《大學(xué)英語口譯》口譯聽辨

1、口譯聽辨源語的聽辨理解作為口譯工作過程的初始步驟，對口譯的成敗起著關(guān)鍵的作用。從語音聽辨到語流聽辨譯員通常采用語流聽辨的方式譯員要注意聽辨并理解源語的信息內(nèi)容，其目標(biāo)是對信息內(nèi)容進(jìn)行譯語復(fù)述口譯現(xiàn)場的譯員似乎并不需要清楚地聽到源語的每一個音就能達(dá)成對源語的聽辨理解。具備“心理完型”的能力。從聽詞到聽意：脫離源語語言外殼Listen for the ideas and not the words口譯的聽辨過程是一個積極理解的過程，口譯聽辨的目的是為了充分理解源語發(fā)言人的意思（ideas）。只有理解了源語的意思，口譯的傳意溝通的目的才有可能達(dá)成。世界著名的口譯教學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)- 巴黎第三大學(xué)高等翻譯學(xué)院所

2、主張的“釋意理論”認(rèn)為，口譯的理解過程是以“脫離源語語言外殼”為核心的。口譯過程大致可分為三個階段：1 聽到帶有一定含義的源語聲音流。通過分析和解釋，理解語言并領(lǐng)悟其意思。2 立即審慎地丟開原來的措辭，記住源語所表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容（概念、見解等）3 把意思用譯語表達(dá)出來口譯聽辨的意義：a 信息的構(gòu)成要素 誰對誰做了什么 b 語言的內(nèi)在含義the underlying meaning of a word or expression 口譯理解是一個“語言分析+認(rèn)知補(bǔ)充”的過程C=KL+ELK+AUS Vice Presidents Speech at Fudan University美國副總統(tǒng)在復(fù)旦大

3、學(xué)的演講開場白Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And were delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China. We are grateful for the welcome we have received, especially for the kind of reception here at

4、 Fudan University. We thank you for the honor, and we bring you good wishes from President George W. Bush and the people of the United States. I know that many of you will soon graduate from this great university. I am told the standards are extremely demanding here, and a degree from Fudan Universi

5、ty signifies years of hard work and discipline.I congratulate each one of you on your achievement, and I commend your teachers for upholding the tradition of excellence that marks the 99-year history of Fudan University.王光亞在普林斯頓大學(xué)的演講開場白女士們、先生們：晚上好。很榮幸應(yīng)邀到普林斯頓大學(xué)參加你們的研討會。對我本人、我的同事及許多中國人來講，普林斯頓大學(xué)的名字早已是耳

6、熟能詳。她的歷史比這個國家還長，從這個校園里走出了美國第28任總統(tǒng)伍德羅威爾遜、偉大科學(xué)家愛因斯坦、著名詩人T.S.艾略特等眾多杰出人物。正如前總統(tǒng)克林頓先生在1996年普大建校250周年時所說：“在美國歷史上的每一個緊要關(guān)頭，普林斯頓大學(xué)及其師生都發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。”令人高興的是，在座諸位對中國事務(wù)都抱有研究興趣。雖然我們兩國地理上相距萬里，但在日常生活中卻非常相近。好萊塢影片、麥當(dāng)勞快餐成了許多中國人生活中的內(nèi)容。而中國加工的服裝、日用品也天天伴隨著美國人民。我希望通過今天的交流，能增進(jìn)在座諸位對中國和中國外交政策的了解，為未來彼此的友誼與合作錦上添花。Speech at inauguart

7、ion of new facilityDistinguished guests,Ladies and gentlemen,Good afternoon and welcome to the opening ceremony of our first factory in China. We appreciate your taking the time to share this wonderful occasion with us today.On behalf of the company Id like to say a big “thank you” to all of our sup

8、pliers, customers, employees and business associates that are here in attendance with us today.The management team is very proud of this facility and the very capable staff that has developed and brought this operation up to world-class status. This facility is a symbol of the focus and commitment t

9、hat we have made to China.To our suppliers, we look forward to working with you to grow our business to new heights.To our dealers, we plan to continue to supply you with state-of-the-art, high quality products that will allow you to support your customers and improve the lives of many people here i

10、n China and Southeast Asia.To our neighbours and friends, we plan to be a good corporate citizen and will work with you to uphold high business standards throughout China.And last but not least, to our employees, we are committed to providing you with a safe and enjoyable working environment. Thank

11、you all once again for taking the time to share this wonderful occasion with us.布什清華演講英文Vice President Hu, thank you for your words of welcome. I am grateful for your hospitality, and honored by this reception at one of Chinas great universities. Tsinghua University was founded, with the support of

12、America, to further the ties between our two nations. I know how important this place is to the Vice President, who earned his degree here and even more important, met his gracious wife Liu Yongqing here.I also thank the students here for this opportunity to meet with you, to talk a little bit about

13、 my country and answer some of your questions.The standards and reputation of this university are known around the world, and I know what an achievement it is to be hereMy wife Laura and I have two daughters in college, one at Yale and the other at the University of Texas.We are proud of our daughte

14、rs just like I am sure your parents are proud of you.My visit to China comes on an important anniversary.Thirty years ago this week, an American President arrived in China on a trip designed to end decades of estrangement and confront centuries of suspicion.President Richard Nixon showed the world t

15、hat two vastly different governments could meet on the grounds of common interest, and in a spirit of mutual respect.As they left the airport that day, Premier Zhou Enlai said to President Nixon, Your handshake came over the vastest ocean in the world ? twenty-five years of no communication.During t

16、he 30 years since, America and China have exchanged many handshakes of friendship and commerce.And as we have had more contact with each other, the citizens of our two countries have gradually learned more about each other.Once, America knew China only by its history as a great and enduring civiliza

17、tion.Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship, and honor. And we see a China that is becoming one of the most dynamic and creative societies in the world as demonstrated by all the knowledge and potential right here in this room.China is on a rising path

18、, and America welcomes the emergence of a strong, peaceful, and prosperous China.The Questions That MatterPresident Richard C. LevinSeptember 1, 2007Yale UniversityMembers of the class of 2011, I am delighted to join Dean Salovey in welcoming you to Yale College. And I want to extend _ also to the p

19、arents, relatives, and friends who have _ you here. To parents especially, I want to say thank you for your very talented and promising children to us. We are delighted to have them with us, and we pledge to do our best to provide them with _to learn and thrive in the four years ahead.Three weeks ag

20、o, as you were beginning to prepare yourselves for your journey to New Haven, I spent a very _ weekend reading a new book by one of our distinguished Sterling Professors, the former Dean of the Yale Law School, Anthony Kronman, who now teaches humanities courses in Yale College. I had one of those e

21、xperiences that I hope you have time and again during your four years here. I was disappointed to finish reading the book. It was beautifully written, _, and _ in its exposition and its logic. I was disappointed because I wanted the pleasure of my reading to go on and on, through the lovely summer a

22、fternoon and well into the evening.Professor Kronmans book,Educations End,1is at once an _of the essential value of the humanities in undergraduate education and a critique of the humanities curriculum as it has evolved over the past forty years. Professor Kronman begins with a presumption that a co

23、llege education should be about more than acquainting yourself with a body of knowledge and _. This presumption is widely shared. Many who have thought deeply about higher education including legions of university presidents starting most eloquently with Yales Jeremiah Day in 1828 go on to argue tha

24、t a university education should develop in you what President Day called the “_” the capacity to think clearly and independently, this classical formulation of the rationale for_. He argues that undergraduate education should also encourage you to wrestle with the deepest questions concerning lived

25、experience: What constitutes a good life? What kind of life do you want to lead? _? What kind of community or society do you want to live in? And how should you reconcile the claims of family and community with your individual desires? In short, Professor Kronman asserts that an important component

26、of your undergraduate experience should be seeking answers to the questions that matter: questions about .The four years ahead of you offer a _ to pursue your intellectual interests wherever they may lead, and, wherever they may lead, you will find something to reflect upon that is pertinent to your

27、 quest for meaning in life. It is true that your professors are unlikely to give you the answers to questions about what you should value and how you should live. _. But I want to make very clear that we encourage you to ask the questions, and, in seeking the answers, to use the _ resources of this

28、place a brilliant and learned faculty, library and museum resources that are the equal of any campus anywhere, and curious and diverse classmates who will accompany you in your quest.Because of their subject matter, the humanities disciplines have a special role in inspiring you to consider how you

29、should live. But I also want to suggest to each of you that questions that _will arise in whatever subjects you choose to study. You will find that virtually every discipline will provide you with a different _ on questions of value and lead you to fresh insights that will _.Your philosophy professo

30、rs, for example, arent likely to teach you the meaning of life, but they will train you to _ and to discern more readily what constitutes a logically consistent argument and what does not. And they will lead you through texts that wrestle directly with the deepest questions of how to live, from Plat

31、o and Aristotle to Kant and Nietzsche and beyond.Your professors of literature, music, and art history will not tell you how to live, but they will teach you to read, listen, and see closely, with _ for the artistry that makes literature, music, and visual art sublime representations of human emotio

32、ns, values, and ideas. And they will lead you through great works that present many different models of how, and how not, to lead a good life.In your effort to think through how you wish to live and what values matter most to you, you will find that challenging questions arise not only in the humani

33、ties. Long ago, I taught _ in Yale College. I always began by telling the students that the course would change their lives. I still believe this. Why? Because economics will open you to an entirely new and different way of understanding how the world works. Economics wont _ for you how society shou

34、ld be organized, or the extent to which individual freedom should be subordinated to collective ends, or how the fruits of human labor should be distributed at home and around the world. But understanding the logic of markets will give you a new way to think about these questions, and, because life

35、is lived within society and not in abstraction from it, economics will help you to think about _.Your biology and chemistry professors will not tell you how to live, but the discoveries made in these fields over the last century have already extended human life _ in the United States. As the secrets

36、 of the human genome are unlocked and the mechanisms of disease uncovered, life expectancy may well increase by _. You may want to ponder how a longer life span might alter your thinking about how to live, how to balance family and career, and how society should best be organized to realize the full

37、 potential of _.Finally, it is at the core of the physical sciences that one finds some of the deepest and most fundamental questions relating to the meaning of human experience. How was the physical universe created? How long will it endure? And _in the order of the universe?For the next four years

38、, each of you has the freedom to _ and prepare for shaping the world around you. You will learn much about yourself and your capacity to contribute to the world not only from your courses, but also from the many friends you make and the rich array of _. Your courses will give you the tools to ask an

39、d answer the questions that matter most, and your friendships and activities will give you the opportunity to test and refine your values through experience.Let me warn you that daily life in Yale College is so intense that it may sometimes _. But, in truth, you have four years free from the pressur

40、es of career and family obligations that you will _ later to reflect deeply on the life you wish to lead and the values you wish to live by. _. It may prove to be the most important and enduring accomplishment of your Yale education.On this day, prescribed by law and marked by ceremony, we celebrate

41、 _ of our constitution and recall the deep commitments that unite our country. I am grate for the honor of this hour, mindful of the_ in which we live，and to fulfill the oath that I have_ and you have _. At this second gathering, our duties are defined not by the words I use, but by the _we have see

42、n together. For a half century, America defended our own freedom by standing watch on _. After the shipwreck of communism came years of relative quiet, years of repose, years of _-and then there came a day of fire. We have seen our _ and we have seen its deepest source. For as long as whole regions

43、of the world simmer in _-prone to ideologies that feed hatred and excuse murder - _， and multiply in destructive power, and cross the most defended borders, and raise a _. There is only one force of history that can break the reign of_, and expose the pretensions of tyrants, and reward the hopes of the decent and tolerant, and that is_ . We are led, by events and common sense, to one conclusion: The survival of liberty in our land increasingly depends on the _ in other lands. The best hope for peace in our world is the_of freedom in all the world.Practice 2