Business-plan-template全英商業(yè)計(jì)劃書模板

1、Business plan for a new businessThe business plan consists of a narrative and several financial worksheets. The narrative template is the key to the business plan.It contains more than 150 questions divided into several sections.Omit any questions that do not apply to your type of business. When you

2、 have finished writing your first draft, you will have a collection of small essays on the various aspects of the business plan. The next stage isto edit them into a smooth-flowingnarrative.The real value of creatinga business plan is not in having thefinished plan in your hand; rather, the value li

3、es in the process of researchingand thinkingaboutyourbusinessin a systematicway. The actof planninghelpsyouto thinkthings throughthoroughly, study and research if you are not sure of the facts, and look at your ideas critically. It takes time now, but will help avoid costly, perhaps disastrous, mist

4、akes later.This business plan is a specific model suitable for high-tech businesses. Before you begin, look at the 1st section Tailoring the plan .It has tips for fine-tuning your plan to make an effective presentation to investors. If this is why you re creating your plan, pay particular attention

5、to your writing style. You will be judged by the quality and appearance of your work as well as by your ideas.It typically takes several weeks to complete a good plan. Most ofthat time is spent in researching and revising your ideas and assumptions. But this is the value of the process. So maketimet

6、o do the job properly. Those who do so never regret the effort. And finally, be sure to keep detailed notes on your sources of information and on the assumptions underlying your financial data.Tailoring the planThe generic business plan presented should be modified to suit your specific type of busi

7、ness and the audience for which the plan is written.For raising capitalFor investorsInvestors have a different perspective. They are looking for dramatic growth, and they expect to share in the rewards:o Funds needed short-termo Funds needed in two to five years timeo How the company will use the fu

8、nds, and what this will accomplish for growtho Estimated return on investmento Exit strategy for investors (buyback, sale or IPO)o Proportion of ownership that you will give up to investorso Milestones or conditions that you will accepto Financial reporting to be providedo Involvement of investors o

9、n the board or in managementFor type of businessHigh-tech companiesEconomic outlook for the industryWill the company have information systems in place to manage rapidly changing prices, costs and marketsWill you be on the cutting edge with your products and servicesWhat is the status of research and

10、 development And what is required to:Bring product/service to market Keep the company competitiveHow does the company:Protect intellectual propertyAvoid technological obsolescenceSupply necessary capitalo Retain key personnelHigh-tech companies sometimes have to operate for a long time without profi

11、tsand sometimes even withoutsales. If this fitsyour situation,a banker probably will not want to lend to you.Venture capitalists may invest, but your case must be very good. You must do longer-term financial forecasts to show when profit take-off is expected to occur. And your assumptions must be we

12、ll documented and well argued.Business planOWNERSYour Business NameDateE-MailWebpageTable of contentsExecutive summary Introduction to the Company and its Management Company Overview Organisational Structure The Management Team Advisory Board Proposed Management Compensation Headcount Forecast Produ

13、cts and Services Description Products and Technologies Introduction Detailed Development Plan Product Roadmaps Development Stages Future Applications Marketing Analysis Market Trend Market Segmentation Market Gap (Unique Selling Point) Competitive Analysis Business Model Core Competence SWOT Analysi

14、s Marketing Plan Sales Forecast Realistic Scenario Optimistic Scenario Pessimistic Scenario Risk Analysis and Management Technical Risk Technology Safety Product Quality Delay Competition Risk Management of Growth Market Risk Financial Plan Summary of Assumptions Revenue Direct Variable Costs Fixed

15、Asset Investment Human Resources Services Rendered by 3rd Party Infrastructure and Operational Costs Marketing Tax Break-Even Position Projected profits Investment and Return Financial Statements Business Feasibility and Impact in the UK and China References Appendices Executive summaryWrite this se

16、ction last.We suggest that you make it no more than two pages long.Include everything that you would cover in a five-minute interview.Explain the fundamentals of the proposed business: What will your product be Who will your customers be Who are the owners What do you think the future holds for your

17、 business and your industryMake it enthusiastic, professional, complete and concise.If proposing for an investment, state clearly how much you want, precisely how you are going to use it, and how the money will make your business more profitable, thereby ensuring repayment.Paragraph headings can be

18、used if they identify the purpose of each paragraph. (example below)Company and Management (Team)Product/Service DescriptionMarket AnalysisCompany StrategyRisk AnalysisFinancial PlanInvestment Proposition:.Introduction to the Company and its ManagementCompany OverviewWhat business will you be in Wha

19、t will you doMission Statement: Many companies have a brief mission statement, usually in 30 words or fewer,explaining theirreason for beingand theirguiding principles.If you want to draft a missionstatement, this is a good place to put it in the plan.Organisational StructureIf you ll have more than

20、 10 employees, create an organizational chart showing the management hierarchy and who is responsible for key functions.Include position descriptions for key employees. If you are seeking loans or investors, include resumes of owners and key employees.The Management TeamWho will manage the business

21、on a day-to-day basis What experience does that person bring to the business What special or distinctive competencies Is there a plan for continuation of the business if this person is lost or incapacitatedAdvisory BoardList members of management advisory board and their short resume/CV.Proposed Man

22、agement CompensationIf the management team are willing to reduce their compensation in the first year of businessHeadcount ForecastNumber of employees of each departments and the total in the nextyears. (tables preferred)Products and Services DescriptionProducts and Technologies IntroductionDescribe

23、 in depth your products or services (technical specifications, drawings, photos, sales brochures and other bulky items belong in theAppendices).What factors will give you competitive advantages or disadvantagesExamples include level of quality or unique or proprietary features.What are the cost, fee

24、 or commission structures of your products or servicesDon t forget to include the currentPatent Status .Detailed Development PlanProduct RoadmapsList and describe product type and service of all categories, what they do, when they are available, and the timeline of design, prototype, sample promotio

25、n etc. (tables and figures are encouraged)Development StagesWrite down the stages used to measure the stepping successes (deliverables, milestones) of the whole company according to the development plan.Future ApplicationsList and describe potential applications.I. Marketing AnalysisNo matter how go

26、od your products and services are, the venture cannot succeed without effective marketing. This begins with careful and systematic research. It is very dangerous to assume that you already know about your intended market. You need to do market research to make sure you are on track. Use the business

27、 planning process as your opportunity to uncover data and to question your marketing efforts. Your time will be well spent.There are two kinds of market research: primary and secondary.Secondary research means using published information such as industry profiles, trade journals, newspapers, magazin

28、es, census data, and demographic profiles.This type of information isavailable in public libraries, industry associations, chambers of commerce, from vendors who sell to your industry, and from government agencies.Primary research means gathering your own data. For example, you could do your own tra

29、ffic count at a proposed location, use the yellow pages to identify competitors, and do surveys or focus- group interviews to learn about consumer preferences. Professional market research can be very costly, but there are many books that show small business owners how to do effective research thems

30、elves.In your marketing plan, be as specific as possible; give statistics, numbers, and sources. The marketing plan will be the basis, later on, of the all-important sales projection.Market TrendDescribe your industry. Is it a growth industry What changes do you foresee in the industry, short term a

31、nd long term How will your company be poised to take advantage of themFacts about your industry:What is the total size of your marketWhat percent share of the market will you have (This is important only if you think you will be a major factor in the market.)Current demand in target market.Trends in

32、 target market growth trends, trends in consumer preferences, and trends in product development.Market SegmentationShow the understanding of the market segments (sizes, volume growth, revenue growth)Market Gap (Unique Selling Point)Analyze the current market and identify and explain that there might

33、 be a gap, a weak/missing segment of the market for your particular product. And describe growth potential and opportunity for a business of your type and size.Competitive AnalysisWhat products and companies will compete with you List your major competitors:Will they compete with you across the boar

34、d, or just for certain productsandcustomersor in certainlocations Willyou haveimportantindirect competitors (For example, video rental storescompetewithcinemas,although theyare differenttypes ofbusinesses.)How will your products or services compare with the competitionYou can use the Competitive ana

35、lysis table below to compare your company with your two most important competitors. The first column lists key competitive factors. Since these vary from one industry to another, you may want to customize the list of factors.In the column labeled Me, state honestly how you think you will be perceive

36、d in customers minds. Then check whether you think this factor will be a strength or a weakness for you. Sometimes it is hard to analyse our own weaknesses. Try to be very clear here.Better yet, get somebody else to assess you. This can be a real eye-opener. And remember that you cannot be all thing

37、s to all people. In fact, trying to be causes many business failures because their efforts become scattered and diluted. You want an honest assessment of your firms strong and weak points.Now analyse each major competitor. In a few words, state how you think they compare with you. In the final colum

38、n, estimate the importance of each competitive factor to the customer. 1 = critical; 5 = not very important.Table 1: Competitive analysisFACTORMeStrengthWeaknessCompetitor ACompetitor BImportance to customerProductsPriceQualitySelectionServiceReliabilityStabilityExpertiseFACTORMeStrengthWeaknessComp

39、etitor ACompetitor BImportance to customerCompany reputationLocationAppearanceSales methodCredit policiesAdvertisingImageNow, write a short paragraph stating your competitive advantages and disadvantages.Business ModelHow will you develop your company, through alliance and codevelopment or List and

40、explain them step by step.Core CompetenceDescribe your most important company strengths and core competencies. What factors will make the company succeed What do you think your major competitive strengths will be What background experience, skills, and strengths do you personally bring to this new v

41、entureSWOT AnalysisStrength:Cost, size, energy saving, eco-friendly, robustness,future development Weakness: Immature, suppliers Opportunities:Political Opportunities, market opportunities, cooperation opportunities.Threats: Competitors, Intellect Property, supplier chain.Marketing PlanNow outline a

42、 marketing strategy that is consistent with your niche.Marketing strategies according to the 4P theories, namelyProduct,Price, Promotion and Place. (The 5th P People is the whole reason for the services industry to be doing very well OR even for improving the service experience in a Product industry

43、 is because they all target People.)Product StrategyList all of your major products or services.For each product or service:Describe the most important features. What is special about itDescribe the benefits. That is, what will the product do for the customerNote the difference between features and

44、benefits, and think about them. For example, a house that gives shelter and lasts a long time is made with certain materials and to a certain design; those are its features. Its benefits include pride of ownership, financial security, providing for the family, and inclusion in a neighborhood. You bu

45、ild features into your product so that you can sell the benefits.What after-sale services will you give Some examples are delivery, warranty, service contracts, support, follow-up, and refund policy.PricingExplain your method or methods of setting prices. For most small businesses, having the lowest

46、 price is not a good policy. It robs you of needed profit margin; customers may not care as much aboutprice as you think; and large competitors can under price you anyway. Usually you will do better to have average prices and compete on quality and service.Does your pricing strategy fit with what wa

47、s revealed in your competitive analysisCompare your prices with those of the competition. Are they higher, lower, the same WhyHow important is price as a competitive factor Do your intended customers really make their purchase decisions mostly on priceWhat will be your customer service and credit po

48、liciesPromotionHow will you get the word out to customersAdvertising:What media, why, and how often Why this mix and notsome otherHave you identified low-cost methods to get the most out of your promotional budgetsuch as tradeWill you use methods other than paid advertising, shows, catalogs, dealer

49、incentives, word of mouth (how will you stimulate it), and network of friends or professionalsWhat image do you want to project How do you want customers to see youIn addition to advertising, what plans do you have for graphic image support This includes things like logo design, cards and letterhead

50、, brochures, signage, and interior design (if customers come to your place of business).Should you have a system to identify repeat customers and then systematically contact themPromotional BudgetHow much will you spend on the items listed aboveBefore startup (These numbers will go into your startup

51、 budget.)Ongoing (These numbers will go into your operating plan budget.)Proposed Location/PlaceProbably you do not have a precise location picked out yet. This is the time to think about what you want and need in a location.Many startups run successfully from home for a while.You will describe your

52、 physical needs later, in the Operational Plan section. Here, analyze your location criteria as they will affect your customers.Is your location important to your customers If yes, howIf customers come to your place of business:Is it convenient Parking Interior spaces Not out of the wayIs it consist

53、ent with your imageIs it what customers want and expectWhere is the competition located Is it better foryou to be nearthem (like car dealers or fast-food restaurants) or distant (like convenience-food stores)Distribution ChannelsHow do you sell your products or servicesRetail, Direct (mail order, We

54、b, catalog), Wholesale, Your own sales force, Agents, Independent representatives, Bid on contractsSales ForecastNow that you have described your products, services, customers, markets, and marketing plans in detail, it s time to attach somenumbers to your plan. Use a sales forecast spreadsheet to p

55、reparea quarter-by-quarter projection. The forecast should be based on your historical sales, the marketing strategies that you have just described, your market research, and industry data, if available.You may want to do two forecasts: 1) a best guess, which is what you really expect, and 2) a wors

56、t case low estimate that you are confident you can reach no matter what happens.Rememberto keep notes on your research and your assumptions as you build this sales forecast and all subsequent spreadsheets in the plan. This is critical if you are going to present it to funding sources.Realistic Scena

57、rioOptimistic ScenarioPessimistic Scenario1 Risk Analysis and ManagementTechnical RiskTechnology SafetySafety issue involved in the technology used and proposed solutions.Product QualityWhat are the quality issues proposed solutionsDelayWhat delays are likely to happen at which stage and proposed so

58、lutions.Competition RiskWhat are the competition risks from existing and new comers and proposed solutions, such as IP protection, development of new technologies.What barriers to entry do you face in entering this market with your new company Some typical barriers are:High capital costsHigh product

59、ion costsHigh marketing costsConsumer acceptance and brand recognitionTraining and skillsUnique technology and patentsUnionsShipping costsTariff barriers and quotasAnd of course, how will you overcome the barriersHow could the following affect your companyChange in technologyChange in government reg

60、ulationsChange in the economyChange in your industryManagement of GrowthHow will the company manage its own growth and problems resulted.Market RiskMarket risks (such as cost fluctuation) and proposed solutions.Financial PlanYour financial will come from a sales forecast in which you forecast sales,