中考英語典型陷阱題例析

1、陷阱題”通常也叫“圈套題”，是一種極易做錯(cuò)的習(xí)題。“陷阱題”與常規(guī)題不同，它具有較大的迷惑 性，較好的隱蔽性。近年來，各地中HYPERLINK zh/kaoshi/考試卷中常有這種性質(zhì)的試題出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)我們遇到這種習(xí)題時(shí)，常感到不知 所措。怎樣解答這種“陷阱題”呢？下列方法不妨一試： 一、認(rèn)真審題，發(fā)現(xiàn)“陷阱”“陷阱題”是不掛牌的，而是編擬者把“陷阱”巧妙地設(shè)計(jì)在題目中。只要同學(xué)們認(rèn)真審題，“陷阱”是 可以被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，如下面這幾道題： 1.Would you like_pears,please?吉林A.any B.some C.much D.little2.The radio is too nois

2、y.Would you please turn it_a little?遼寧A.on B.off C.up D.down3.Three years_a short time.You have to study hard.江西A.is B.are C.be D.were4.Help_to some fish and meat,children.四川A.yourself B.youC.yours D.yourselves5.You have missed_sin the word dress.江蘇A.a B.an C.the D.不填 有些學(xué)生沒有認(rèn)真審題，就亂套語法規(guī)則，以致將上面五題錯(cuò)選成：1

3、.A2.B3.B4.A5.A。如果同學(xué)們能認(rèn)真 審題，思路理順，靈活地運(yùn)用語法規(guī)則，就會知道上述選項(xiàng)都是題設(shè)“陷阱”。 再如：1. Which do you enjoy _ your holiday, going touring or staying at home? (07淮安) A. spending B. to spend C. spend 解析：本題易錯(cuò)選A。其原因在于很多同學(xué)都認(rèn)為enjoy doing sth.是一個(gè)習(xí)慣搭配，然而本題的答題關(guān)鍵卻在題目的后半部分going touring or staying at home，說明是在兩者中選擇做什么來度過這個(gè)假期。事實(shí)上對于此類題

4、目若同學(xué)們覺得比較難的話，可將該句改為：You enjoy which _ your holiday, going touring or staying at home?由此我們就可確定正確答案應(yīng)為B。例如： After school, what my son enjoys _ football. A. playing B. played C. to play D. is playing 本題易錯(cuò)選A。而正確思路應(yīng)為what my son enjoys 為主語從句，此句缺少be 做謂語，故排除B和C，應(yīng)選D。2. Its our duty to _ people _ too many tree

5、s. (07連云港) A. stop; cutting down B. prevent；to cut down C. keep; cutting down D. make; cut down 解析：本題易錯(cuò)選C。因?yàn)樵S多同學(xué)都會認(rèn)為“阻止某人做某事”可用stop / prevent / keep sb. from doing sth.但是，stop / prevent在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中可將后面的from省去，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中三者均不可省，而有的同學(xué)會誤認(rèn)為from在所有的主動(dòng)語態(tài)中都可以省，于是就會錯(cuò)選C。若用keep sb. doing sth. 就表示“讓某人一直做某事”，意思顯然不對。本題的正確答案

6、應(yīng)為A。 3.Will you please show me how to do the role play exercise? (07南通)Sure. Now let me tell you _ first. A. which to do B. how to do C. when to do D. what to do 解析：本題易錯(cuò)選B。一般同學(xué)們會認(rèn)為“我要教你怎么做”是方式，所以用how to do。但事實(shí)上該句是在考查對于名詞性從句的省略現(xiàn)象，若將該句還原，我們會得到以下句子：Let me tell you _ (第一步該怎么做)。那么我們可以這樣來表達(dá)：how you should

7、 do it first / what you should do。如果將其省略就應(yīng)為how to do it / what to do。因此本題的正確答案應(yīng)為D。 例如： I need your help because I dont know_. (07徐州) (A) A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it D. what should I do Its selfish_ Eddie_ the whole birthday cake. (08宿遷) A. of; to eat B. of; eating C. for; to eat D.

8、 for; eating 解析：本題易錯(cuò)選C。因?yàn)楹芏嗤瑢W(xué)會認(rèn)為“對于Eddie來說是selfish的”，然而此題的考查重點(diǎn)在于介詞的選擇。我們說“如果某事對于某人來說是怎么樣的”，會經(jīng)常使用for，而如果是“某人本身所具有的本質(zhì)”的話，則應(yīng)使用of，常見的句型有：its important / strange / necessary for sb. to do sth.；it is selfish / brave / foolish / clever of sb. to do sth.。因此本題的正確答案應(yīng)為A。 5. Students should pay attention to _ t

9、he teacher in class. (07泰州) A. hear B. listen to C. listening to D. hearing of 解析：本題易錯(cuò)選B。此題的關(guān)鍵在于pay attention to中的to 為介詞，其后應(yīng)接doing。因此本題的正確答案應(yīng)為C。 6. My friend, Darren, is coming to visit us. Im looking forward to _ him. (07潛江) A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. to meeting 解析：本題易錯(cuò)選C。此題的關(guān)鍵在于looking forwa

10、rd to中的to 為介詞，因此其后應(yīng)接doing。因此本題的正確答案應(yīng)為B。7. Grandma _ us stories when we were very young. (08內(nèi)江) A. used to tell B. is used to tell C. was used to tell 解析：本題易錯(cuò)選C。此題主要是要將這幾個(gè)形式相近的詞組含義區(qū)分開來。used to do 意為“過去常常做某事”，be used to do 意為“被用來做某事”，而be used to doing則表示“習(xí)慣于做某事”。因此本題的正確答案應(yīng)為A。8. They are too tired, so

11、they stop _ and have a rest. (07內(nèi)江) A. working B. to work C. work 解析：本題主要是要搞清楚stop to do 與stop doing 的區(qū)別，后接動(dòng)詞不定式表示“停下來去做某事”，而接動(dòng)名詞則表示“停止做某事”，根據(jù)句意本題應(yīng)選A。后接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞含義不一樣的還有以下詞組：remember to do 意為“記得去做某事”，remember doing意為“記得做過某事”。類似的還有forget/regret/go on 等。例如： Remember to_ the lights when you leave your

12、classroom(07重慶) (B) A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down9. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago

13、? A. that B. Where C. which D. the one 解析：這3道題是定語從句中較為典型的題，它們可以給我們在做定語從句一類題時(shí)有個(gè)提醒。我們知道定語從句必須要滿足3個(gè)條件：(1) 必須要有先行詞；(2) 先行詞在從句中必須擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的成分；(3) 關(guān)系詞要代替前面的先行詞。而定語從句的連接詞的選擇是考查的重中之重，主要是看從句中缺什么成分，通常是缺什么就補(bǔ)什么。這幾道題的答案分別應(yīng)為A、D、B。我們可將它們轉(zhuǎn)換為以下幾種形式： This is the factory _ you visited the other day. (從句中缺少賓語) This factory

14、is _ some foreign friends visited last Friday. (該句無先行詞，若為名詞性從句則應(yīng)用what來引導(dǎo)) This is the factory_ he worked ten years ago. (從句中缺少狀語)10. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of them D. all of whom 解析：該題易錯(cuò)選C。在定語從句中逗號是十分關(guān)鍵的，題中逗號說明該句為非限制性定語從句，所以只能選擇B。然而若將題干改為He has tw

15、o sons and _ work as chemists.那么本題的答案就應(yīng)是C了。二、多向思維，分析“陷阱”一些“陷阱題”，往往是根據(jù)同學(xué)們思維上的弱點(diǎn)而設(shè)計(jì)的，對于中學(xué)生來說，思維上存在著習(xí)慣、單一 、片面、混亂的缺陷。因此，思維方法上的指導(dǎo)，就顯得十分重要。同學(xué)們在解答上面這些選擇題時(shí)，思維上 的弱點(diǎn)就暴露出來了。把第一題理解成“疑問句用any”，把第二題理解成“關(guān)掉收音機(jī)”，把第三題理解成“ 主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)”，反第四題理解成help yourself to，把第五題理解成“輔音字母前 用不定冠詞a”。因此，做題時(shí)，不能只顧表面現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)多方面地去分析題意。除了熟記一般的

16、語法規(guī)則之外， 還應(yīng)了解一些特殊情況下的特殊規(guī)則。如上面這些題：1.雖然在一般情況下，疑問句中用any，但在一些表示請 求、建議的疑問句中要用some；2.因句末有a little一詞，故不可選用off，而應(yīng)選down，指把音量“關(guān)小一點(diǎn) ”，而不是“關(guān)掉一點(diǎn)”；3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，但是時(shí)間名詞作主語，應(yīng)當(dāng)作整體看待 ，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；4.因這句話是對多數(shù)人(children)說，因此，yourself應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ourselves；5.輔 音字母s讀es，第一個(gè)音為元音，故用an。 三、去偽存真，識別“陷阱”魚目混珠的“陷阱題”，大多數(shù)是以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn)，同學(xué)們解答

17、時(shí)，一會兒看著這個(gè)對，那個(gè)也對， 一會兒看著這個(gè)錯(cuò)，那個(gè)也錯(cuò)，舉棋不定，疑三惑四。如果我們對一些語法知識一知半解，或只是死記硬背， 或者沒有把基礎(chǔ)知識弄清弄透，那么做這些題就不能去偽存真，因此，對基本知識點(diǎn)及特殊現(xiàn)象，要徹底搞懂 了為止，這樣才會分清選擇題目中的魚目及珍珠，避免落入“陷阱”。 四、加強(qiáng)驗(yàn)證，跳出“陷阱”“陷阱題”總能使一些人落入“陷阱”，怎么辦？在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中，應(yīng)注意掌握跳出“陷阱”的方法，加強(qiáng) 驗(yàn)證，就是一種行之有效的方法。有些粗心大意的同學(xué)，不能根據(jù)題目語境驗(yàn)證結(jié)果，而是被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑 ，在選擇答案時(shí)，落入“陷阱”，這是很可惜的。如果同學(xué)們有良好的檢查驗(yàn)證習(xí)慣，掌握驗(yàn)證的方

18、法，即使 落入了“陷阱”，也能在驗(yàn)證的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)“陷阱”，迅速地跳出來。同學(xué)們可能一時(shí)掌握不了這種解題方法，可用類似的習(xí)題，多訓(xùn)練幾次，力求達(dá)到熟練掌握，靈活運(yùn)用的 程度，自然而然就有“落阱自救”的本領(lǐng)。 下面這20道小題均選自各年全國各地中HYPERLINK zh/kaoshi/考試題，大家來試試看，你能選對多少？ 1.I_to bed until my granny came hack nome.天津A.didnt go B.wentC.had gone D.have gone 2.Who teaches_French?吉林A.we B.our C.us D.ours 3.If it_to

19、morrow,well go to the park.吉林A.doesnt snow B.dont snowC.wont snow D.snowed 4.I hear there is going to_a film tomorrow.遼寧A.be B.is C.been D.have 5.I dont know if he_tomorrow,if he_,Ill meet him.遼寧A.will come,comesB.comes,comesC.will come,will comeD.comes,will come 6.Hes almost finished_the book,_he?A

20、.reading,isnt B.to read,isntC.reading,hasnt D.to read,hasnt 7.-His father didnt go to work today,did he?-_.江西A.No,he didnt B.Yes,he didntC.No,he did D.Yes,he was 8.Do you know_?江西A.why did she get up lateB.why she got up lateC.why does she get up lateD.why she gets up late 9.He has_here for almost a

21、 year.He has made many good friends.安徽A.left B.come C.been D.gone 10.The shopkeeper asked me_.安徽A.what size shoes I woreB.what size shoes did I wearC.I wore what size shoesD.what size shoes do I wear 11.He gave me two answers_the question,but_of them is right.安徽A.of,neither B.to,bothC.of,none D.to,n

22、either 12.China is one of_in the world.山西A.the oldest countryB.the oldest countriesC.much older countryD.much older countries 13.Can you_speak to a person in old clothes?山西A.polite B.friendly C.kind D.kindly 14.-Is this eraser yours?-No,its_.新疆A.him B.her C.his D.hes 15.-Who has a dictionary,childre

23、n?-I have_.河南A.it B.this C.one D.so 16.There are many apples_the tree.A bird_the tree is picking an apple.河南A.in,on B.on,in C.in,at D.to,of 17._will be the populatino of China in the year 2000?陜西A.What B.How manyC.How much D.Which 18.It rained_last night.廣西A.heavily B.biglyC.heavyly D.hardly 19.I do

24、nt think she is a good girl,_?寧夏A.do I B.isnt she C.is she D.dont I 20._we had last night!福建A.What good time B.What a good timeC.How happy D.How a good time 答案：1-10 A C A A A C A B C A11-20 D B D C C B A A C B典型陷阱之非謂語動(dòng)詞1. He made some toys _ his little son.A. please B. to please C. pleasing D. pleas

25、ed 【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。錯(cuò)誤的原因是由于受思維定式的影響，由于做過許多make用作使役動(dòng)詞的題，那么很多考生一看到make這個(gè)詞就認(rèn)為它是用作使役動(dòng)詞，這樣就誤選為A。其實(shí)，這里的make是“制作”的意思，而不是用作使役動(dòng)詞。句子的意思為“他制作了一些玩具來討好他的年幼的兒子。這里應(yīng)該用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式來作目的狀語。正確答案為B。2. My uncle enjoys _ TV after supper.A. watching B. watches C. watch D. to watch【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B或D。這是由于知識錯(cuò)誤引起的。一些考生把這里的watch當(dāng)作謂語動(dòng)詞就誤選

26、為B。很多考生誤認(rèn)為enjoy后面要接動(dòng)詞不定式就選了D。其實(shí)，enjoy后面接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其ing形式。這樣的動(dòng)詞還有finish, mind, practise, feel like, keep, be worth等等。正確答案為A。3. Mr Brown asked us to stop _, and we stopped _to him at once.A. talking, to listen B. to talk, to listen C. talking, listening D. to talk, listen【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B或C。因?yàn)閟top后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式也可以接

27、動(dòng)詞的ing形式，如果弄不清兩者的區(qū)別就很可能誤選為B或C或D。stop to do意為“停下(別的事)來開始做某事”，stop doing意為“停止做某事”。正確答案為A。這個(gè)句子意為“布朗先生叫我們停止談話，我們立刻停下來開始聽他講話”。后面接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞的ing 形式有很大的區(qū)別的詞有：try, remember, forget, go on等，try to do努力做某事，try doing試著做某事，remember to do記得要去做某事，remember doing記得做過某事，forget to do忘記要去做某事，forget doing忘記做過某事，go on to

28、do接著做另一件事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。4. The doctor did what he could _ the boy.A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面肯定要接動(dòng)詞原形。但是，在這里不能選A，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞could后面本來有動(dòng)詞原形do，只是被省略了。正確答案為B。這里to help the boy這個(gè)不定式短語用來作目的狀語。5. Mary is often listened _ in the next room.A. to sing B. sing C. sang D.

29、to to sing【解析】此題易誤選為A。一般來說listen to和其他感官動(dòng)詞一樣，以不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作其賓語補(bǔ)足語。但當(dāng)該動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式符號to不能省略。這里應(yīng)特別注意，listen是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，在接賓語時(shí)to不能省略。正確答案為D。典型陷阱之反意疑問句1. There is hardly any rain this summer, _?A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt there D. is there【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或B或C。選A或C的考生是由于沒有注意到hardly這個(gè)詞而草率做題造成的；選B的考生注意到了hardl

30、y這個(gè)半否定詞，但卻忽視了這是一個(gè)there be結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的反意疑問部分的主語仍然用there。當(dāng)句中有no, nothing, never, hardly, few, little等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)后面的反意疑問句要用肯定形式。正確答案為D。2. She was unhappy when she heard the news, _?A. was she B. wasnt she C. does she D. didnt she【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。當(dāng)句中有no, nothing, never, hardly, few, little等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)后面的反意疑問句要用肯定形式。但

31、是，當(dāng)句中有由加否定前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時(shí)，后面的反意疑問句不受其影響，仍用否定形式。正確答案為B。3. She thinks she can get there on time, _she?A. can B. cant C. doesnt D. does【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或B。錯(cuò)誤的原因是受了思維定式的影響。因?yàn)樵谄綍r(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)“I think + that從句 / I dont think + that從句”這樣的句子，它們后面的反意疑問句的主語和謂語要根據(jù)后面的從句來確定，肯定或否定形式則根據(jù)主句來確定。如：I think she will win the game, wont sh

32、e? I dont think chickens can swim, can they? 但是，當(dāng)主句中的主語不是I時(shí)，其后的反意疑問句的主語和謂語仍然根據(jù)主句來確定。因此，正確答案為C。4. They havent paid for their tickets, have they?_. They didnt pay any money.A. Yes, they have B. No, they havent C. Yes, they havent D. No, they have.【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或C。選A的同學(xué)是由于忽略語境造成的，如果不看They didnt pay any m

33、oney. 這句話，那么A項(xiàng)確實(shí)是正確答案。選C的同學(xué)是由于受了漢語思維的定式引起的，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)答案譯成漢語正好是“是的，他們沒有付錢”。大家應(yīng)注意否定疑問句的回答方式與肯定的疑問句的回答方式是一樣，只不過這時(shí)yes要譯為“不”，而no要譯為“是的”。正確答案為B。(from)典型陷阱之主謂一致1. Neither Jack nor Li Lei and I _ interested in playing computer games.A. am B. is C. are D. was【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。平時(shí)考生所做的題目是neither nor結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)，特別是“Nei

34、ther nor I am ”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)在考生的頭腦中留下了深刻的印象，因此很多考生一看到neither nor和這里的“I”不假思索就選擇的A項(xiàng)。其實(shí)，只要我們再仔細(xì)看看會發(fā)現(xiàn)nor后面是Li Lei and I兩個(gè)人，因此正確答案為C。2. The teacher and writer _ doing morning exercises this time yesterday.A. is B. was C. are D. were【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為D。誤選的原因是把the teacher and writer誤認(rèn)為是兩個(gè)人，其實(shí)，the teacher and the writer才是

35、兩個(gè)人，意為“那個(gè)老師和那個(gè)作家”。到底是一個(gè)人還是兩個(gè)人的關(guān)鍵是看and后面的名詞前面是否有修飾語，有修飾語就是兩個(gè)人或(物)，沒有修飾語就是一個(gè)人(或物)。正確答案為B。3. Everyone except Tom and David _there when the meeting began.A. is B. was C. are D. were【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為C或D。此題考查主謂一致問題，許多同學(xué)會受Tom and David的影響會誤選為C或D這兩個(gè)答案。其實(shí)，這里屬于“單數(shù)主語介詞短語”作主語的情況，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)不受介詞短語中的名詞或代詞的影響，仍然用單數(shù)形式。正確答案為B

36、。4. Every boy and girl _ the book and they each _ to buy one.A. likes, wants B. likes, want C. like, wants D. like, want【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或C。選A的同學(xué)認(rèn)為兩個(gè)主語中都有every或each應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式；選C的同學(xué)認(rèn)為第一空前面的主語是boy and girl是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，第二空前面的主語是each是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。其實(shí)，受了every修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受each的影響，仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故正確答案為B。時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1. Jane

37、 _ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy 【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。這是由于忽視語境造成的。很多同學(xué)一看到every month就想當(dāng)然地選擇了A。其實(shí)，由后面的時(shí)間狀語when she was in Shanghai可知，這里應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。正確答案為C。2. When _ the accident _? A. was, happened B. has, happened C. did, happen D. was, happening 【解

38、析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或B。happen是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，它不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，因而不能選A。以when開頭的疑問句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的影響，一般不與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，而與一般過去時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)連用。正確答案為C。3. Can you guess if they _to play basketball with us? I think theyll come if they _ free. (from www.zkeng) A. come, are B. will come, will be C. will come, are D. come, will be 【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為

39、A或B。這是由于句式不清引起的。選A的人把if 引導(dǎo)的從句都當(dāng)成是條件狀語從句，因?yàn)闂l件狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)；選B的人把if引導(dǎo)的從句當(dāng)作是賓語從句。其實(shí)，這里if引導(dǎo)的第一個(gè)從句是賓語從句，第二個(gè)從句是條件狀語從句。正確答案為C。4. _ to be “getting on” and “getting off” when you take a bus. A. There has B. There have C. It has D. It hasnt 【解析】 此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為C。這是由于思維定勢引起的，因?yàn)樵谠S多人的印象中There have / There has 這樣的情

40、況是不能出現(xiàn)的，A和B先給排除，這樣就只能選C了。其實(shí)，這里考查的是含有have to的There be結(jié)構(gòu)。正確答案為A。5. They wont be back until the work _. A. do B. does C. is done D. will do 【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B或D。這是由于語法知識掌握不牢固引起的。在when, before, after, as, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。這里the work和do之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。正確答案應(yīng)為C。6. Please dont make a n

41、oise. _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse. A. Yes, I do B. No, I dont C. Yes, I will D. No, I wont 【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B。這是由于忽略語境和思維定勢造成的。有些同學(xué)一看到上文中的dont一詞，就應(yīng)為答案只能在A或B中選擇。其實(shí)在這里，問句是一個(gè)祈使句，表示的時(shí)間應(yīng)該是“將來”，而且從空格后面的Ill be也可以得知應(yīng)用將來時(shí)。因此正確答案為D。這里I wont是I wont make any noise的省略形式。7. Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it

42、. Its A. dont B. didnt C. couldnt D. cant 【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A，認(rèn)為這里要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在“沒聽清對方的話”。其實(shí)，“沒有聽清”應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在剛才那一刻是一個(gè)過去了的動(dòng)作，正確答案為B。選C也不對，因?yàn)檫@不是“能不能夠”的問題，而是事實(shí)上已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。又如： Nice to see you, Kate! I didnt know you worked here. 凱特見到你真高興!我不知道你在這里工作。8. Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeli

43、ng B. is felt C. feels D. felt 【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B。這是思維定勢引起的，因?yàn)槔蠋熃?jīng)常說物作主語時(shí)，如果謂語動(dòng)詞與主語之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系就要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這里“布料”應(yīng)該是“被模”所以feel應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。其實(shí)，feel是連系動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)，也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。正確答案為C。生活常識1. When we see dark _ in the sky, we know that rain may come soon.A. stars B. planes C. clouds D. things【解析】此題容易誤選A、B。如果不清楚這是一道常識題的話，一看到in

44、the sky就會想當(dāng)然地錯(cuò)選為A或B這兩項(xiàng)，因?yàn)檫@兩樣?xùn)|西經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在天空中。由下文中的we know that rain may come soon可知“很快就要下雨了，那么一定是看天空中的烏云了”。因此正確答案為C。2. I want to have a _. I feel thirsty.A. meeting B. talk C. swim D. drink【解析】此題容易誤選A、B、C中的任何一項(xiàng)。所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能與have a構(gòu)成短語，如果粗心大意，不注意下文中的I feel thirty. 就很容易犯想當(dāng)然的錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)常識可知：感到口渴應(yīng)該是想“喝點(diǎn)什么東西”。正確答案為D。(f

45、rom www.zkeng)3. There are five circles with different coloursHYPERLINK http:/www.zkeng/Article/zthb/Index.htmlon the flag of Olympic Games. They are green, blue, red _ and _.A. yellow, black B. yellow, purple C. black, pink D. pink, grey【解析】此題容易誤選B、C、D中的任何一項(xiàng)。如果不了解奧運(yùn)會會旗圖案的顏色是由紅、黃、藍(lán)、綠、黑的話，誤選為B、C、D的可能

46、性就相當(dāng)大。正確答案為A。4. When people are in danger, they would cry out _!A. Help! Help B. Save me! Save meC. Come on! Come on D. Save life! Save life【解析】此題易受漢語思維的影響而誤選為B或D，因?yàn)锽項(xiàng)譯成漢語時(shí)好是“救我”之意，D項(xiàng)譯成漢語正好是“救命”之意。其實(shí)，這里應(yīng)該選A，在英語中表示求救時(shí)要說Help！，而不說Save me!或Save life!典型陷阱之否定句英語中有些否定句極易引起誤解，它們猶如“陷阱”一般，稍不留神你就會“陷”進(jìn)去。要想避免誤解，

47、做出正確的漢譯，就必須弄清原文的否定范圍、否定程度、內(nèi)在含義以及英漢兩種語言表達(dá)習(xí)慣的差異。 一、“no/nevertoo/enough”結(jié)構(gòu) 此結(jié)構(gòu)常與can連用，表示的內(nèi)在含義為“無論也不過分”，尤其是too后跟不定式時(shí)，誤導(dǎo)性更強(qiáng)，因?yàn)樗菀资谷寺?lián)想到“tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)。1. Parents cannot be too strict to their children.誤譯：家長不能對孩子太嚴(yán)格。改譯：家長對孩子越嚴(yán)格越好(怎么嚴(yán)都不為過)。2. Doctors can never be too careful to make such a critical decision, as i

48、t is a matter of life and death to the patient.誤譯：醫(yī)生們永遠(yuǎn)不能太仔細(xì)，以至于做不出如此關(guān)鍵的決定，因?yàn)樗鼘Σ∪耸巧镭P(guān)的。改譯：做如此關(guān)鍵的決定，醫(yī)生們再細(xì)心也不過分，因?yàn)樗鼘Σ∪耸巧镭P(guān)的。3. We cant pay enough/sufficient attention.誤譯：我們不能給予足夠的注意。改譯：我們要格外注意。二、“not and”結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)表示對兩者之一的否定，并非對兩者的全部否定。4. You couldnt be a father and live that kind of life.誤譯：你既不能當(dāng)父親，又不能過

49、那樣的生活。改譯：你不能既當(dāng)父親，同時(shí)又過那樣的生活。5. The careless student couldnt do his homework fast and correctly.誤譯：那位粗心的學(xué)生不能把作業(yè)做得快，也不能做得對。改譯：那位粗心的學(xué)生不能把作業(yè)做得又快又對。三、no表達(dá)的強(qiáng)調(diào)否定no的否定意味在程度上比not要強(qiáng)得多，往往表示跟所說的情況截然相反，所以要譯出足夠的否定意味。6. She was wearing no ordinary hat.誤譯：她戴著一頂不一般的帽子。改譯：她戴著一頂絕非一般的帽子。7. This nightclub is no place for

50、 a young and innocent girl.誤譯：這家夜總會不是純真的少女去的地方。改譯：這家夜總會根本不是純真的少女去的地方。四、轉(zhuǎn)移否定結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移否定結(jié)構(gòu)涉及表示看法、信念的動(dòng)詞（如：believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think等）后面帶有賓語從句，以及表語為表示同樣概念的名詞（如：belief, thought, opinion, view等）后面帶有主語從句。8. I dont expect Tom has eaten all the cake.誤譯：我沒料到湯姆吃完了那整個(gè)蛋糕。改譯：我料想湯姆沒有吃完那整個(gè)蛋糕。9. It is not

51、my thought that he will be back until eight oclock.誤譯：我不認(rèn)為他八點(diǎn)之前會回來。改譯：我認(rèn)為他八點(diǎn)之前不會回來。五、否定疑問句的答語關(guān)于否定疑問句的答語，英語和漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣很不相同：英語的肯定答語為“Yes，+肯定句”，否定答語為“No，+否定句”；而漢語相應(yīng)的肯定答語為“不，+肯定句”，否定答語為“是的，+否定句”。10. Didnt you have a good time at the ball?Yes, I did.誤譯：難道你在舞會上玩得不快活嗎？是的，我玩得很快活。改譯：難道你在舞會上玩得不快活嗎？不，我玩得很快活。11. A

52、rent you now convinced Im sincere?誤譯：難道你現(xiàn)在還不相信我是真心的？不，我不相信。改譯：難道你現(xiàn)在還不相信我是真心的？是的，我不相信。六、“There be +no/not any +v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不表示存在，而是表示禁止或不可能性。12. There isnt any mistaking his intentions this time.誤譯：這次沒有誤解他的意圖。改譯：這次是不可能誤解他的意圖的。13. There is no smoking in the waiting room at the railway station.誤譯：火車站的

53、候車室里沒有吸煙的。改譯：火車站的候車室里不準(zhǔn)吸煙。七、whether或if引導(dǎo)的否定賓語從句由于whether或if本身就有“是否”的含義，所以其后的否定賓語從句大可不必譯為漢語的否定句。14. I asked him if he didnt know her.誤譯：我問他是否不認(rèn)識她。改譯：我問他是否認(rèn)識她。15. Try and think whether you have not any friends to help you.誤譯：想想看是不是沒有朋友能幫助你。改譯：想想看是不是有些朋友能幫助你。八、“否定詞+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)“否定詞+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于最高級的含義，一般不宜將其機(jī)械地翻

54、譯成漢語的“否定詞+更“結(jié)構(gòu)。16. I couldnt be happier at that time.誤譯：我當(dāng)時(shí)不能更高興了。改譯：我當(dāng)時(shí)再高興不過了。17. Butcher had already set a new time record for the first leg of the trip, and her chances of winning had never been better.誤譯：布徹爾在第一段賽程上已經(jīng)創(chuàng)下了一個(gè)新的時(shí)間記錄，所以她獲勝的可能性從來沒有更大過。改譯：布徹爾在第一段賽程上已經(jīng)創(chuàng)下了一個(gè)新的時(shí)間記錄，所以她獲勝的可能性之大是空前的。九、“hardl

55、y/scarcely/barelywhen/before”結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)表示在時(shí)序上緊密相連的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，含義為“一就”，不宜將其中的hardly, scarcely, barely譯成漢語的否定字眼。18. Scarcely had the operator pressed the button when all the machines began to work.誤譯：當(dāng)所有的機(jī)器開始運(yùn)行時(shí)，操作員幾乎沒有按電鈕。改譯：操作員一按電鈕，所有的機(jī)器就開始運(yùn)行了。19. He had hardly got home before she started complaining.誤譯：在她開始抱怨之

56、前，他幾乎沒到家。改譯：她一到家就開始抱怨起來。十、含蓄否定句在英語的含蓄否定句中并沒有否定詞，也不含有否定意義的詞綴，但又確實(shí)具有否定含義，這時(shí)譯成漢語時(shí)往往要用否定句表達(dá)，甚至只有用否定句表達(dá)才能通順、達(dá)意。20. He went away before I had time to replay.誤譯：在我有時(shí)間回答之前，他就離去了。改譯：我還沒來得及回答，他就離去了。21. The teacher has assigned more homework than I can manage.誤譯：老師留的作業(yè)比我能夠應(yīng)付的還要多。改譯：老師留的作業(yè)太多，我應(yīng)付不了。22. Hes the l

57、ast man I wanted to see.誤譯：他是我最后一個(gè)想見到的人。改譯：他是我最不想見到的人。 練習(xí)題1. -Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk? - _. I think Ill just have a glass of water. A. Both B. Neither C. None D. Either( )2. Ive never seen _ match before. A. such an exciting B. so an exciting C. such an excited D. so an

58、 excited( )3. We usually _ hello to each other. A. tell B. talk C. speak D. say( )4. She did the exercise again. She forgot _ it. A. to do B. doing C. do D. did( )5. There _ a great number of students over there. The number of the students _ five thousand. A. are, is B. are, are C. is, are D. is, is

59、( )6. I think he must be in the office now, _? A. dont I B. mustnt he C. isnt he D. cant he( )7. - How many people were there at the meeting? -_. A. Nobody B. No one C. None D. Nothing )8. I _ the mouse for 18 yuan in the supermarket. A. paid B. bought C. cost D. spent( )9. _ of us felt very tired b

60、ut quite happy after _ sports meeting. A. Everyone, a two days B. Every one, the two days C. Every one, the two-day D. None, a two-day( )10. - Will you please _ your radio a little? I can hardly go to sleep. - Oh, sorry. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up( )11. Ill spend as much time as