人機交互理論與技術(shù)：Chap 3 GUI Optimization

1、Chap 1 Design Principles (for GUI)Chap 2 Evaluation MethodsChap 3 GUI OptimizationPart 3 GUI Design and EvaluationGUI交互要素 使用場景約束顯示表面的尺寸用戶和顯示表面之間的相對位置交互姿態(tài)3.1 GUI essential factorsPointing Device Pointer Widget Layout 3.2 GUI Efficiency ModelsChap 3 GUI Optimization3.1 GUI essential factorsPointing De

2、vice Pointer Widget Layout 3.2 GUI Efficiency ModelsChap 3 GUI Optimizationhuman movement to cursor: mouseEye / hand movementBody gestureSurface pointing (laser pointer, touch, pen)Jacob RJK., The Use of Eye Movements in Human-Computer Interaction Techniques: What You Look At is What You Get. ACM Tr

3、ansactions on Information Systems. 1991, 9 (3): 152-169. 3.1 GUI essential factorsPointing Device Pointer Widget Layout 3.2 GUI Efficiency ModelsChap 3 GUI Optimizationcurrent positionMotor Space(控制域，鼠標物理運動) ， Visual Space（顯示域） target-agnostic（目標未知） ：調(diào)整Control/Display Ratio 改變光標速度target-aware（目標知曉）：

4、 Bubble Cursor， Satellite Cursor， （縮短D），Area Cursor （增大S），Semantic pointing（both）Blanch R, Guiard Y, Beaudouin-Lafon M. Semantic pointing: improving target acquisition with control-display ratio adaptation. In In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems (CHI04), 200

5、4, 519-526.3.1 GUI essential factorsPointing Device Pointer Widget Layout 3.2 GUI Efficiency ModelsChap 3 GUI OptimizationAdaptive User Interface: intent predictingLayout Measurement: Layout AppropriatenessFindlater L, Gajos KZ. Design Space and Evaluation Challenges of Adaptive Graphical User Inter

6、faces. AI Magazine, 2009, 30(4): 65-68. 3.1 GUI essential factors3.2 GUI Efficiency ModelsGOMSFitts and HickScroll model:MT=a+b*log2n+1 MT=a+b*n Layout Appropriateness LA= (cost of the LA-optical layout)/(cost of the proposed layout)Chap 3 GUI OptimizationCockburn A, Gutwin C. A predictive model of

7、human performance with scrolling and hierarchical lists. HCI 2008, 24(3): 273-314.Sears A. Layout appropriateness: A metric for evaluating user interface widget layout. Software Engineering, 1993, 19(7):707719. GUI效率評價模型GUI（graphical user interface）：以圖形元素來表示命令（低學習成本）用戶輸入命令序列 S=s1,s2,s3sn, 命令集=c1,c2,

8、c3,cm對于命令行界面：對于圖形界面：命令cj使用的頻率在命令序列中，cj的前一個命令為ci的概率在上一個命令為ci的情況下，完成命令cj所需要的時間用戶任務特性界面布局優(yōu)化交互效率 =GUI效率評價模型用戶任務屬性包括：命令cj使用的頻率：概率在命令序列中，cj的前一個命令為ci的概率：一階概率轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣熵：完成任務（命令序列）所需要的最小信息量命令序列最優(yōu)嗎？命令序列的重編碼（壓縮）基本思想：將以高概率出現(xiàn)的特定序列壓縮為短序列GUI效率評價模型t(cj|ci) 由Fitts Law決定，即：指點距離和目標面積根據(jù)P(j|i)計算圖形元素的布局，包括位置和大小已有案例：Word浮動菜單風險

9、：不斷變化的界面帶來了學習成本策略：效率提升和學習成本的折衷界面布局優(yōu)化GUI效率評價模型ReadingJacob RJK., The Use of Eye Movements in Human-Computer Interaction Techniques: What You Look At is What You Get. ACM Transactions on Information Systems. 1991, 9 (3): 152-169. Zhai S, Morimoto C, Ihde S. Manual and Gaze Input Cascaded (MAGIC) Point

10、ing. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems (CHI99), 1999, 246-253.Reilly D. Reaching the same point: Effects on consistency when pointing at objects in the physical environment without feedback. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (IJHCS), 2011, 69

11、(1-2):9-18 Pan G, Ren H, Hua W, and et al. EasyPointer: what you pointing at is what you get. In Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (CHI EA 11), 2011, 499-502Casiez G, Vogel D, Balakrishnan R, Cockburn A. The impact of control-display g

12、ain on user performance in pointing tasks. Human-Computer Interaction 2008, 23 (3): 215-250Wobbrock JO, Fogarty J, Liu S, Kimuro S, Harada S. The angle mouse: target-agnostic dynamic gain ad-justment based on angular deviation. In Proceeding of the 27 annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in com

13、puting systems (CHI09), 2009, 14011410 Balakrishnan R. Beating Fitts law: Virtual enhancements for pointing facilitation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2004, 61 (6): 857-874 Kabbash P, Buxton W. The Prince technique: Fitts law and selection using area cursors. In Proceedings of th

14、e SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems (CHI95), 1995, 273-279. Grossman T, Balakrishnan R. The bubble cursor: enhancing target acquisition by dynamic resizing of the cursors activation area. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems(CHI05), 2005

15、, 281- 290 ReadingBaudisch P, Cutrell E, Robbins D, Czerwinski M, Tandler P, Bederson B, Zierlinger A. Drag-and-pop and drag-and-pick: Techniques for accessing remote screen content on touch- and pen-operated systems. In Proceedings of Interact, 2003, 57-64 Guiard Y, Blanch R, Beaudouin LM. Object p

16、ointing: a complement to bitmap pointing in GUIs. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface (GI 04). 2004, 9-16. Baudisch P, Zotov A, Cutrell E, Hinckley K. Starburst: a target expansion algorithm for non-uniform target distributions. In Proceedings of the working conference on advanced visual interfaces

17、 (AVI08). 2008, 129137 Blanch R, Guiard Y, Beaudouin-Lafon M. Semantic pointing: improving target acquisition with control-display ratio adaptation. In In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems (CHI04), 2004, 519-526Blanch R, Ortega M. Rake Cursor: Improving Point

18、-ing Performance with concurrent input channels. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI09), 2009, 1415-1418 Sears A, Shneiderman B. Split menus: effectively using selection frequency to organize menus. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1994, 1(1), 27-51Findlater L, Gajos