的平穩(wěn)的小幅度的微弱的上升下降in betweenandfrom to.marked;rapid;sharp;significant;dramatic;drastic;considerable;substanti

28、al;exponential;stable;steady;constant;gradual;continuous;moderate;gentle;slow;slight;modest;fractional;insignificant;increase;rise;growth;leap;soar;boom;surge;decrease;fall;decline;slide;plunge;第四十三張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型3：In terms of the population of

29、 M-city, the period from 2000 to 2010 witnessed/saw a significant increase with the figure rising from 5 million at the very start to 15 eventually.第四十四張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月補(bǔ)充知識(shí)-see的使用21世紀(jì)初中國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)大幅上升。China： China saw a dramtic increase in house prices in the 2000s.The 2000s The 2000s saw a dramatic in

30、crease in house prices in China.The real estate industry of China The real estate industry of China saw house prices increase dramtically in the 2000s. 第四十五張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式基本句型4：分詞結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. The number of population nearly doubled, rising from two million to four million in 2010. 注意：double

31、 不及物V，無(wú)被動(dòng) was doubled； 5 million/billion/thousand/hundred, 不加Se.g. The population rose to four million in 2010, before declining to three million in 2012.=The population rose to four million in 2010, after which it declined to three million in 2012.注意：rise不及物V，無(wú)被動(dòng)；第四十六張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變

32、化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型4：The number of population nearly tripled, rising from five million to fifteen million in 2010. The population rose to fifteen million in 2010, before declining to ten million in 2015.第四十七張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式- 定語(yǔ)從句基本句型5：after which，during which time，

33、by which time，when，where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 e.g. The population rose to four million in 2010, after which it declined to three million in 2012. e.g. The volume of fruit sales remained constant until 2010, when the figure rose markedly. 水果銷售額一致保持到2010。在那一年，銷售額急速上升。第四十八張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變化圖200020052010

34、20155201015millionyear基本句型5：The population rose to fifteen million in 2010, after which it declined to ten million in 2015.第四十九張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式- 狀語(yǔ)從句基本句型6：whereas/while/although引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句e.g. The volume of fruit sales amounted to the peak in August whereas it hit the trough in November.水果的

35、銷量在8月份達(dá)到高峰，然而在11月觸到最低值。注意：用while和whereas時(shí)，注意兩個(gè)單句的結(jié)構(gòu)一致。e.g. Although men outnumbered women in science, this number was declined.雖然讀科學(xué)的男生比女生多，（但是）這個(gè)數(shù)字在下降第五十張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型6：The number of population amounted to the peak in 2010 whereas it declined

36、 to 10million in 2015. 第五十一張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式- 倍數(shù)基本句型7：times twice/xx times as much as .; twice/ xx times the figure for ; twice/xx times higher than ; e.g. 2010年，娛樂(lè)的花費(fèi)是書的花費(fèi)的三倍。The spending on entertainment was three times as much as that on books in 2010.The spending on entertainment wa

37、s 5000 dollars, three times the figure for books. The spending on entertainment was three times higher than that on books.注意比較對(duì)象要一致folde.g. 芬蘭老齡化人口增長(zhǎng)了近三倍?；揪湫?The number of aging population of Finland increased nearly three fold. 基本句型3The number of aging population of Finland saw a three-fold increa

38、se. 第五十二張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型7：The number of population in 2010 was three times as much as the figure in 2000. The number of population of M-city increased nearly three fold in 2010. 第五十三張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（圖表類）必備句式 - 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)基本句型8：比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)e.g. 同芬蘭的老

39、齡化人口相比，日本的老齡化人口數(shù)量高出很多。 Compared with the number of aging population of Finland, that of Japan was considerably higher.e.g. 日本的老齡化人口數(shù)量是最多的。 The number of aging population of Japan was highest. 注意：比較級(jí)易犯錯(cuò)誤是“比較對(duì)象不一致” 錯(cuò)誤句子：The volume of fruit sales was approaching five tonnes in 2014, much higher than 20

40、13.正確句子：The volume of fruit sales was approaching five tonnes in 2014, much higher than the figure in 2013.第五十四張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型8：The number of population of M-city in 2010 was highest. 第五十五張，PPT共六十一頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月圖表類小作文最常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤例：The unemployment rate

41、in the UK rose by 2% between 2008 and 2009, whereas Canada decreased by about 1%. The USA was the highest, at just over 4%.錯(cuò)誤1：Canada decreased錯(cuò)誤2：The USA was the highest改正：The unemployment rate in the UK rose by 2% between 2008 and 2009, whereas in Canada it decreased by about 1%. The USA saw the highest rise in employment, with an increase of just ove