英語詞匯學自考題-4

1、英語詞匯學自考題-4（總分：100.00 ,做題時間：90分鐘）一、I .（總題數(shù)：15,分數(shù)：30.00）I.Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that forms the core of word-meaning?A. Conceptual meaning. B. Grammatical meaning.C. Lexical meaning. D. Associative meaning.（分數(shù)：2.00）A. VB.C.D.解析：2.The semantic change of

2、 the word girl from a young person of either sex to female young person is called.extension B. narrowingC. degradation D. elevation（分數(shù)：2.00）A.VC.D.解析：3.Tulip and rose are of flower.A. synonyms B. antonymshomonyms D. hyponyms（分數(shù)：2.00）A.B.C.V解析：上下義關(guān)系（hyponymy）指的是詞語之間的語義包含關(guān)系，即一個意思比較具體的詞包含在另外一個 意思比較具有概括

3、性的詞里面。題目中的“ tulip ”和“rose”兩個詞包含在“flower ” 一詞的語義里面 4.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example of.A. domicile for home B. diminutive for weeC. purse for money D. beaver for girl/（分數(shù)：2.00）A.B.C. VD.解析：轉(zhuǎn)移(transfer)指的是本來指代一樣事物的詞語轉(zhuǎn)而指代其他的事物。題目中的“ purse”原來指裝硬幣或者紙幣的扁平小包，現(xiàn)在則可以指錢

4、。這種轉(zhuǎn)移叫相關(guān)性轉(zhuǎn)移(associative transfer) 。.The word criticize means to find fault with nowadays. But its original meaning was.A. curse B. reviewC. appraise D. view(分數(shù)：2.00)A.B.C. VD.解析：詞的降格(degradation)指的是本來含有褒義或者能使人產(chǎn)生積極聯(lián)想的詞逐漸含有貶義的過程。題目中的“criticize ”原意為“評價”，而其現(xiàn)在的意思是“批評”。.explains the connection between the

5、 literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivation B. Semantic motivationC. Morphological motivation D. Onomatopoeic motivation(分數(shù)：2.00)A.B. VC.D.解析：語義理據(jù)指的是由詞的概念意義激發(fā)出的對詞的相關(guān)聯(lián)想，它可以解釋詞的字面意義和比喻意義的 聯(lián)系。.Which two of the following are perfect homonyms?A. Bear (n.)/Bear (v.). B. Are

6、(v.)/R.C. Bow (n.)/Bow (v.). D. Sow (v.)/Sow (n.).(分數(shù)：2.00)A. VB.C.D.解析：完全同形同音異義詞(perfect homonyms)指的是詞形和發(fā)音都相同但是意義不同的詞。題目中“boW (n.)和“boW (v.)組及soW (v.)和“soW (n.)互為同形異音異義詞(homographs) ； are和R互為同音異形異義詞(homophones),但D項兩詞發(fā)音不相同，不是完全同形同音異義詞。.The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas:.A

7、. denotation, connotation and intensity B. connotation, intensity and applicationC. denotation, connotation and application D. connotation, implication and application(分數(shù)：2.00)A.B.D.解析：同義詞之間的差異主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：外延 （denotation）,內(nèi)涵（connotation）,以及各自的 應用（application） 。.Words like miaow, tick-tuck and ping-po

8、ng are motivated.A. onomatopoeically B. morphologicallyC. semantically D. etymologically（分數(shù)：2.00）V解析：題目中miaoW , “tick -tuck , ping - pong等詞都是通過模仿自然莽中的聲音而產(chǎn)生的，它 們的發(fā)膏可以表示出其意義，因此它們都是擬聲理據(jù)（onomatopoeically motivated） 詞。10.Antonyms are often used in proverbs to.A. form antithesis to achieve emphasis B. exp

9、ress ideas easilyC. form metaphors D. express ideas economically（分數(shù)：2.00）V解析：反義詞（antonyms）常常被放置在一起，形成對偶 （antithesis）,以此起到強調(diào)的作用。許多格言、 諺語都有此特征，例如： more haste , less speed（欲速則不迭）。11.That the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary means that.the connection between t

10、he sign and mean ing has a logical explanationall the words are non-motivatedthe connection between the sign and meaning does not have a logical explanationnone of the above（分數(shù)：2.00）V解析：12.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: .A. butcher - one who kills goats B. journal - periodica

11、lC. companion - one who shares bread D. mill - places for grinding（分數(shù)：2.00）V解析：詞義的擴大（extension）指的是原本意思較為具體的詞的意思變得較為概括的過程。題目中的“journal ”原意為“日報”，而現(xiàn)在的意思是“期刊”。13.Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and.A. its referent B. its referring expressionsC. its meaning D. its concept（分數(shù)：

12、2.00）V解析：14.The antonyms big and small are.contradictory terms B. contrary termsC. relative terms D. connected terms（分數(shù)：2.00）A.V解析：對立反義詞（contrary terms）可通過兩個反義詞意義的兩極之間不同層級的對立得以最好地體現(xiàn)。此類反義詞是可以分級、對立存在的。15.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only onemeaning.

13、 The first meaning is called .A. primary meaning B. derived meaningC. central meaning D. basic meaning（分數(shù)：2.00）V解析：二、n.（總題數(shù)：5,分數(shù)：15.00）1 is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the second meaning proceeds out in every direction like rays.（分數(shù)：3.00）填空項1: （正確答案：Radia

14、tion ）解析：one thing changes to refer to a different butrelated1 is a process by which a word denoting thing.（分數(shù)：3.00）填空項1: （正確答案：Transfer ）解析：Contrary terms are 1 antonyms.（分數(shù)：3.00）填空項1: （正確答案：gradable ）解析：19.By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its

15、1.（分數(shù)：3.00）填空項1: （正確答案：origin ）解析：20.Ground floor in British English and first floor in American English have the same 1.（分數(shù)：3.00）填空項1: （正確答案：sense）解析：三、山.（總題數(shù)：5,分數(shù)：20.00）21.connotation（分數(shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（Connotation refer to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.）解析：22.motiv

16、ation4.00）正確答案：（Motivation refers to the relationship between the structure of a word/the linguistic symbol and is meaning.） 解析：23.contrary terms4.00） 正確答案：（Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two polesor extremes, such as rich and poor.）解析：24.hyponymy（分數(shù)：4.00）

17、正確答案：（Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word.）解析：25.collocative meaning（分數(shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（Collocative meaning is the word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word i

18、n discussion.）解析：四、IV.（總題數(shù)：3,分數(shù)：15.00）.What is a semantic field? Why is it useful in our reading?（分數(shù)：5.00） 正確答案：（A semantic field is a meaning area where words share the same concept. A semantic field is useful because it helps pin down the meanings of words in relation to other words in the semanti

19、c field. Often, a word is not known until the words that operate with it become known.）解析：.What is the difference between polysemy and perfect homonyms?（分數(shù)：5.00） 正確答案：（Polysemy is a commonfeature of all natural languages: it means a word has two or more meanings. Perfect homonyms are words identical

20、 both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning.）解析：.How do you understand semantic motivation?（分數(shù)：5.00） 正確答案：（Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.）解析：五、V.（總題數(shù)：2,分數(shù)：20.00）.Explain the meaning of the phrase a laconic answer, using the theory of motivation.(分數(shù)：10.00 )正確答案：(Laconic is derived from Laco