2019高考英語短文改錯題型考點梳理與練習

1、-可編輯修改-2019 高考英語短文改錯題型考點梳理與練習例題：假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文， 請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。 文中共有 10 處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處；每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（ ）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞。注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；. 只允許修改10 處，多者 （從第 11 處起 ）不計分。Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the

2、school,and it takes them about ahour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time,they are interesting in plantingvegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier andwater the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Besi

3、de,they oftenget some useful informations from the internet.When summer came,they will invite their students pick the vegetables ！通過以上的改錯練習我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：短文改錯共有10 處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處錯誤，每處錯誤只涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加（1-2處）在缺詞處添加一個漏字符號，并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除（1-2處）把多余的詞用斜線劃掉。修改（6-8處）把錯的詞下面劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上要修改的詞。短文改錯的考點是：名詞，動詞，形容詞和副詞，連詞

4、，冠詞，代詞，介詞?？键c一：名詞.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.I have visited the Great Wall for several time.考點：可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的誤用常 考 的 不 可 數(shù) 名 詞 ： advice,news,progress,weather,homework,air,fun（快 樂 ）,furniture（ 家具 ）,information,work,harm（ 傷害 ）， traffic（ 交通 ） ， trouble（ 麻煩 ）,joy （令人高興的事）， danger（

5、 危險 ） ，baggage （ luggage ） ,equipment（ 儀器 ） ， luck（ 運氣 ） ， knowledge（ 知識 ）,scenery（ 風景，景色）.There are branch library in many villages.考點：可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)的錯用。如何判斷為名詞的單數(shù)還是復數(shù);（1） 看謂語動詞單復數(shù)（ 2 ）看名詞前的限定詞 : a/an（ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）， some, many, various,lots of/a lot of, several 及數(shù)量詞（可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)）（ 3 ）根據(jù)句意、句型及常識。.To my delighted, I p

6、ass the exam.考點：詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換。用 n 的情況： （1） n and n ,（2） （a/an/the）+adj.+n ,（3） 介詞 +n ,（4） a/an/the + n,形容詞性物主代詞 +n （6） 序數(shù)詞 +n5.Good health is a person most valuable possession.考點：名詞的格的誤用。（1）根據(jù)句意， （2）注意形式：s（單數(shù)）s（復數(shù)）相關(guān)練習題：.Every year many tourist come here to enjoy its beautiful scenery and rich culture.Throu

7、gh the program, we learned to use knowledge gained in class to solve problem.3. Nowadays with modern life going rapidly, many people suffer from different kind of diseases, both mentallyand physically.4.I d like to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well.5.On a rainy day I was walking hom

8、e with one of my friend, a truck came to a stop beside us.6.Polite words are one of the example.7.Of course, it s strongly prohibited to buy or sell anything made of antelopes fur.8.She told me that I didnt need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortcomings through my mista

9、ke.9.Of all the book I have read, Chicken soup for the soul is my favorite.10.Everyone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness.考點二：動詞.When I was a child, I i hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and left.通過以上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)動詞的考查有兩種方

10、式： 謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。(一)謂語動詞的考查.As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here.Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel.My dream school look like a big garden.考點：謂語動詞會考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致三個方面。時態(tài) ：一般現(xiàn)在時do/does( sometimes, often usually,)一般過去式did(yesterday/ last year

11、/ ago)一般將來時will do/ am,is are going to do / am,is are about to do (tomorrow,/ next-可編輯修改-可編輯修改-year)現(xiàn)在進行時 am/is/are doing過去進行時was / were doing現(xiàn)在完成時 has/have done (lately/recently/so far/ up to now/ until now/in the few years/since)過去完成時had done過去將來時would do判斷句子的時態(tài)：(1)根據(jù)時間狀語來決定,(2)上下文的時態(tài)，(3)從句中時態(tài)體一致,

12、(4)根據(jù)句意語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的誤用 時態(tài))被動語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時 am / is /are done(刪除be或添加be或改變一般過去時was /were done一般將來時 will be done過去進行時 was / were being done過去完成時 had been done現(xiàn)在進行時am/ is /are being done現(xiàn)在完成時 has / have been done主調(diào)一致：找準主語和謂語動詞，判斷兩者人稱和數(shù)是否一致(1)主謂不致就近原貝 U: there be , or , not only .but also , neither .nor .V就遠原

13、貝 U: with , along with, as well as ,rather than定語從句中的主謂一致：與先行詞保持一致L many a+ n , more than +n ,each ,every謂語用單數(shù)a number of / the number of(2 )第三人稱單數(shù)形式的錯用：看主語是否為第三人稱單數(shù)；是否為 doing 或to do 作主語：是否為從句作主語。（ 3 ）缺少動詞 ，特別是 be 動詞，注意there be 句型相關(guān)練習：. My dream school starts at 8:00 am and ends at 3:00 pm. They are

14、 three lessons in the morningandtwointheafternoon.We didn t need to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious proble m.We must found ways to protect our environment.Tony was sca

15、red and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is al so splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.My mum makes the best biscuits

16、 in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me s ome basic steps of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.Then, it also help to watch TV and read books. If you are me, would you talk to him?10.Since then - for all these years - we had been allowing tomatoes to self-see

17、d where they pl ease.（二）非謂語動詞的考查考點： 主要考查非謂語動詞的判定及形式的選擇。回憶：非謂語動詞如何判定非謂語動詞的形式： to do 目的，將來，主動to be done 將來，被動doing 進行，主動done 完成， 被動being done 進行；被動having done 完成， 主動 having been done完成，被動 具體考點： 1. 動名詞作主語（動詞作主語，通常用 doing 的形式，注意主謂一致）介詞 +doing 作賓語（常見介詞： on,in,at,of,for,about,with,without,after,before等）An

18、d 連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致（根據(jù)語境或語義進行調(diào)整）作定語、狀語時的主動被動關(guān)系（找準邏輯主語）注意： doing 和 done 之間的轉(zhuǎn)化， having done 和 having been done 之間的轉(zhuǎn)化to do 不定式 to 的刪除與添加（使役動詞加不帶 to 的不定式，在被動語態(tài)中還原 to ）固定搭配：跟 to do 形式的詞： decide, learn, want, plan, manage, pretend,offer, promise, agree等跟 doing 形式的詞： avoid, enjoy, mind, imagine, appreciate,

19、look forward to, insist on , canthelp 等相關(guān)練習：.When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin.He became my first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful models.won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school last ye

20、ar.Dressing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song which sounded like a kid s song.Upon your arrival ， there will be a party for you organizing by my classmates.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.7.Soon Dad s friends came to our resc

21、ue, restart our car with new batteries.Make a speech used to be a big problem for me.Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. How dangerous it was!.Having been seen the film, everyone was deeply moved.考點三：形容詞和副詞m very tiring.考點：注意v-ed 和 v-ing 形式的形容詞的用法，-ed 修飾人， -ing 修飾物.T

22、he global warming has become a very seriously problem.We can hear birds singing happy all round.考點：詞性的誤用用 adj. 的情況： ( 1 ) 形容詞修飾n (2) be+adj. (3) 感官動詞 ( feel ， taste ， sound ， smell ， look )+adj.聯(lián)系動詞 +adj. ( keep ， stay ， remain,become,turn )adj and adj(6) adv.+adj.用 adv. 的情況：( 1 ) adv. 修飾 v. adj, ad

23、v. (2) adv. 放在句首或句末( 3 )并列 adv.( 4 ) adv. 單獨使用( however ， moreover ， besides ，otherwise )I learned that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.考點：形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級用比較級的情況：（ 1 ） 比較級 +than（ 2 ）比較級 and 比較級（ 3）否定式+ 比較級 = 最高級（ 4 ） the+ 比較級 + 主謂， the+ 比較級 + 主謂用最高級的情況：（ 1 ） the+ 最高級 （ 2） one of the+ 最

24、高級相關(guān)練習：.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take breaks regular.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”O(jiān)n the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.I

25、insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well.Nearly five years before, with the help of my father, my sister and I grew some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!The tea

26、chers here are kind and helpfully.I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.考點四：連詞.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.He found where his parents were missing.通過以上可知連詞的考查分為 并列連詞和從屬連詞 。（一）從屬連詞 :定語從句 / 名詞性從句 / 狀語從句 （主要考查引導詞的選擇）（ 1 ）定語從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句，分為限制性和非限制性引導詞： tha

27、t ， which ， who,whom,whose,as,when, where,why（ 2 ）名詞性從句：從句在整個句子中充當名詞的作用分類：主語從句：從句作主語； it 作形式主語賓語從句：跟在 vt 和介詞之后的從句； it 作形式賓語表語從句：跟在系動詞之后的從句 同位語從句：解釋說明名詞和代詞的從句引導詞： that ， whether/if, what ,who, which, whom, whose, when ,where ,why how(3)狀語從句：常用引導詞： when, while, if, unless, before, after, once, since,

28、for, so that , in case, as long asuntil,+ever?？季湫停海?1 ） be doing when(2) be about to do when(3)had justdone whenno soonerthanandhardly/scarcelywhenbeforebut or 的相互轉(zhuǎn)化1 ）根據(jù)句意選擇；（ 2 ）根據(jù)并列連詞詞組選擇not onlybut also not but neithernoreitheroras需要注意：（ 1 ）兩個連詞不能同時使用，如 and so.（ 2 ）兩個句子不能都用連詞。3 ）只有一個句子時不能用從屬連詞。4

29、 ） although / but 不連用， because / so 不連用。相關(guān)練習：as well1.In fact, I dont like to go anymore, and Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.It is so cold that you can t go outside if fully covered in thick clothes.If you miss this chance, it may be

30、 years since you get another one.Actually, the London Olympic Park is built wherever there used to be a poor area called Easteven if 等London.My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just lying it aside.We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club.The numb

31、er of member is limited.She listens attentively and tries to catch everything which the teachers say in class.A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset.As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.Her performances on the stage were perfect, that ma

32、de a lot of people admire her.We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.13.I have three foreign teachers, two of them are from Canada.14.I finally knew the reason what she didnt talk to me and comforted her.15.Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular i

33、n our area.考點五：冠詞.Rose comes from an European country.Now I live in a city, but I miss my home in country.考點：冠詞主要考查零冠詞，不定冠詞和定冠詞。名詞前不加冠詞的情況： （ 1 ）不可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)名詞表泛指（2 ）季節(jié)，三餐，球類，時間，星期前不加冠詞只用 a/an 的情況： （ 1 ） a/an 表示泛指的單數(shù)名詞時eg. a boy , an apple表示某一個，一個固定搭配 如： have a good time只用 the 的情況： （ 1 ）表示特指這個或有修飾限定詞時（2

34、 ）指上文已經(jīng)提到的事物（3） the+ 序數(shù)詞 +n（4） the + 最高級 +n（ 5） the+ 形容詞/ 姓氏復數(shù)表示一類人/一家人（ 6 ） the+ 獨一無二的事物-可編輯修改-o(7)動作+sb+介詞+the+身體部位take sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊(8)固定搭配相關(guān)習題：That s wonderful film.I was asked to deliver the speech before the whole class at the age of 9!Im looking forward to hearing a good news from you

35、.Sorry that I havent been in the touch for a while.My daughter, who is thirteen, is not a emotional person.I still remember the days when I was child.In word, making any big decision alone can lead to problems.Now I have made such a great progress that I can speak English more fluently.Of many wonde

36、rful memories in my senior years, my New Years party of 2015 is most unforgettable one.For moment I felt ashamed but then I felt better.考點六：代詞.Rose is such a kind girl that we all like him very much.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.Just at that moment I woke up and found me still in t

37、he bed.We heard that Mr.Wang would teach our English this term.We don t need to do so many homework.考點1 :人稱代詞人稱前后不一致如；例1|人稱前后單復數(shù)不一致，如例 2 Q代詞的主格賓格及所有格考點2 :反身代詞：（前邊出現(xiàn)人稱代詞，后邊仍需要此人稱代詞，此時用反身代詞）考點3:不定代詞（ many+ 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，much+ 不可數(shù)名詞Both兩者都 either兩者任何 neither 兩者都不all 三者以上都 any 三者及以上任何none 三者都不another 另外一個One.t

38、he other .一個.另一個it同類同物that同類不同物相關(guān)習題：.Much rare animals are dying out.We must find ways to protect your environment.Close to school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.I want to do anything special for him at his retirement party.Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me

39、many.How do you think I should do?.They are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.We don t need to do so many homework.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot the arrows at the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our sm

40、all town.考點七：介詞He never dream becoming rich in a short period of time.考點：介詞在改錯中主要考查基本用法和固定搭配。介詞破解點：1.與時間，地點，原因，方式搭配。 2.vt后多介詞enter into , return back3. Vi后漏介詞4.介詞后+ing形式-可編輯修改-相關(guān)練習：.People are friendly at animalshave dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school.have told myself

41、over and over again that Ill concentrate more to studies.You may attend to English classes to feel a different learning style.The host family will also show you off some famous places of interest.Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.t will make yo

42、u familiar to Chinese characters and enlarge your vocabulary before you notice it.nly saying polite words can you get on well with others.When I first go to there, I found it hard to use English properly.The government and the local people take powerful measures to protect antelopes so that they wil

43、l not die in the future.短文改錯練習：假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（ A ）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線 （） 劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。注意： 1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10 處,多者（從第11 處起）不計分。（一）How time flies! A week have passed before I noticed it. Looking ba

44、ck on the things thathappening last week, I found the life here full with happiness and interests. I can still remember the first day of the summer camp. I came to my bedroom by myself. When I opened a door, I saw a girl with short hair seating in a chair with a book in her hand. She must be a quiet

45、 girl who liked reading, I thought myself at the time. After we said hello to each other, other girl came in with a big noise. Her name was Rose. She was so outgoing and humor that both Cherry and I couldn help laughing at her words. Then we had studied and had meals together, and became good friends. I can t forget the