醫(yī)學(xué)英語翻譯與寫作：Lecture 7 Translation of Passive Voice Sentences

1、Lecture 7Translation of Passive Voice SentencesTranslation of Passive Voice SentencesBe translated into Chinese Active SentencesBe translated into Chinese Passive SentencesTranslation of Idiomatic passive SentencesTranslation of Some Other StructuresBe translated into Chinese Active Sentences譯成漢語的主動(dòng)

2、句1.如果被動(dòng)句的主語為無生命的事物，施動(dòng)者不明了， 這時(shí)就適合直接翻譯為漢語的主動(dòng)句。e.g. Vitamin K is not absorbed from the upper intestine. 維生素K不是從小腸上端吸收的。 ( 小腸上段不吸收維生素K。) Specific immunity may be inherited to a certain degree. Insomnia is charaterized by various sleep disorders at night.2. 原文提出了施動(dòng)者（在by之后），可將施動(dòng)者作主 語，譯成主動(dòng)句。e.g. Heat is co

3、nstantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity. 由于肌肉和細(xì)胞的活動(dòng)，機(jī)體不斷地產(chǎn)生熱量。 Not only bacteria but practically any foreign material is attacked by the phagocytes. 吞噬細(xì)胞不僅攻擊細(xì)菌，實(shí)際上攻擊任何異物。Be translated into Chinese Active SentencesBe translated into Chinese Active Sentences3. 采用無主句

4、，將被動(dòng)句的主語作賓語，放在謂語 動(dòng)詞后面。e.g Once the clinical diagnosis has been made and the site of infection is determined, a tentative working etiological diagnosis can often be made before there has been time to report on bacterial cultures. 一旦做出了臨床診斷，確定了感染部位，那么在獲 得細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)報(bào)告之前，往往就可以作出初步的病因 診斷了。Be translated into Ch

5、inese Active Sentences In case penicillin anaphylaxis occurs，1ml of 1：1,000 epinephrine along with adequate antihistamine should be administered intravenously at once, airway should be kept open and oxygen given. 一旦出現(xiàn)青霉素過敏，就應(yīng)立即靜注1：1,000的腎上 腺素一毫升及適當(dāng)?shù)目菇M胺藥物，保持氣道通暢并輸 送氧氣。Be translated into Chinese Activ

6、e Sentences The response of the premature to certain drugs should be thoroughly understood. 應(yīng)當(dāng)充分了解早產(chǎn)兒對(duì)某些藥物的反應(yīng)。 The NPQ consists of nine five-part questions that assess the patients symptoms, from which a score is obtained. NPQ量表包含了9個(gè)問題，每個(gè)問題都分別設(shè)有5個(gè) 選項(xiàng)，以對(duì)患者的各種癥狀進(jìn)行評(píng)估，最后得出總分。4. 原文不提施動(dòng)者，但譯文需要提及。e.g. Gent

7、amicin was found to be 100 times more active in vitro at pH 8.5 than at pH 5 vs. most strains of gram-negative bacilli. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)，體外試驗(yàn)中，慶大霉素在 pH值為 8.5時(shí)對(duì)大多數(shù)革蘭氏陰性桿菌的作用比pH值 為5時(shí)大一百倍。Be translated into Chinese Active Sentences Great efforts are being made to find easily administered and reliable drugs. 人們正在作出

8、巨大的努力以發(fā)現(xiàn)易于服用而 又可靠的藥物。 Comparatively little is known of the nature of anabolic changes. 我們對(duì)合成代謝各種變化的性質(zhì)所知甚少。Be translated into Chinese Active Sentences5. 譯成使動(dòng)式主動(dòng)句( “把”、“將”、“使” 等置于原 文主語之前)e.g. A piece of fascia lata approximately 86cm, is removed from the patients thigh and cleaned of connective tissue

9、. 把一塊大小約為86cm的闊筋膜從病人 的大腿上取下來，并將結(jié)締組織清除。Be translated into Chinese Active SentencesBe translated into Chinese Passive Sentences 譯成漢語的被動(dòng)句1. 譯成“被”字結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. Uncommonly, a slow-growing carcinoma may be undetected during life and first found at necropsy after the patient has died of some other disease. 難得也有

10、生長緩慢的癌，生前可能未被察覺， 而在患者因其它疾病死亡后的尸檢中，才被 初次發(fā)現(xiàn)。2. 譯成含有“由”、“由于”、“讓”、“受”、“受到”、“用”、 “以”等結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. In the days of widespread prevalence, 60% of the adult population of the city had been infected. 在疾病廣泛流行的時(shí)期，該市的成年人曾有60% 都受到了感染。 Be translated into Chinese Passive Sentences3. 譯成“為/由1所”、“是1的”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. Bacillus is ma

11、inly made up of lipids, waxes, polysaccharides and proteins. 桿菌主要是由脂質(zhì)、蠟質(zhì)、多糖和蛋白質(zhì)組成的。Be translated into Chinese Passive Sentences4. 譯成“加以1”、“予以1”等結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. Prolapsed intervertebral disc must be differentiated from other cases of low back pain.椎間盤突出必須與其它腰痛病例加以鑒別。Be translated into Chinese Passive Sentenc

12、esTranslation of Idiomatic passive SentencesIt引起的被動(dòng)語態(tài)慣用語結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. It is estimated that the average time following arrest of the heart before death occurs is about four minutes; the average time following arrest of breathing before death occurs might be eight minutes. 據(jù)估計(jì)，從心搏停止到死亡的平均時(shí)間為4分鐘， 而從呼吸停止到死亡的時(shí)間

13、可能平均為8分鐘。Translation of Idiomatic passive Sentences It can be stated however that chilling in the absence of a primary infecting agent will not cause colds and that its role is at best a minor auxiliary one.可以說，僅有寒冷而無原發(fā)感染原時(shí)并不會(huì) 引發(fā)感冒，寒冷最多不過起了輔助作用。Translation of Some Other Structures1. 一些It或There引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)

14、合句，雖然不是被動(dòng) 語態(tài)，但翻譯方式與It引導(dǎo)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)譯法相似。e.g. There seems to be good clinical evidence that staphylococci can be pathogenic in these disorders. 臨床上似乎有足夠的證據(jù)證明葡萄球菌可能 是這些疾患的病原菌。Translation of Some Other StructuresIt is already apparent that there is a little to choose between heparin and dextran in terms of the prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism. 情況已很明顯，對(duì)預(yù)防致命性肺栓塞來說， 肝素和右旋糖酐的效力不相上下。2. have sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. All patients had their serological determinations done prior to ad