人教版(新教材)高中英語選修3Unit 3　Environmental Protection學(xué)案2：Grammar

1、Unit 3 Environmental ProtectionGrammar一、定義直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語；用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫間接引語。直接引語通常都用引號括起來，間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個從句。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句中的 等一般均要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語和間接引語的比擬引語概念例句直接引語直接引述別人的原話He said, I am a good boy.他說：“我是一個好男孩J間接引語用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話He said he was a good boy.他說他是一個好男孩。二、直接引語變間接引語.時態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞said,

2、asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài), 即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推：直接引語變間接引語的時態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時/過去完成時過去完成時e.g. I dont know that J he said =He said that he didnt know that.注：直接引語屬以下情況時，時態(tài)不作變化：直接引語屬真理或客觀事實時：The teacher said to us, “Light runs much faster than sound.The teacher told us light runs

3、much faster than sound.經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：He said to the doctor, I smoke two packs every day.”一 He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.歷史事件：The teacher said, World War II ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.局部情態(tài)動詞，如 must, ought to, used to, had better 等：She said to me,

4、You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等要根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱不更新。一隨主：直接引語中第一人稱變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。二隨賓：直接引語中第二人稱變?yōu)楹烷g接賓語（即聽話人）相一致的人稱。第三人稱不更新：直接引語中第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接賓語時，人稱不變。e.g. “I dont know that J he said.=He said that he didnt know that.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化。指示代詞thisthatthesethose時

5、間狀語nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next(followring)daylast month(week)the month(week)beforenext month(week)the next month(week)the day before yesterdaytwo days before地點狀語herethere動詞comegobringtake.語序變化直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。一般疑問句一由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從

6、句，其主句謂語動詞常用ask, wonder, want to know 等。Eg. Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework?”Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.選擇疑問句由whetheror引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Eg. ”Are you going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays? she asked.She asked me whether I was goine to Beijing or Shanghai for

7、 the holidays.反意疑問句一由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Eg. “You dont like rock music, do you?” he said.He asked me whether/if I liked rock music.特殊疑問句一由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Eg. “How many sleeping pills have you taken?” asked the nurse.The nurse asked me how many sleeping pills I had taken.表示請求、勸告、建議等意義的疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語：suggest + doing 或 ask/advise + 賓語+動詞不定式。Eg. What about starting early tomorrow morning? Jack said.Jack suggested starting early tomorrow morning.祈使句動詞+賓語+不定式。常見引述動詞有tell, order, ask, warn。如果祈使句為否認(rèn)式，那么在