湖南高考主觀題簡(jiǎn)答題

1、2011湖南高考主觀題2011年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試 英語(yǔ)科（湖南）試卷結(jié)構(gòu)表結(jié)構(gòu) 節(jié) 內(nèi)容 題量 分 值 時(shí)間（分鐘） 第一部分 聽(tīng) 力 第一節(jié) 聽(tīng)對(duì)話，選擇答案 15 30 20 第二節(jié) 聽(tīng)短文，填空 5第二部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用 第一節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空 15 45 25 第二節(jié)完形填空一12第三節(jié) 完型填空二 8 第三部分 閱讀理解 閱讀短文，選擇答案 153025第四部分 書(shū)面表達(dá) 第一節(jié) 閱讀短文，填空 10 45 45 第二節(jié)閱讀短文，回答問(wèn)題4第三節(jié) 寫(xiě)作 1 總 計(jì) 85 150 120 閱讀簡(jiǎn)答 閱讀簡(jiǎn)答為書(shū)面表達(dá)中的第二節(jié),材料為一篇300詞左右的文章?？忌喿x文章后,根據(jù)各

2、小題的具體要求,簡(jiǎn)要回答問(wèn)題。主要考查考生用簡(jiǎn)單的句子對(duì)所讀短文的主要信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述的能力。本節(jié)共4個(gè)小題,滿分10分。2011年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試湖南卷考試說(shuō)明第四部分書(shū)面表達(dá)第二節(jié)：簡(jiǎn)答（共4小題， 滿分10分）本節(jié)要求考生閱讀文章后，根據(jù)各小題的具體要求，簡(jiǎn)要回答問(wèn)題。主要考察考生用簡(jiǎn)單的句子對(duì)所讀短文的主要信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述的能力。總結(jié)命題規(guī)律1融語(yǔ)篇理解和文字表達(dá)考查為一體,以閱讀材料作為問(wèn)題的載體,考查的最終目標(biāo)指向表達(dá)能力。從多方位多角度考查考生通過(guò)閱讀獲取信息、處理信息并進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá)的能力。2題目設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇理解的要求既有深度又有廣度。問(wèn)題可涉及對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解、對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的概

3、括或歸納、文章標(biāo)題歸納等。問(wèn)題多以Whquestion形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)。3試題的答案具有一定的開(kāi)放性。具體細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常能從文章中找到明確的信息,但在表述上也不盡相同。有的題具有開(kāi)放性,要求考生根據(jù)短文中的某一細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行濃縮或就文章的整篇內(nèi)容進(jìn)行綜合和概括,以達(dá)到題目的要求。4啟動(dòng)學(xué)生思維,發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言潛質(zhì)。閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題有一定的難度,除傳統(tǒng)閱讀這一步驟外,解題過(guò)程中還需要更多的思維活動(dòng)。因而這一題型能夠把不同層次水平的考生區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái),具有很高的可信度和區(qū)分度。掌握解題技巧1先題后文,有的放矢考生在答題之前,先瀏覽一下問(wèn)題,弄清問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容和要求。然后帶著問(wèn)題去閱讀文章,從而避免了文章中無(wú)關(guān)信息的干擾,使閱

4、讀有意識(shí)、有目的地進(jìn)行。2快速閱讀,找出信息閱讀文章時(shí),對(duì)于與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)的信息一掃而過(guò),特別是對(duì)與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)的生詞,不可糾纏不清,耽誤時(shí)間；而對(duì)于與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息在閱讀時(shí)就用筆將其圈(劃)出來(lái)。3研究信息,正確作答通過(guò)對(duì)文章的閱讀,找出了與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息,那么就要回過(guò)頭來(lái),根據(jù)問(wèn)題的要求對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工、處理。4對(duì)照檢查,確保無(wú)誤對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行作答后,應(yīng)該將問(wèn)題、相關(guān)信息及所作答案進(jìn)行對(duì)照,檢查意思是否準(zhǔn)確一致、表達(dá)方式是否得當(dāng)、單詞拼寫(xiě)是否正確。2010年高考湖南卷Secret Santas On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imag

5、ine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but thats all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says. Its an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis, says Linda.It b

6、rings a whole new meaning to the holidays. Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Womens Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U.S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and commun

7、ity service. To find her adopted family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family thats struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home. The list is always heartbreaking. They have an

8、opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys, she says. We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves. She also buys gifts for the parents. Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list-one that didnt include the basics. Eve

9、ry child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime. She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest.I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this, says Linda. Pay attention to whats going on in your own backyard-no matter where you li

10、ve. The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.81. What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks) 82. Why did Linda join the American Womens Club of Toronto? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks) 83. Why did Linda ask for a se

11、cond wish list? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks) 84. What kind of people does secret Santas in the passage refer to? (No more than 12 words) (3 marks)They will feel greatly surprised.She joined it for fellowship and community service.She wanted to give the children some other gifts rather than the

12、basics.It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)意相同或相近且語(yǔ)法正確，酌情給分。81題：They will have a wide-eyed surprise.給2分(A/The/Great/Big)surprise.給2分The will be surprised with their eyes wide open.給2分They surprised with the wide-eyed.給1分Wide-eyed.給1分82題(She joined it) for fellowship a

13、nd community service.給2分(She joined it/wanted) to help the people in need/the families struggling to survive.給2分(She joined it/wanted) to do charitable work.給2分(She joined it/wanted) to do work.給1分83題 She wanted to be more helpful.給3分She wished to offer more help to the children. 3分She expected to o

14、ffer more than the basics.給3分She wanted the children to have an unforgettable Christmas.給3分She wanted to fulfill the childrens wishes for other things rather than the basics.給3分The first wish list is heartbreaking.給2分The first wish list only included the basics.給2分84題 It refers to those giving Chris

15、tmas gifts in secret.給3分It refers to people who anonymously help poor families on Christmas.給3分It refers to people who help poor families on Christmas.給2分It refers to people who anonymously help poor families.給2分 It refers to people like Linda.給1分實(shí)詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤的，每個(gè)扣分，但所扣分?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)本小題總分。語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，每處扣分，但所扣分?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)本小題總分。B簡(jiǎn)

16、答：材料中主要交織著現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)兩大時(shí)態(tài)，在時(shí)間上有跨度。而題目也有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)各兩題。較簡(jiǎn)單，No.82,83探求因果關(guān)系，涉及整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇主旨。要回答好問(wèn)題，必須具有較高的概括綜合能力及較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。在此尤其值得一提的是：與歷年不同，與試卷相配合的答案與評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中每小題給出了47種給分情況的示例，較好的考慮了（雖然沒(méi)有窮盡）學(xué)生答題的多樣化。簡(jiǎn)答題基本要求：從2007高考起湖南省增加了閱讀理解新題型簡(jiǎn)答題。該題材料為一篇300字左右的短文,考生讀完文章后,根據(jù)各小題具體要求,簡(jiǎn)要回答問(wèn)題, 主要測(cè)試考生用簡(jiǎn)單的句子對(duì)所讀短文的主要信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述的能力?？疾榈狞c(diǎn)既有詞義猜測(cè)題，細(xì)節(jié)題,主

17、旨題,也有推斷題，甚至還有要考生進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納的題。(1)詞語(yǔ)替代法。此法是指用詞形相同的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同義詞組，反義詞組對(duì)原句的某些成分進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的替代，而句子結(jié)構(gòu)不變。如：a.Is Meimei at home?-Is Meimei in?b.I must take good care of my sister well at home.-I must look after my sister well at home.c. Theyve sold their house in preparation for leaving the country.-Theyve sold the

18、house preparing for leaving the country.-Theyve sold the house to leave the country.d.An idea suddenly came to my mind.-An idea suddenly struck me.e.It took him two hours to do these exercises yesterday.-He spent two hours on these exercises yesterday.轉(zhuǎn)述信息的方法 (2)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法。此法是指利用某些派生詞或詞形相同的詞組來(lái)替代原句中的某些成分。

19、此時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)發(fā)生變化。The rain was very heavy last night.-It rained heavily/hard last night.(3)合并分句法。把兩個(gè)意義相關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。 He is a new teacher.He is called Sun Jun.-He is a new teacher called/named Sun Jun.The woman is our new director.She is in red.-The woman in red is our new director.(4)句型轉(zhuǎn)換法。句型轉(zhuǎn)換是句子類別的轉(zhuǎn)換。它

20、要求學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞形的變化做到概念清楚，運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確。比較狀語(yǔ)句型的轉(zhuǎn)換：最高級(jí)=比較級(jí)+than any other/the others=no other+ as 原級(jí)as a.Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.-Li Lei is the tallest in his class.b.This flower is more beautiful than any other flower at the exhibition.-No other flowers at the exhibition are as be

21、autiful as this one.-This flower is the most beautiful at the exhibition.狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式轉(zhuǎn)換a.The little girl was so tired that she couldnt go farther.-The little girl was too tired to go farther.(該題是由復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句，可用tooto 句型）b.The bear wants to climb the tree in order that he can get the apple on it.-The bear w

22、ants to climb the tree (in order) to /(so as) to get the apple on it.c.The bear is so big that he can not climb the tree.-The bear is too big to climb the tree. 賓語(yǔ)從句與不定式轉(zhuǎn)換a.We all hope that we will be able to play games on the sports field.-We all hope to play games on the sports field.b.We expect t

23、hat he will change his mind one day.-We expect him to change his mind one day.c. He orders us to do our home work in the classroom after school.從句轉(zhuǎn)換a.It was so hot that many people went swimming .-It was such a hot day that many people went swimming.b.He will miss the train if he does not take a tax

24、i.-He will miss the train unless he takes a taxi.從句與分詞，動(dòng)名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換When I was going shopping yesterday,I came across an old friend of mine.-Going shopping yesterday,I met my old friend.-I met my old friend while shopping yesterday.b.I suggest that you should phone your aunt before turning up at her hous

25、e.-I suggest you phoning your aunt before visiting her house.簡(jiǎn)答式閱讀理解題的類型 詞義猜測(cè)題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 主旨大意題 推理判斷題1詞義猜測(cè)題這類題要求考生不僅要讀懂原文,而且要表達(dá)出來(lái)。所以解這類題時(shí),可注意找出原詞在文章中的同義代換詞。如果沒(méi)有,還應(yīng)注意破折號(hào)、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、插入語(yǔ)等具有解釋、說(shuō)明作用的語(yǔ)言成分 2細(xì)節(jié)理解題解這類題時(shí),盡量用詞或短語(yǔ)代替句子,盡量用簡(jiǎn)單句代替復(fù)合句等。另外,考生可采用一些小技巧進(jìn)行形式上的濃縮。比如,可利用縮寫(xiě),將their basic units of the price改寫(xiě)為thei

26、r basic price units；把多個(gè)詞合成一個(gè)復(fù)合詞,比如：a fiveyearold boy,而避免使用a boy of five years old。當(dāng)然解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是使自己的語(yǔ)言有概括性,對(duì)同類現(xiàn)象找出共性,進(jìn)行概括 閱讀中，學(xué)生可根據(jù)問(wèn)題題干出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞，如人名、地名、數(shù)字符號(hào)等，利用查閱式或跳躍式閱讀方法，找到文中相關(guān)的詞句或段落。然后在詞數(shù)限定的情況下結(jié)合上下文，運(yùn)用歸納概括能力及轉(zhuǎn)換能力，快速而準(zhǔn)確地給出答案。 1. 閱讀中,學(xué)生可根據(jù)問(wèn)題題干出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞,如人名、地名、數(shù)字符號(hào)等,快速找到文中相關(guān)的詞句或段落。 2. 此題要求考生理解文章中某個(gè)或某些長(zhǎng)難句,結(jié)合上下

27、文,運(yùn)用歸納概括能力及轉(zhuǎn)換能力,然后用自己的話表達(dá)出來(lái)。 3.注意詞數(shù)要求,在限定的詞數(shù)內(nèi)答題，可以少于或等于所給詞數(shù), 超過(guò)字?jǐn)?shù)要求計(jì)0分。 4.句子、短語(yǔ)要通順，語(yǔ)法正確,具有可讀性,答案中要體現(xiàn)主要意思,否則扣去相應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)。3主旨大意題這類題要求考生用最簡(jiǎn)潔而又內(nèi)涵豐富的詞或短語(yǔ)高度概括文章的中心思想。應(yīng)先找到主題句,通過(guò)對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行“手術(shù)”,也許就能找到最佳答案。而主題句通常都在段首或段末,有時(shí)是疑問(wèn)句或簡(jiǎn)單句,且具有語(yǔ)法上的獨(dú)立性。關(guān)鍵詞有“in short”、“in my opinion”、“that is”、“therefore”、“in fact”等?；卮疬@類題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住文

28、章的主旨句。但考生應(yīng)注意不可照抄原句,而需要重新歸納、組織、概括(詞數(shù)一般都有限制)。 1.此題要求考生理解整篇文章的主旨,屬篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。 2.對(duì)于此問(wèn)題,學(xué)生要注意尋找文章的主題句。一般地說(shuō),主題句通常在文章的首段（尤其是全文首句）或尾段,有時(shí)可能隱藏在其他段落中。 3.提問(wèn)形式可能是What is the best title of the article?what is the passage about?/ what is the general idea of the passage?等。 4.找出文章的主題句后,學(xué)生還要運(yùn)用歸納總結(jié)、分析綜合的方法和正確的語(yǔ)法去答題, 有時(shí)還需

29、借助個(gè)人積累的常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),讀透文章的寓意,得出正確的結(jié)論。4推理判斷題這類題與閱讀理解中的推斷題一樣,其答案在原文中是不能找到的,它要求考生進(jìn)行合理的推斷。當(dāng)然這種推斷并不是毫無(wú)目的的。文章中的某些詞及作者的寫(xiě)作手法都可能成為你做出推論的依據(jù)。1此類問(wèn)題是指讀者自己根據(jù)文章提示的信息作出的對(duì)某事情或觀點(diǎn)的評(píng)價(jià)或看法。測(cè)試內(nèi)容可以是對(duì)某人、某事的態(tài)度，對(duì)故事的進(jìn)展或可能的結(jié)局，或?qū)δ撤N觀點(diǎn)的評(píng)論等，以考查學(xué)生對(duì)問(wèn)題的分析能力和邏輯推理能力。 1. 客觀、全面、準(zhǔn)確地把握文章提供的信 息。 2. 分析文中信息反映的實(shí)質(zhì),排除干擾性語(yǔ)言，抓住作者的本意。緊扣主題思想,從文章本身的內(nèi)容出發(fā)進(jìn)行推理,不

30、能憑自己主觀臆斷。3. 注意文中的一些修辭色彩,把握文章的基調(diào)。4. “異向思維”在解答這類問(wèn)題時(shí)尤為重要。思考問(wèn)題時(shí)可以多換幾個(gè)角度,得出較深層的結(jié)論。此外,考生在答題時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免下列兩種錯(cuò)誤：(1)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。如主謂不一致、詞匯搭配不當(dāng)、時(shí)態(tài)與原文不對(duì)應(yīng)、句型使用不當(dāng)?shù)取?2)語(yǔ)言形式錯(cuò)誤。如拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤、大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)誤用、不符合答題規(guī)范等。HomeworkP63-70天天練Thank youKeys 11How many participants are needed to act as live statues？(no more than 3 words)2,400 participan

31、ts.2Sum up the theme Adrianne Foglia wanted to display when she acted as a live statue on the plinth.(no more than 2 words)Thanksgiving.3What kind of person do you think the author is？(no more than 7 words)He/She is a person with social responsibility.4What is the main idea of the last paragraph？(no

32、 more than 6 words)The project has been criticized. 21What is the main idea of the passage？(no more than 10 words)Bicycle rental companies in Beijing are going broke./Bicycle rental companies in Beijing are now struggling to survive./Bicycle rental business in Beijing is in a difficult state.2In whi

33、ch season is the bicycle rental business the most difficult in Beijing？(no more than 2 words)In winter.3List the reasons why Zhang Yu is not willing to rent a bike.(no more than 7 words)Requiring deposits and high rental fee.4How can IbikeMedia possibly make a profit by putting advertisements on the

34、 bikes according to Li Weiwei？(no more than 6 words)By enlarging/increasing the scale.31What is special about this cabinet meeting of the Maldives？(no more than 4 words)It was held underwater.2Why was coral checked before the meeting was held？(no more than 3 words)To ensure safety.3List the features

35、 that attract tourists to the Maldives.(no more than 6 words)Coral reefs and white sand beaches.4What attitude does Mr. Nasheed hold towards the future of his country？(no more than 6 words)He is very worried and upset.11What do childcare specialists care more about when talking about childrens watch

36、ing TV？(no more than 9 words)The amount of hours and the kinds of shows.2What does the underlined words “that question” refer to？(no more than 15 words)What happens to the kids when a TV is on in the background.3Whats the main purpose of the author to write this passage？(no more than 15 words)To ask

37、 readers to turn off the TV to let kids sleep better./To tell readers keeping the TV on will disturb childrens sleep patterns.4What does the passage mainly talk about？(no more than 15 words)Having a television on in the house can disturb childrens sleep patterns significantly.21What does the backpac

38、k use to make electricity？(no more than 12 words)It uses the natural upanddown motion of a persons stride.2List two advantages of the new kind of backpack.(no more than 10 words)It can provide/make electricity and it is more comfortable.3According to the text,what the backpack will be in the future？

39、(no more than 8 words)It will be lighter and more popular.4What does the passage mainly talk about？(no more than 15 words)A backpack that turns the spring in your step into electricity./A backpack which turns the natural upanddown motion of a persons stride into electricity.31What is the most common

40、 jury in the American system？(no more than 4 words)The petit jury.2How many members does a petit jury have in a criminal case traditionally？(用數(shù)字回答)Twelve或12.3What will a judge do when announcing the results if it is a hung jury？(no more than 5 words)He will declare a mistrial.4What grand juries are

41、included in the American system？(no more than 9 words)The charging grand jury and the investigative grand jury.閱讀簡(jiǎn)答綜合練(一)11According to the researchers from California,why are the oceans getting more acidic？(no more than 10 words)Due to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air.2What effect does th

42、e lowering of the waters pH value have on the living things in the sea？(no more than 6 words)It makes them in great danger.3How would the level of acidity change if we reduced the carbon dioxide in the air？(no more than 4 words)It would also reduce.4What would happen to greenhouse effect if we store

43、d carbon dioxide in the deep ocean？(no more than 7 words)It would reduce in amount.21When was the Internet started？(no more than 4 words)In 1969.2What will happen to peoples mental health if people spend a few hours on the Internet a week？(no more than 3 words)It will decline.3Why do peoples mental

44、health drop if they use the Internet,according to the researchers？(no more than 10 words)Because Internet use reduces time available for family and friends.4According to Christine Riley,how can we make Internet users happier？(no more than 15 words)By considering social factors in terms of how you de

45、sign applications and services for technology.31According to this passage,what was the most probable reason for elephants almost extinction in northeastern South Africa in the 19th century？(no more than 1 words)Hunting.2Why did the authorities decide to keep the elephants populations between 6,000 t

46、o 8,000？(no more than 10 words)Because its considered to be the parks “carrying capacity”3What department is in charge of Kruger National Park？(no more than 4 words)South African National Parks.4What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to？(no more than 3 words)The genetic cod

47、e.閱讀簡(jiǎn)答綜合練(二)11Why are new findings against some of the sillier things about the possible influence of migrants on a countrys overall achievements? (no more than 9 words)Because they prove the migrants did badly in PISA.2What is the policymakers explanation? (no more than 9 words)They get too many mi

48、grants or get wrong migrants.3In most host countries,who are the most motivated students? (no more than 5 words)The firstgeneration immigrant students.4What does the example of Germany tell us? (no more than 10 words)The new immigrants may give up their ambitions and dreams/hope.21What does a man us

49、ually do when he is buying clothes？(no more than 15 words)He does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things.2What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes？(no more than 6 words)They welcome suggestions from anyone.3What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants？(no more than 6 words)He usually does not buy anything.4What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers？(no more than 8 words)The tim