chapter 3商務(wù)函電翻譯

1、Chapter 3 * Section 3Business Correspondences 1Youll learn：1. 了解商務(wù)信函的構(gòu)成要素。2. 認知商務(wù)信函的語言特點及翻譯技巧。3. 熟知商務(wù)英語的特點及翻譯原則。Then you can：1. 借助相關(guān)知識進行商務(wù)信函的互譯。2. 根據(jù)相關(guān)要求撰寫中英文商務(wù)信函。 Business Correspondences 返回21.商業(yè)函電(business correspondence)Business correspondence is the letter which is used for delivering informatio

2、n and handle business affairs，contacting with each other in daily communication. The often-used business correspondence mainly include negotiation letter, inquiry letter, counter offer, request letter， inform letter and contact letter. 商務(wù)函電是指在日常的商務(wù)往來中用以傳遞信息、處理商務(wù)事宜以及聯(lián)絡(luò)和溝通關(guān)系的信函、電訊文書。常用的商務(wù)信函主要有商洽函、詢問函、

3、答復(fù)函、請求函、告知函和聯(lián)系函等。3商業(yè)函電涉及商務(wù)活動的各個環(huán)節(jié)，貫穿商務(wù)活動的始終，內(nèi)容廣泛。通常包括：establish business relationship 建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系enquiry 詢盤offer 發(fā)盤counter-offer 還盤Acceptance 受盤placing order 落盤、下單insurance 保險shipment 裝運claim 索賠詢盤（enquiry）也叫詢價，是指交易的一方準備購買或出售某種商品，向?qū)Ψ皆儐栙I賣該商品的有關(guān)交易條件。發(fā)盤也稱報盤、發(fā)價、報價。法律上稱之為“要約”。發(fā)盤可以是應(yīng)對方詢盤的要求發(fā)出 受盤人不同意發(fā)盤中的交易條件而提出修

4、改或變更的意見， 稱為還盤。還盤實際上是受盤人以發(fā)盤人的地位發(fā)出的一個新盤。原發(fā)盤人成為新盤的受盤人。 41.信頭 The heading2.編號（寫信人的名字縮寫）和日期 reference （The sender name） and the date 3、封內(nèi)地址 The inside address4、事由 The subject heading5、稱呼 The salutation6、開頭語 The open sentences7、正文 The body of the letter 8、結(jié)束語The close sentences 9、結(jié)尾敬語 The complimentary cl

5、ose10、簽名 The signature 5 1、收信人的郵箱 2、發(fā)信人的郵箱 3、寫信日期 4、時間 5、主題 6、稱呼 7、正文 8、結(jié)尾敬語 9、簽名 10、聯(lián)系方法6縮寫名、附件及分送標志部分 (IEC: initials, enclosures and carbon copies block如果一封信的副本還同時發(fā)給第三方，要寫入抄送標志，如：明抄：cc Marketing Department；暗抄：bcc Mr. Simpson。 附言 (postscript) 7 2 商業(yè)函電語篇風(fēng)格的特點，也稱7C原則Completeness (完整)Conciseness (簡潔)C

6、oncreteness (具體)Correctness (正確)Clarity (清晰)Consideration (體諒)Courtesy (禮貌)821 完整 (completeness) “Cellulose Tape 1/2”x 3yds,（yd: yard碼） with plastic dispenser 700 doz./ ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds,1,000doz.” 這是出口商接到的一份定單中有關(guān)商品品名，規(guī)格和數(shù)量的內(nèi)容。中文意思是： “纖素帶（幅）寬半英寸，長碼，帶塑料包裝容器0打； 同上，但（幅）寬寬半英寸，長碼，打。” 9 問題是： 后半句不清楚。

7、“ditto”在這里表示前面提到的商品名稱纖維素帶，但不能包括“帶塑料包裝容器”，因此，幅寬半英寸長碼的纖維素帶是否有塑料包裝容器沒有說清楚，不完整。所以最好改成： Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2 x 5yds，with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.“ 這樣既完整，又清楚明確，不引起誤解。1022 簡潔 (conciseness) 怎樣才能使商業(yè)書信“簡潔”？避免嘮叨長話短說注意每句句子的長短11（一）e.g. 1： Wordy: We wish

8、to acknowledge receipt of your letter of November 14 with the check for Stg.10 enclosed and wish to thank you for sameConcise: We appreciate your letter of November 14 and the check for Stg. 10 you sent with it. 避免嘮叨12e.g., 2 ： Wordy: We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would b

9、e kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities. Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city? Concise: Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city. 13 （二） 長話短說e.g., Please see that an enquiry is conducted

10、 to determine the reason. Please find out the reason. We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion. We are sorry we cannot meet your present order. 14 要使用簡潔的語言，有可能的話， 盡量使用單詞來代替某些矯揉做作的短語。 刪去不必要的形容詞，如下列句子中的形容詞或副詞刪去后并不影響句子的原意： The proposal is under (active) consideration

11、. The answer is (definitely) correct. I would (rather) think the fare is too high. The (true) facts are as stated .15（三） 注意句子的長短 e.g., “We would like to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us

12、 your reply by cable without delay.” 這句話過分“客氣”，使句子過長而不清楚。內(nèi)容要求對方同意延期交貨20天，一般情況下，應(yīng)盡可能提出延期到那一天的具體日期。 Please reply by telegram immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment until Jan. 5.16 23 具體 (concreteness) 24 正確 (correctness)商業(yè)書信必須寫得正確，因為它涉及到買賣雙方的權(quán)利，義務(wù)，厲害關(guān)系，是各種商業(yè)單據(jù)（如合同）的根據(jù)。 廣義的說，商業(yè)書信的正確性表現(xiàn)在

13、：（一） 運用正確的語言水平 （二） 敘述得正確 （三） 數(shù)字要正確 （四） 正確理解和運用商業(yè)術(shù)語 17（一） 運用正確的語言水平（二 ）敘述得正確敘述得正確： 商業(yè)書信的內(nèi)容要敘述得正確，既不要說得不夠(Understatement)，更不要說得過頭(Overstatement)。 e.g. 1 This stove is absolutely the best (or: the very best) on the market. (這種爐子是市場上絕對最好的爐子。) 這句話是用來介紹商品的，但沒有具體介紹商品的性能，而是抽象地斷定這種爐子是“市場上最好的”。這樣介紹商品，不但不能達到推銷

14、的目的，反而使人對寫信人有“賣狗皮膏藥”的感覺。 18改寫 Our model A195 is designed on modern lines, without any increase in fuel consumption, 25% more heat than the older models. So you will agree that it is the outstanding stove for economy of fuel. (我們的型爐子是按近代樣式設(shè)計的，在不增加燃料消耗的情況下，比其他各種舊式爐子溫度高。所以，你會同意，這是優(yōu)良的節(jié)約燃料的爐子。) 19（三） 數(shù)字要

15、正確$2 or (and) above (over) 60dozen or (and) up (upward, upwards)2% or (and) more an order for 50 gross or upwardan order for not less than 50 gross5% up to 10% inclusive over 5% up to 10% inclusive二美元和二美元以上60打和60打以上2%和2%以上50羅或50羅以上的定單不少于50羅的定單5%到10%5%以上到10% 做對外貿(mào)易離不開數(shù)字。對商業(yè)書信中的數(shù)字的正確性要特別加以注意，有時“失之毫厘，差之

16、千里”。甚至引起不同的理解。（a）“以上”，“以下”，“以前”，“以后”，“從到”等的表達法20（三） 數(shù)字要正確 （b）from and including today (this date)從今日起（包括今日）on and from Nov. 10; 從11月10日起on and after Nov.10; （包括11月10日）as from Nov.10 從毀約之日起as from the date of the breach（包括毀約之日）up to $40 inclusive; 到40美元up to the maximum of $40（包括40美元）止up to and inclu

17、ding Nov.20 到11月20日止（包括11月20日）as from the 1st to the 15th of March inclusive;從3月1日到15日from the 1st to 15th of March both inclusive（包括1日和15日）during the period beginning on 從3月1日起到3月30日止March 1 and ending on March 30, 這一期間（包括頭尾兩天）both dates inclusive.21（四） 正確理解和運用商業(yè)術(shù)語理解和運用商業(yè)術(shù)語 ：一般常用的商業(yè)用語用字簡潔，意義明確，使用得好

18、，工作進行得順利，使用得不好，就會引起混亂，誤解，甚至產(chǎn)生不必要的糾紛.如：You ask very short delivery for your order.寫信的人原意是說“你們要求趕快交你們的定貨。”You require quick (prompt) delivery of your order. 短交2225 清晰 (clarity)（一）避免使用可能產(chǎn)生不同理解或意義不明確的詞 e.g., As to the steamers sailing from HongKong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services. (從

19、香港到舊金山有直達船，) 但是bimonthly 究竟是一個月兩次即半月一次呢，還是兩個月一次？不明確。 因此，最好清楚明白說明一個月兩次還是兩個月一次” 23（a） We have two direct sailings every month from HongKong to San Francisco. （每月兩次直達船） （b） We have semimonthly direct sailing from HongKong to San Francisco. （每半月一次直達船） （c） We have a direct sailing from HongKong to San Fr

20、ancisco every two months. （每兩個月一次直達船） 24 （二）注意修飾詞的位置，有時修飾詞的位置不同，會導(dǎo)致不同的含意如：a) Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible; b) Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter. 25（三） 注意代名詞，關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的關(guān)系 按照英語習(xí)慣，句子中的代名詞和關(guān)系代詞一般是指離得最近的名詞，因此要

21、特別注意，以免引起誤解或不清楚。 e.g., They informed Messrs. John & Smith that they would receive an answer in a few days. They informed Messrs. John & Smith that latter would receive an answer in a few days. 26(四)注意前后一致和緊湊，連貫 Being a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us. Being a certified public

22、accountant, you can surely help us. Or：As you are a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.2726 體諒 (consideration)e.g.: Your approval and instruction to the Maintenance office to do the repairs will be highly appreciated. 敬請惠準，撥交維修部門進行修理。 （以陳述句和“您為重”your attitude的視角表示請求）2827 禮貌 (cour

23、tesy)COURTESY譯成“禮貌”。但是根據(jù)西方國家函電書籍作者普遍的看法，所謂COURTESY是“客氣而又體諒人”的意思。這樣的形式很多，現(xiàn)在提供一些常見的供參考：（一） 把命令變成請求的常用形式： Please, Will you., Will you please.,如： a) Will you give us more detailed information on your requirement? b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points? 29（二） 虛擬式（Past Subjun

24、ctive From）如： a) Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms? b) We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel. c) We wish you would let us have your reply soon. d) This would seem to confirm our opinion. e) We should be grateful if you would help us with your sugge

25、stion. f) We might be of some service to you in a similar case. 也可用 will, shall, may, 但是用Past Subjunctive Form則表示更客氣和婉轉(zhuǎn)些。 30（三） 緩和用法（Mitigation） 為了緩和過分強調(diào)或刺激對方，常用: We are afraid, we would say, we may (or, might) say, we (would) think, it seems (or would seem) to us, we (would) suggest, as you are (or

26、: may be) aware, as we need hardly point out等等表達法來緩和語氣，如：a) It was unwise of you to have done that. We would say that it was unwise of you to have done that.b) You ought to have done it. It seems to us that you ought to have done it. c) We cannot comply with your request. We are afraid we cannot com

27、ply with your request. d) Our products are the very best on the market. We might say that our products are the very best on the market.31商務(wù)函電的類型1 Letter 信函2 Telex電傳 3 Fax傳真4 E-mail電子郵件 電郵32商務(wù)信函的格式商務(wù)信函兩種格式 (Format)：1 Full block form (Block style) 完全齊頭式2 Modified block form with indented paragraphs (I

28、ndented style) 縮進式33 介紹信 Letter of Introduction Dear Mr. / Ms., This is to introduce Mr. Frank Jones, our new marketing specialist who will be in London from April 5 to mid April on business. We shall appreciate any help you can give Mr. Jones and will always be happy to reciprocate. Yours faithfull

29、y, 尊敬的先生/小姐， 現(xiàn)向您推薦我們的市場專家弗蘭克瓊斯先生。他將因公務(wù)在4月5日到4月中旬期間停留倫敦。 我們將非常感謝您向瓊斯先生提供任何幫助，并非常高興施以回報。 您誠摯的 34通知預(yù)約應(yīng)聘者前來面試的郵件 Dear Mr. / Ms, Mr. Jack Baron, our personnel director, has asked me to acknowledge your application for the post of accountant and to ask you to come to see him on Friday afternoon, 5th July,

30、 at half past two. I will appreciate your letting me know whether you will be able to come. Yours faithfully, 尊敬的先生/小姐， 杰克巴倫先生，我們的人事主任，讓我向你申請會計職位表示感謝，并請你于7月5日星期五的下午兩點半來見他。 是否能來，請告知，多謝。 您誠摯的 35詢盤函范例Dear Mr. We learn from your Embassy that you are manufacturing and exporting a variety of textile machi

31、nes. As there is a demand here for high-quality knitting machines, we will appreciate your sending us a copy of your illustrated catalogue, with details of your prices and terms of payment. It would be most helpful if you could also supply information concerning the types of fabric to be processed a

32、nd the type of yarn. 36詢盤函范例尊敬的先生： 我公司從貴國大使館得知，貴公司生產(chǎn)并出口各種紡織機。由于我們對高級針織機有所需求，希望能寄來一份帶有插圖的商品目錄，并附帶列明詳細價格和支付條件。 同時，請告知所加工紡織品類型和所用棉紗種類的有關(guān)信息，我們將感激不盡。37詢盤函詞匯Price list Terms and conditionsRuling priceIllustrated catalogueCommission 價格表 價目表 條款 條件 時價 市價 插圖目錄表 附圖片的目錄 傭金 38詢盤函詞匯SampleShipment DeliveryTerms of

33、 paymentCash payment樣品 試樣發(fā)貨 裝船；裝運的貨物交貨 發(fā)貨支付條件現(xiàn)金付款39詢盤函句型1 祈使句A. Please let us have a list of items that are imported by you. (產(chǎn)品，商品)B. 請告知以現(xiàn)金支付的優(yōu)惠條款和折扣比例。(cash; best terms; discount)40詢盤函句型1 使用祈使句A. 請將貴公司的進口商品目錄寄來為荷。（荷：信函中表示“感謝”）B1. Please state your best terms and discount for cash payment.（陳述 說明）B

34、2. Please let us know your best terms and discount for cash.41詢盤函句型2 禮貌性請求句A. Would you please send us some samples with the quotations? (樣品；報價單)B. 敬請惠寄商品的現(xiàn)行價格表。(current; price list)42詢盤函句型2 使用禮貌性請求句A. 敬請惠寄報價單與樣品可否？B1. Will you please let us have a ruling price list of the goods?B2. Would you please

35、 send us a list of up-to-date/current prices for the goods? (最近的 最新的)43詢盤函句子翻譯練習(xí)1 Please send us your catalogue and price list of .2 I would appreciate your sending me an up-to-date price list for your .3 Would you please quote us your lowest price for .1 請惠寄你方的商品目錄和價格表。2 如蒙貴方寄來的現(xiàn)行價格表，將不勝感激。3 貴方能否將的

36、最低價格報給我方？44詢盤函句子翻譯練習(xí)4 Could you send us your latest catalogue and price list?5 We look forward to hearing from you soon.6 We hope to hear from you soon.4 貴方能否寄來最新的商品目錄和價目表？5 我們盼望能盡早得到答復(fù)。6 我們希望能盡早收到您的回復(fù)。45報盤函范例Dear Mr. Thank you for your enquiry of February 23. We can assure you that we are able to produce articles of identical type and quality. Based on your requirement, we are making you the following offer: Mens sports shoes 100 pairs 15.50 pr. We look forward to receiving your order. Yours sincerely