《大學(xué)英語口譯》數(shù)字口譯

1、數(shù)字口譯英語以個十百每三位數(shù)為一個段位，每一個段位由低到高依次用thousand, million, billion, trillion表示，而漢語以個十百千每四位數(shù)為一個段位，每一個段位由低到高依次用萬、億、萬億等詞表示。個 百十個 百十個 百十個 百十個1，2 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9 1, 2 3 4 T b m th個 千百十個 千百十個 千百個十1， 2 3 4 5, 6 7 8 9, 1 2 3 4萬億 億 萬10 ten 十100 one hundred 百1,000 one thousand 千10,000 ten thousand 萬100,000 one hundre

2、d thousand 十萬1,000,000 one million 百萬10,000,000 ten million 千萬100,000,000 one hundred million 億1,000,000,000 one billion 十億10,000,000,000 ten billion 百億100,000,000,000 one hundred billion 千億1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 萬億1萬： 10千10萬： 100千1000萬： 10百萬1億： 100百萬100億： 10十億1000億： 100十億1三位以內(nèi)數(shù)字的口譯三位以內(nèi)數(shù)字的漢英

3、互譯在語言表達(dá)上基本一致，各數(shù)字都有相應(yīng)的詞，無須推算，只要按英語和漢語的習(xí)慣讀出數(shù)字就行了。只是英語的百位和十位之間一般要加“and”。請做下列數(shù)字互譯練習(xí)。用英語朗讀下列數(shù)字15fifteen20twenty35thirty-five63sixty-three101one hundred and one207two hundred and seven370three hundred and seventy414four hundred and fourteen839eight hundred and thirty-nine948nine hundred and forty-eight2四位

4、以上數(shù)字的口譯四位以上數(shù)字的口譯較為復(fù)雜，因?yàn)橛h數(shù)字分段方法和表達(dá)方式的不同，在譯出之前需要進(jìn)行一番換算。另外，數(shù)字互譯時，譯員要學(xué)會記錄和分段，這樣翻譯起來就容易多了。例如，英譯漢時，聽到英語數(shù)字時，特別是較為復(fù)雜的數(shù)字和系列數(shù)字時，立即用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字記錄下來，記錄的同時按英語數(shù)位分段法，從后往前每三位數(shù)為一段，用一逗號分開。這樣就會在“thousand”，“million”，“billion”等各數(shù)位后分別有一逗號。因?yàn)橛⒄Z數(shù)字的分段法正好和阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的分節(jié)法相一致，都是三位一段。分段后的數(shù)字以逗號為參照，按英漢數(shù)字換算規(guī)律，第一個逗號前一位譯成“千”，前兩位譯成“萬”，前三位譯成“十萬”

5、；第二個逗號前一位譯成“百萬”，前兩位譯成“千萬”，前三位譯成“億”；第三個逗號前一位譯成“十億”，這樣，依此類推，容易多了。漢譯英時，也是把聽到的數(shù)字用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字記錄下來，從后往前，每三位用一逗號分開，然后用英語讀出每位數(shù)就行了。讀時，把握好第一個逗號前的數(shù)字讀 “x thousand”，第二個逗號前讀“x million”，第三個逗號前讀“x billion”等規(guī)律。每個段位的其它數(shù)字按10進(jìn)規(guī)律，依次讀為“ten thousand”、“hundred thousand”、“ten million”、“hundred million”數(shù)字記錄可采用各種簡便符號或標(biāo)點(diǎn)。如35,000可記錄成

6、“35,”，用“”表示“000”，或者只用“35，”表示逗號后有三個“0”。3,000,000可記錄成“3,”或者“3，”。用英語朗讀下列數(shù)字：1,369 one thousand three hundred and sixty-nine2,010two thousand and ten4,705four thousand seven hundred and five6,003six thousand and three15,600fifteen thousand six hundred75,426,391seventy five million, four hundred and twent

7、y-six thousand, three hundred and ninety-one564,000,000five hundred and sixty-four million1,250,000,000one billion two hundred and fifty million含零的數(shù)字的翻譯6508018065million 80 thousand 1806508萬零1808040260880million 402thousand 6088040萬2608上百萬的數(shù)字最簡單的方法就是將百萬以后的數(shù)字用小數(shù)點(diǎn)表示，如：396萬可以表達(dá)為：3.96 million3億9650萬：396

8、.5 million以此類推，十億以上的數(shù)字也如此，如：百億：十十億129億：12.9 billion有小數(shù)點(diǎn)的詞5.26億： 526 million5.36萬： 53 thousand 6004.517 million: 451.7萬87.55 billion: 875.5億8666 : 八千六百六十六801，806： 80萬1千八百零六 2，009，005： 二百萬九千零五363，605，401： 三億六千三百60萬五千四百零一45，060，130： 四千五百零六萬零一百三十945，063，505： 九億四千五百零遛彎三千五百零五1，278，865，000 12億7千8百86萬5千12.5

9、 million 1千2百50萬15.28 billion 1百52億8千萬1.03 trillion 1萬零3百億203.7億： 20 b 370 m1.306萬： 13，060123.45公頃： 123.45hectares42.192公里： 42.192 kilometers60.25公斤： 60.25 kilograms600.53億美元 60 b 530m5.8萬元 58,000 yuan166.68萬噸 1,666,800 tons866.9萬人次 8,669,000 visitors436.75萬名新生 4,367,500 newcomers3模糊數(shù)字的口譯口譯中經(jīng)常遇到一些模糊

10、數(shù)字，如“幾個”、“十幾個”、“幾十個”、“成百上千個”等等。模糊數(shù)字的口譯雖也有一定的規(guī)律，但主要靠平時熟記，用時才能熟練自如，準(zhǔn)確無誤。注意以下模糊數(shù)字的口譯幾個 some; a few; several; a number of兩、三個 two or three五、六個 five or six十幾個 more than ten; over a dozen; less/no more than twenty三十來個 about/ around thirty幾十個 dozens of幾十年 decades十幾歲 In ones teens四十出頭 a little/a bit over fo

11、rty五十歲左右more or less fifty (years old); about fifty (years old)近八十歲了nearly/almost eighty (years old)九十好幾了well over ninety (years old)五點(diǎn)左右around five oclock 三天左右 three days or so大約150米處 somewhere about 150 meters好幾百hundreds of成千上萬，千千萬萬thousands of幾十萬hundreds of thousands of幾百萬millions of億萬hundreds of

12、 millions of4、百分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的口譯8%eight percent15%fifteen percent42%forty-two percent4.35%four point three five percent0.5%point five percent4.032four point zero three two71.006seventy-one point zero zero six1/2one half; a half1/3one third1/4a quarter3/5three-fifths7/8seven-eighths1/10one-tenth1/100one-hu

13、ndredth；one percent1/1000one-thousandth14/1000fourteen-thousandths1/10000one-ten thousandths2-1/2two and a half4-2/3four and two-thirds5. 增/減倍數(shù)的口譯英漢倍數(shù)的表達(dá)有相似之處，也有不同。英漢互譯時要特別注意不同的英語句型和表達(dá)方法所表示的倍數(shù)概念與漢語不同。英語用times 表示倍數(shù)。無論在何種句型中都表示乘的關(guān)系，即包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)。請注意以下表示倍數(shù)的英語句型及其含義：A is N times larger（longer，heavier）than

14、B.A is larger（longer，heavier）than B by N times.A is N times as large（long，heavy）as B.這三句英語的含義都是“A的大小(長度、重量)是B的N倍”，或者“A比B大（長、重）N-1倍”。根據(jù)以上規(guī)律，請看下面英語句子的漢譯：(1) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的大小是月球的49倍。(或地球比月球大48倍)(2) Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly quintupled（五倍）, While th

15、e population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold.自本世紀(jì)中葉以來，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長了將近四倍，人口翻了一番。結(jié)果，糧食的需求增加了近兩倍，石油燃料增加了近三倍。(3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world.30年內(nèi)，全世界的城市居民將是農(nóng)村人口的兩倍。4)

16、 Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre-125 times its area-to provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its pollution.雖然倫敦占地不到40萬英畝，卻需要近5000萬英畝的土地125倍于它本身的面積來供給它食品，原木和其他資源，并吸收它產(chǎn)生的污染物。漢語倍數(shù)的表示法歸納起來有兩類：第一類表示是(原數(shù)的)幾倍，幾倍于(原數(shù))或增加到(原數(shù)的)幾倍。第二類表

17、示(比原數(shù))大幾倍或(比原數(shù))增加了幾倍；這兩類說法含義不同。第一類表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，與英語倍數(shù)表示法的含義相同。第二類表示凈增倍數(shù)。因此，漢語倍數(shù)的英譯首先要區(qū)分不同含義，選用恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫?，靈活準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)。如果用能N times/表示英語的包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，那么漢語的第二類表示“增加了幾倍”的英譯就要用 (N+1) times 來表示。例如：去年這個公司手機(jī)的銷量增長了近一倍（為原來的兩倍）。The sales volume of portable phones of this company increased nearly twice last year.The sales vol

18、ume of portable phones of this company nearly doubled last year.漢語增加倍數(shù)的說法很多，英譯時，首先要仔細(xì)區(qū)分是包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的增加倍數(shù)還是凈增倍數(shù)，然后決定用N times 還是（N+1）times 來表達(dá)。例如：(1) 過去20年中，中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長了近五倍。In the past 20 years, Chinas gross domestic product increased nearly six times.(2) 1978年至1997年，中國人均生產(chǎn)總值增長了3.4倍。Chinas per capita GDP w

19、ent up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997.(3) 中國城鎮(zhèn)居民人均居住面積由1978年的3.6平方米提高到1997年的8.8平方米，增加1.4倍。The per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4 times.(4) 1949年至1998年, 中國的糧食總產(chǎn)量由1.1億噸增加到5.1億噸, 增長3.5倍, 年平均增長3.1%,

20、 是人口增長率的2.5倍。Chinas total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998, or an increase of over 4.5 times, with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth.(5) 1997年, 全國高等學(xué)校在校生總數(shù)為608萬人, 其中研究生18萬人, 分別是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。In 1997

21、，6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities, including 180,000 postgraduates, 2.2 times and 9.6 times the figures of 1979 respectively.由于漢語很少用“減少了若干倍”的說法，而多用“減少了百分之幾”或“減少了幾成”的說法，因此，減少多用百分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)表示。例如：(1) 由于水災(zāi)，去年的收成減少了三成。Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent

22、.(2) 該公司的員工裁減了近三分之一，開支減少了四分之一。The personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth.(3) 1998年，政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)。國務(wù)院下設(shè)部門從40個減少到29個，人員減少了近一半。In 1998，the targets of restructuring governmental institutions were met. Departments under the State Council were reduced fr

23、om 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half.6.增/減百分比的口譯“增/減了百分之幾”英語和漢語的含義一致，都表示凈增或凈減百分?jǐn)?shù)。英漢增/減百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法有以下幾種：1) 增/減了%increase/rise/grow%decrease/drop/fall/sink %或者increase/rise/grow/go up by %decrease/drop/fall/go down by %(1) Between 1986 and 1987, Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank

24、 by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.與“銳步”鞋業(yè)競爭的結(jié)果，從1986到1987年，耐克（鞋）的銷售額下降了18%，利潤下降了40%多。(2)By putting out more than one new shoe style everyday on average, in 1995 and 1996, Nikes sales and profits grew 71 percent and 80 percent respectively；meanwhile, Nikes closest rival

25、Reebok grew just nine percent in the same period.靠平均每天推出一個以上新（鞋）款式，1995到1996，耐克的銷售額和利潤分別上漲了71%和80%。而同期最接近耐克的競爭對手銳步只上漲了9%。(3) Procter & Gamble just raised prices on its paper products by as much as 8%.(美國) 普羅科特甘布爾公司剛剛把他們的紙制品價格提高了8%。(4) Spending on non-durables-everything from soap flakes to razors to

26、 tennis shoes-rose 30% last year.去年非耐用品，從皂片、剃須刀到網(wǎng)球鞋的消費(fèi)上升了30%。(5) In the fiscal year of 2000, ending on March 30, export slumped 11.3 percent in Taiwan, 10 percent in Thailand, 9.9 percent in South Korea and 2.4 percent in Hong Kong. However, the Chinese mainland posted a respectable 7.5 percent rate

27、 in the first quarter.在3月30日剛剛結(jié)束的2000財政年度，臺灣的出口猛跌了11.3%，泰國10%、南韓9.9%、香港2.4%。然而，中國大陸卻公布了第一季度7.5%的可觀增長。(6) In America, the number of people engaged in farming as their principal occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.7 percent from 1992, while the number between (the age of) 25 to 34 fell 28 perce

28、nt.在美國以農(nóng)業(yè)為主要職業(yè)的人數(shù)1997下降到961，560人，比1992下降了8.7%，而年齡在25到34歲的人數(shù)下降了28%。2) 與相比，增/減了%increase/rise/grow /go up by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / overdecrease/drop/fall/go down by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to /over例如:(1) 1999年，普通高校招生規(guī)模比上年擴(kuò)大了47.4%。University and colleg

29、e enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4 percent over the previous year.(2) 同1997年相比，1998年工業(yè)排污減少了11.6%；家庭排污增加了2.6%。Compared with 1997, the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent, while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.(3) 因受亞洲金融危機(jī)的沖擊，1998年中國進(jìn)出口總額比上年下降0.4%，其中進(jìn)口總額下

30、降1.5%；出口總額增長0.5%。As a result of Asian financial crises, Chinas total volume of import and export in 1998 dropped by 0.4 percent over the previous year, of which the volume of import went down by 1.5 percent, and the value of export went up by 0.5 percent.3) 增/減率be % increase/ rise /growthbe % decrease/drop /declinean increase / a r