現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)

1、-Zheng yong 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)The Present Perfect Tense1一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能要繼續(xù)下去）I have bought a new English dictionary.Have you ever been to Mount Huang?His uncle has lived in Beijing for more than twenty years. 2二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 1.助動(dòng)詞 have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 I have spent half an hour writing t

2、he article.Have you ever read a book by Lu Xun?Where have you been ?2. 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成:A.規(guī)則變化 clean stay carry plan close openCleanedCaariedclosedStayedPlannedopened3 B.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 am/is begin write draw do spend grow seewasbeganwrotedrewdidspentgrewsawbeenbegunwrittendrawndonespentgrownseen4 三.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型 我學(xué)

3、了5年英語(yǔ)了?？隙ň洌?I have learned English for 5 years.否定句： I have not learnt English for 5 years.一般疑問(wèn)句： Have you learned English for 5 years.回答： Yes, I have. / No, I havent.特殊疑問(wèn)句： How long have you learnt English?5 四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法 a. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的影響，后面通常不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但句中常 just ,already,yet,ever,never,before

4、, so far,in recent years,in the past few years等副詞。 我剛剛讀完這本小說(shuō)。 Ive just finished reading the novel.你看過(guò)醫(yī)生了嗎？ Have you seen the doctor yet?我從沒去過(guò)北京。 Ive never been to Beijing. 他以前讀過(guò)這本書。 He has read this book before.6b. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常和for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 我等了你一個(gè)半小時(shí)了。I have waited for you

5、 for one and a half hours. 他出生以來(lái)就住在北京。 He lived in Beijing since he was born.他病了多久了？How long has he been ill?7 五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 (1)兩者都可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作，但前者表示的是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，而后者則是表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的事實(shí)。-Have you ever been to Beijing?-Yes, I went to Beijing 3 years ago.(2)兩者都可表示過(guò)去開始并延續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含義為該動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù)，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則說(shuō)明該動(dòng)作

6、現(xiàn)已終止。 He has lived in Beijing for four years. He lived in Beijing for four years. 8 六.點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別 所謂點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞是指含有終止或短暫意義的動(dòng)詞。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive, join, marry等動(dòng)詞。它們通常不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 我買了一本書。I have bought a book. 這本書我已經(jīng)買了三星期了。 Ive had this book for three weeks.我叔叔兩天前來(lái)的。他已經(jīng)來(lái)了兩天了。My unc

7、le came here 2 days ago. He has been here for 2 days. 會(huì)議兩點(diǎn)鐘開始的。已經(jīng)開始半個(gè)小時(shí)了。The meeting began at 2 oclock. It has been on for half an hour.9Choose the best answer1. His granny _ three months ago. She _for three months. A. died,died B. has died,has been dead C. died, has been dead2. -where _ Miss Li _? Id like to ask her some questions? - She _ to attend a meeting.She_ back until 5 oclock this afternoon. A. hasbeen,has been,will be B. hasgone,has gone,wont be C. hasgone,has gone, didnt go 3. -How long _ you _ the book ? -I _ the book for two week. I m