高考英語(yǔ)單選題常見(jiàn)失誤分析匯總和應(yīng)試對(duì)策

1、高考英語(yǔ)單選題常見(jiàn)失誤分析匯總和應(yīng)試對(duì)策 (1)We should stop pollution_ longer. A. from living B. to live C. living D will live （2）Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit ChongqingAwhere B. that C. why D. whenBDWe should stop pollution _(harm) usharmingPeter was so excited_ he jumped up.t

2、hat 2.I spent the whole afternoon _myself in the study. A. to lock B. lock C. locking D. locked 1. His mother did all she could _him to get through the college. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 第一題的意思為他媽媽盡她所能去幫助他上完大學(xué)。本題中中學(xué)生會(huì)受到could的影響而理所當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為后接動(dòng)詞原形而誤選B。本題中she could是定語(yǔ)從句，其后省略了do，help是目的狀語(yǔ)，所以用不

3、定式。第二題的意思為我把自己鎖在書(shū)房度過(guò)了一下午。本題學(xué)生會(huì)受到spenddoing結(jié)構(gòu)的影響而誤選C。其實(shí)本題中l(wèi)ocked myself in the study是伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而不是作spent的賓語(yǔ)，故選D。受思維定勢(shì)的干擾對(duì)于此類(lèi)題的填空題在題干的設(shè)計(jì)上往往把詞匯、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)放在一個(gè)特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中來(lái)考查，從而加大了考查語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的難度。因此，答題時(shí)不要孤立地看某一短語(yǔ)，要通過(guò)上下文所給的信息進(jìn)行分析，弄清整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，推斷某一習(xí)慣用法、固定短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。如： 【對(duì)策】例如： The days are gone _ physical strength was all you n

4、eeded to make a living.（2011天津） A. when B. that C. where D. whichThe day I had looked forward to _at last. A. came B. come C. coming D. to come 本題中不要孤立地看到look forward to這個(gè)短語(yǔ)而誤選C。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本題缺少的是謂語(yǔ)，故選A。A1)Mr .Wang made up his mind to devote all he could _his oral English before going abroad。A. improve

5、B. to improve C. improving D. to improving2)You can imagine what great difficulty I have _your house.A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding3).Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. having learnedBCD-It Is getting late. Im afraid that I must go

6、 now-OK._(2011北京）Take it easy . B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you .D二受母語(yǔ)的干擾英漢兩種語(yǔ)言有許多共同之處，但也有更多的不同之處。由于母語(yǔ)在大腦中根深蒂固，所以常常會(huì)對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者大腦中尚不牢固的外語(yǔ)知識(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，干擾學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)正確、地道的外語(yǔ)。 -I apologize for not being able to join you for dinner -_, well get together later.(2011)A. Go ahead B. Not to worry C. Thats right D.

7、Dont mention it答案B. 選擇項(xiàng)D 符合漢語(yǔ)的回答習(xí)慣“別提了”。一般用于別人道謝時(shí)候的回答，翻譯成“不客氣”句意：沒(méi)有能和你一起吃飯深表歉意。 不必?fù)?dān)心，我們以后還有機(jī)會(huì)一起吃。-Where is your ticket? -Oh, my God! I _it at the office. A. had B. forgot C. left D. lost 【對(duì)策】 不同的國(guó)家有著不同的文化和不同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要多積累和掌握不同的國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言和文化，尤其是說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家的文化和習(xí)慣。本題會(huì)受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響而誤選B，而英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用leave，落下，忘帶。1. I think he

8、 is _ to win, but Im not sure.possible B. likely C. impossible D. certain2. -Congratulations on your daughters passing the college entrance examinations! She is really smart! -_. A. No, no, she is nothing B. Oh, thanks C. Youre right D. Dont say so【分析】第一題的意思為我想他可能獲勝，但我不能確定。如果只從漢語(yǔ)意思的角度來(lái)考慮這道題，很容易誤選A/C

9、，表示可能，但從英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上看，A和C也不能選，它們的主語(yǔ)一般是事物或形式主語(yǔ)it而不是人；此題最佳答案為B，其主語(yǔ)可以是人也可以是物或形式主語(yǔ)it。 第二題是交際用語(yǔ)，按照中國(guó)人的思維習(xí)慣別人在贊揚(yáng)自己時(shí)總喜歡謙虛，學(xué)生會(huì)受其影響而誤選A；但根據(jù)西方習(xí)慣可知?jiǎng)e人贊揚(yáng)你時(shí)應(yīng)表對(duì)別人的好意示感激，故選B。【例題】答案 D 注意：在do you think/believe/suppose/imagine 與特殊疑問(wèn)詞連用時(shí)， 習(xí)慣把他們放在特殊疑問(wèn)詞的后面， 句子語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序。1.-Where do you think _he _the computer?-Sorry, I have no ide

10、a.had ; bought B. has ; bought C. did; buy D./; bought命題者為了加大試題難度有時(shí)會(huì)在題干中有意設(shè)計(jì)一些無(wú)效的附加信息，使題干復(fù)雜化，從而給我們的理解帶來(lái)困難。三：受插入成分或多余信息的干擾此題易錯(cuò)選A、C. 選A形成a lot of搭配；選C形成much more time much修飾比較級(jí)。但我們通過(guò)分析題干，去掉插入語(yǔ)I think，該句可簡(jiǎn)化為：He has spent a lot _ time in reading than she has. a lot相當(dāng)于 much起修飾作用，而不必再用much，從而得出正確答案為B.【對(duì)策】

11、對(duì)于此類(lèi)題應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)變?nèi)唛L(zhǎng)題干為簡(jiǎn)單題干。一般說(shuō)來(lái)兩個(gè)逗號(hào)中間的成分往往是插入成分，解題時(shí)可以把這些無(wú)效信息大膽舍去，這樣就能抓住試題主干，脈絡(luò)清晰，順利解題。如：He has spent I think a lot _ time in reading than she has.(2011) A. of B. more C. much more D. of much more【分析】第一題的意思為吉姆踢足球即使不比邁克強(qiáng)也和他一樣好。可能會(huì)受到if not better than這個(gè)插入語(yǔ)的影響而誤選A。二本句話(huà)只要把插入語(yǔ)去掉答案就明顯了。第二題的意思為他告訴我這個(gè)消息，信不信由你，他一天就賺了

12、1000美元。學(xué)生會(huì)受到插入語(yǔ)believe it or not的影響而不知其后的句子與名詞news之間的關(guān)系是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容的，是同位語(yǔ)從句而不是定語(yǔ)從句。1. Jim plays football_, if not better than, Mike.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as2. He told me the news _, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. that B. which C. as D. because1） The f

13、act that so many people still smoke in public places _that we may need nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.(2011江蘇） A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting2）Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.（2011重慶） A. in B. for C. by

14、 D. fromBD四：受特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)的干擾 同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)最熟悉的句型是陳述句的句型，對(duì)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)就不是很熟悉了，命題人就抓住這個(gè)弱點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行命題。1.Is this school _you visited last year A. the one B. that C. where D. the one where【分析】 第一題的意思為這個(gè)學(xué)校就是去年你參觀(guān)過(guò)的嗎？本句話(huà)是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，如果不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)而誤認(rèn)為先行詞為this school并且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)就會(huì)誤選B。如果把它還原就可知道本句話(huà)的正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)門(mén)his school is _you visited last

15、 year.由此可知答案為A。 3.Rather than _on a crowded bus, he always prefers _a bicycle. A. to ride; to ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding C 第三題是個(gè)倒裝句，還原成正常語(yǔ)序則為He always prefers _a bicycle rather than _on a crowded bus.此時(shí)很明顯本題是考查prefer to so sth. rather than do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。2. Whom would you r

16、ather _with you this time? A. have gone B. have go C. have to go D. had goneB 第二題的意思為這次你愿意讓誰(shuí)和你一起去呢？本句也是疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序，如果不仔細(xì)分析會(huì)認(rèn)為have是主動(dòng)而選A的。二本句話(huà)還原成陳述句則為You would rather have whom go with you this time. have在本句中是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，意思為使，讓。這句話(huà)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如果只注意到consider，而想到consider doing時(shí)就容易選成D。但只要我們把這個(gè)被動(dòng)變成主動(dòng)People generally consid

17、er Charles Babbage _the first computer.就很容易得出答案C了?！緦?duì)策】在解答那些題干為感嘆句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等打亂了正常語(yǔ)序的單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí)，我們可以將其還原為正常語(yǔ)序或主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后再作選擇的方法。因此做這類(lèi)題時(shí)，采用還原法才能使我們?cè)诮忸}過(guò)程中，保持清醒的頭腦，挖掘出題目的核心，考點(diǎn)，快速找到正確答案。Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

18、 還原法 突破對(duì)策1：疑問(wèn)句還原為陳述句Who would you rather have _with youA. go B. to go C. gone D. going A突破對(duì)策2：被動(dòng)句還原為主動(dòng)Ways must be thought of _the balance of nature.A. keep B. keeping C. to keep D. being kept 還原法 C突破對(duì)策3：感嘆句還原為陳述句 What great difficulty we had _her.A. persuade B. to persuadeC. persuading D. persuaded

19、還原法 C突破對(duì)策4：強(qiáng)調(diào)句還原為一般句 It was _ the old bike that the old man spent the whole evening at home.A. repairing B. to repair C. repair D. repaired還原法 A突破對(duì)策5：倒裝句還原為正常句：To all of us _the honor for success.A. belong to B. belongs toC. belongs D. belong 還原法 C突破對(duì)策6：復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句Is this the bike you wish to_A .have r

20、epaired it B. have it repairedC .have repaired D. repair it 還原法 C五：忽視標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用 在有些英語(yǔ)單選題中，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)對(duì)解題起著關(guān)鍵的作用，如果不注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或不明白某些常見(jiàn)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用，很容易選錯(cuò)。 1._, we had to walk home last night. A. There is no bus B. There was no bus C. There being no bus D. Being no bus 2.I have never seen anyone run so fast-_David go. A.

21、 just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 第一題選C. 應(yīng)注意到空后是逗號(hào)，而且題干和選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有連詞，這就說(shuō)明空白出不能選謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。許多同學(xué)不注意逗號(hào)及其作用而誤選B。第二題選A. 題干中有一破折號(hào)表明其后成分與其前成分一樣都是一個(gè)句子，故正確答案為A。如果不明白破折號(hào)的作用就會(huì)誤選其它。選A本句話(huà)中兩個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)很重要，一個(gè)是Mary后的逗號(hào)，這說(shuō)明Mary在本句中是稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)，而非形式上的主語(yǔ)；另一個(gè)是分號(hào)，這說(shuō)明分號(hào)前后兩個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)一致，根據(jù)stay就可知案就很明顯是A而不是B或其他

22、了?！緦?duì)策】 同學(xué)們要明白大多數(shù)單選題的題干較短，所以標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在解題過(guò)程中起著非常重要（有時(shí)是決定性）的作用，用什么樣的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或用不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)答案往往完全不一樣的，因此一定要掌握一些常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的基本作用。如：Mary, _here-everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. comingIf an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _ means many more people in the world can enjoy it

23、. (2011)A. as B. which C. what D. that 點(diǎn)撥：因?yàn)榍熬湟呀?jīng)有連詞if，所以選答案D，that指前句所述內(nèi)容。若沒(méi)有if，就選B，which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 . Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.(2011)A. who B. which C. what D. thatB六：忽視題干中空前后剩余信息的提示作用 有些試題中正確答案的選擇需要根據(jù)空后信息的提示才能得出，如果學(xué)生只看空前的信息就理所

24、當(dāng)然的得出一個(gè)答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的?！纠}】1.I had to buy _these books because I didnt know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 【分析】第一題選D 意思為因?yàn)槲也恢滥囊粋€(gè)是最好的因此我得把所有的書(shū)都買(mǎi)下來(lái)。本題中如果學(xué)生不注意最后的the best，就會(huì)輕易的選擇了A，而the best提示表明這是三本或三本以上的書(shū)，故答案為D。 2. -Which one can I take? -You can take _of them; Ill keep none.A. bo

25、th B. any C. neither D. all 第二題選D 如果不注意最后一個(gè)詞none提示表示這是三者或者三者以上時(shí)，就容易誤選A。本題只要注意到題干最后的by car就很容易選出答案A了。【對(duì)策】對(duì)于許多單選題，我們要前后照應(yīng)，全面考慮，切忌只看前一半或后一半，尤其是不能忽視題干中沒(méi)有設(shè)空的部分。如：-Do you remember _he came?-Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if1. That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole wee

26、k to get there.（2011北京）takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking3 Bob has gone to California. Oh, can you tell me when he ? （2011北京） A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave2.I dont really like Janes . Why did you invite him Dont worry. He come. He said he wast certain what his plans were.(20

27、11北京） A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might notCDB1. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)。 【分析】答案是 B。比較下面一題： 2. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（08 福建） A.

28、It B. As C. That D. What七：忽視題干中的省略成分英語(yǔ)中為了使句子簡(jiǎn)單，有些成分如主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)從句的主語(yǔ)常被省略，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句中的that以及定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常被省略，以及不定式符號(hào)to后的成分在前已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)時(shí)也常省略。所以這有時(shí)也成為命題人用來(lái)迷惑同學(xué)們的一種手段。在一些結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜的題中如果不注意被省略的成分，往往會(huì)誤選答案?！纠}】 1. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A. it B. it repa

29、ired C. repaired D. to be repaired2. His mother did all she could _him to get through the college. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 【分析】 第一題C 句意為布朗夫人很失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)她讓人修過(guò)的洗衣機(jī)又壞了。本句話(huà)中學(xué)生們?nèi)绻蛔⒁庠趍achine后其實(shí)省略了第二個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞had(使、讓)的賓語(yǔ)that/which的話(huà)，很容易選成B。第二題A 如果不注意在could后省略了do就容易選成B。D,本題我們可以根據(jù)句意來(lái)將題干補(bǔ)充完整：Though they

30、 have been told many time, they cant understand the rules.根據(jù)這個(gè)完整的句子我們很容易就得出正確答案為D而不是A或C?！緦?duì)策】 許多同學(xué)只熟悉完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)而不了解省略結(jié)構(gòu)從而導(dǎo)致誤選答案。為此我們可運(yùn)用分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的方法，補(bǔ)全句子，從而變成我們熟悉的句子，這樣就能破解難點(diǎn)，尋求正確答案。如：Though _many times, they cant understand the rules. (2010) A. told B. being told C. having told D. having been told _ such h

31、eavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(2011)A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered-Who should be responsible for the accident?- The boss, not the workers. They just carried the order_. A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they toldAA八：誤將特殊情況一

32、般化每個(gè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中都有其一般的規(guī)則，這些規(guī)則大多數(shù)情況是通用的，但同時(shí)幾乎每個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目中總有一兩種特殊情況，如果不把一般情況和特殊情況結(jié)合起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)就容易發(fā)生誤選答案的情況。 【例題】His father wanted him to become _businessman when he grew up but he turned _teacher later. A. a; a B. a; the C./; / D. a; /D 題的意思為他父親想讓他長(zhǎng)大后成為一名商人而他后來(lái)卻成為了一名老師。如果只知道單數(shù)名詞不可單獨(dú)使用而不注意turn這個(gè)詞表示“變成”時(shí)的特殊用法的話(huà)就容易誤選A。2. A

33、fter seeing this _film, his eyes were filled with the _tears. A. moving; moving B. moving; moved C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 3. -Do you have _money on you? I want to buy a pen. -Sorry. If I have _money, I will buy one, too. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some【分析】B.第二題的意思為在看過(guò)這部令人

34、感動(dòng)的電影后，他的眼里充滿(mǎn)了感動(dòng)的淚水。如果只知道在修飾物表示時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在分詞，修飾人時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞的話(huà)，就會(huì)誤選A。 C. 第三題的意思為你身上有錢(qián)嗎？我想買(mǎi)支鋼筆。-對(duì)不起。我要是有的話(huà)我也要買(mǎi)一支。如果只知道any用在疑問(wèn)句、否定句，some用在肯定句的話(huà)，就容易誤選D。在表示希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答或表示給予建議時(shí)習(xí)慣上要用some代替any；同時(shí)在條件句中要用any代替some，因此答案為C。A. 如果只知道suggest后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用(should) do時(shí)就會(huì)誤選答案B或C的。而本題中suggested的意思并不是建議而是暗示、表明，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此答案為A

35、?！緦?duì)策】 對(duì)于此類(lèi)題我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)就要養(yǎng)成多總結(jié)的習(xí)慣，把每個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)或語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目中的特殊情況歸納出來(lái)，經(jīng)常練習(xí)，這樣才能熟練準(zhǔn)確的掌握各個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。如： His pale face suggested that he _ill. A. was B. be C. should be D. is3. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. thatB. who C. as D. whom【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，便認(rèn)為這是考查such that 句式?！痉治觥看鸢笧镃，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch that

36、（如此以至）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 that ，動(dòng)詞like 缺賓語(yǔ)。所以用as 作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾其前的名詞boy，同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語(yǔ). （1） He brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.(09全國(guó)) A. them B. who C. whomD. these（2） He brought with her three friends, and none of _ I had ever

37、 met before. A. themB. who C. whomD. these 比較下面兩題：Challenge yourself !4. Was it on a lonely island_ he was saved one month after the boat went famous ?A. where B. that C. which D. what1. You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect(2011)A. run out B. break out C. work out D. put ou

38、t2. Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you.(2011)A. still B. or C. and D. but 3. He decided that he would drive all the way home instead for of _at a hotel for night .(2011)A putting down B putting off C putting on D putting up5.The police still have I found the lost child, but theyre doing what they _ .四川A. can B. may C. must D. shouldCCADA6. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer7. Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.A. neither