高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題-語(yǔ)法+寫作

1、第一部分句子成分下的語(yǔ)法攻略第一講 掌握8大基本句子成分，為學(xué)好語(yǔ)法奠基無論是“理解”還是“表達(dá)”，均需建立在準(zhǔn)確理解句子成分基礎(chǔ)上。一個(gè)句子若沒有 句子成分的合理架構(gòu)、有序排列，就會(huì)雜亂無章，不知所云。所以，學(xué)好語(yǔ)法，應(yīng)從正確劃 分句子成分入手。眾所周知，句子有若干個(gè)組成部分，它們分別承擔(dān)著不同的作用，組成句子的各個(gè)部分 叫作句子成分。英語(yǔ)中的句子成分分為主語(yǔ)（subject）、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、賓語(yǔ)（object）、表語(yǔ) （predicative） 定語(yǔ)（attribute）、狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）和同位語(yǔ)（appositive）八種， 它們就像

2、佛教中的八大護(hù)法金剛，各司其職，共同呵護(hù)著英語(yǔ)這個(gè)“極樂世界”。一、主語(yǔ)習(xí)慣于發(fā)號(hào)施令，偶爾也會(huì)被趕下臺(tái)在句子中，主語(yǔ)是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的主體。主語(yǔ)一般位于句子開頭，且不能省略。 但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑問句、倒裝句、祈使句、感嘆句等，句子主語(yǔ)也可以“下臺(tái)” 而位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或省略。能夠充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的主要有名詞（短語(yǔ)）、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）和從句等。（浙江 6 月高考寫作）Words can，t describe how thankful I am.（名詞作主語(yǔ)）（全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）To let China go to the world and let

3、the world understand China is my first aim.（不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）（江蘇高考書面表達(dá)）It seems to me that the traditional Chinese dress will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British students.（代詞 it 充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作 真正的主語(yǔ)）名師指津當(dāng)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為避免頭重腳輕，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)。二、謂語(yǔ)堅(jiān)決服從主語(yǔ)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，執(zhí)行命令雷厲風(fēng)行謂語(yǔ)用來描述主語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征，常位于主語(yǔ)之后

4、。謂語(yǔ)可由動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短 語(yǔ)、系表結(jié)構(gòu)以及“助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”充當(dāng)，有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的變化，同時(shí) 又受到主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的制約。判斷的依據(jù)是看主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，如果兩者之間是主動(dòng) 關(guān)系就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：.簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。（浙江 11 月高考寫作）1 took flight FL753 to London on November 2, 2018, and the moment I stepped off the plane 1 found my purse gone.（北京 高 考書面表達(dá)）Great changes ha

5、ve taken place in Tianjin in the last few years.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成；（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。（全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）Through my introduction and efforts I can strengthen the friendship between China and Britain.解析：a此處表示“我們以為那是一個(gè)玩笑”，設(shè)空后的joke為可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指 “一個(gè)玩笑”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且joke的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。（2018全國(guó)卷 II ）Com production has

6、jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.解析：the 此處表示特指，over the past 25 years意為“在過去的25年里”，故用定冠 詞 the。（2018全國(guó)卷 III ）UnexpectedIy, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.解析：the at the top of ones lungs為固定搭配，意為“用某人最大的聲音，聲嘶力

7、竭 地”。（2017浙江 11 月高考）Like many things in life, if s ongoing process, and the bestpart of the process is that there，s enough room for improvement.解析：an process為可數(shù)名詞，表示“過程”，此處為泛指，又因空格處后面有一個(gè)限 定詞ongoing,其發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞an。（2017浙江 6 月高考）For Pahlsson, its return was wonder.解析：a wonder為可數(shù)名詞，表示“奇跡，奇事”，此處為泛指

8、，故要用不定冠詞a。語(yǔ)法精析知規(guī)則（一）不定冠詞表示類指或某類中的“任何一個(gè)”。A child not only needs food and clothing, but love as well.表示泛指“某個(gè)”。當(dāng)說話人第一次提及某 人或某物時(shí)通常用不定冠詞；或由不定冠詞 構(gòu)成的名詞詞組往往帶有不確定的含義，相 當(dāng)于a certain；或?qū)Ｓ忻~前加不定冠詞，表 示具有某種特性的人或物、某一位不認(rèn)識(shí)的 人或某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間。I have a question to ask you.In a sense what you said is true. All of a sudden, she

9、burst into tears. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.表小量指。不定冠詞表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量， 但數(shù)量概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。Suddenly they heard a loud voice.表示“每”，相當(dāng)于per,用在表示價(jià)格、速 度、頻率等的短語(yǔ)中。Prices start at 13.95 a yard for printed cotton.用在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前，使之具體He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, whichmy c

10、all.She said, Never 10.did I really expect you to call me back. I gave her the good news and she started weeping again.But this time they were tears of happiness and hope.第二部分梯度進(jìn)階式的高分寫作第一章應(yīng)用文寫作及基礎(chǔ)寫作技法層級(jí)（一）欲求分散先保詞數(shù)5招教你有話可說、寫夠詞數(shù)新高考寫作有一條最基本的寫作要求詞數(shù)80左右。過少，即使表達(dá)無誤、詞句再美 也將給閱卷老師留下干癟無物、遺漏要點(diǎn)的第一不良印象（且少于60詞，還要從

11、所得分?jǐn)?shù)中 再減去2分）。詞數(shù)不夠是“硬傷”，要丟大分，而學(xué)生普遍存在的寫作實(shí)情就是不知寫什么， 搜腸刮肚也湊不夠詞數(shù)。怎樣讓學(xué)生不輸在第一印象上，本層級(jí)精設(shè)5講內(nèi)容，讓學(xué)生 欲求分?jǐn)?shù)，先保詞數(shù)。第1招 細(xì)審題目隱含不漏要點(diǎn)審題是應(yīng)用文寫作的第一步，也是關(guān)鍵一步，考生在真正開始寫作之前，必須留出時(shí)間 做審題、構(gòu)思的準(zhǔn)備工作。只有審準(zhǔn)了題，弄清了題目要求，才有可能讓寫作方向不跑偏。 另外，寫作的提綱只是給出了文章的大體框架、主要內(nèi)容，需要我們圍繞提綱開拓思路，發(fā) 揮聯(lián)想，對(duì)這些提綱進(jìn)行細(xì)化和拓展。將要點(diǎn)逐項(xiàng)列出，做好寫作前的要點(diǎn)整理工作才不至 于在寫作時(shí)東一榔頭、西一棒槌，寫了上句、忘了下句，擠

12、牙膏式東拼西湊寫作窘態(tài)的出現(xiàn)。應(yīng)用文寫作主要為書信（包括電子郵件），屬于提綱類作文或半開放式作文，開放性大， 考生寫作時(shí)常因不會(huì)合理展開想象，造成隱性要點(diǎn)遺漏。通常，閱卷老師評(píng)分時(shí)首先要做的 就是判斷文章的要點(diǎn)是否全面。一篇文章如果要點(diǎn)不全，即使語(yǔ)言使用正確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，語(yǔ) 篇連貫，也不可能得高分。寫作最基本的目的就是為了達(dá)意，所以這就要求考生在審題時(shí)要考慮到應(yīng)用文的第一個(gè) 特性就是準(zhǔn)確性：既要達(dá)意，也要涵蓋所有的信息要點(diǎn)，這才是寫作最基本的意義。下面以2019年6月浙江高考應(yīng)用文寫作為例：題目要求假定你是李華，經(jīng)常幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的朋友Alex即將返回自己的國(guó)家。請(qǐng) 給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：.

13、表示感謝；.回顧Alex對(duì)你的幫助；.臨別祝愿。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。本寫作由三部分組成：第一部分陳述寫信的目的；第二部分感謝朋友Alex給予自己的幫助；第三部分表達(dá)自己的臨別祝愿。試題的表述已經(jīng)涵蓋了寫作的三個(gè)基本信息，即文體 (what) 郵件、對(duì)象(who) Alex和目的(why)表示謝意。在以上基礎(chǔ)上，我們應(yīng)該挖掘隱含要點(diǎn)：寫信的目的是Alex即將返回自己的國(guó)家，此刻想感謝他曾經(jīng)對(duì)自己學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) 的幫助；具體敘述Alex在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面是如何幫助自己的(在他的幫助下在英語(yǔ)比賽中獲得 了第一名，遇到困難時(shí)鼓勵(lì)自己并幫助擺脫困境)；最后寫臨別祝愿，這正是基于

14、Alex即將 返回自己的國(guó)家這一背景，所以這個(gè)祝愿最好首先是祝他回家之旅一路順風(fēng)。范文展示Dear Alex,r ve just learned you，re leaving for the United States soon. At this moment, I want to express my sincere thanks to you for your help.Honestly speaking, but for your help, I wouldn，t have made such great progress in English. With your help, I wo

15、n first prize in an English speech contest. Whenever I have difficulties, you always cheer me up and help me out. Words can，t describe how thankful I am.Wish you a pleasant journey home.Yours,Li Hua專題跟蹤集訓(xùn)I .假定你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，學(xué)校將要選拔一些學(xué)生作為交換生到英國(guó)進(jìn)行為期兩 個(gè)月的學(xué)習(xí)，你非常想得到這次交流學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示給校長(zhǎng)寫一封申請(qǐng)信。 內(nèi)容包括：.父母優(yōu)勢(shì)；2.個(gè)

16、人優(yōu)勢(shì)；3.表達(dá)愿望。注意：1 .詞數(shù)80左右；.信的格式已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear Mr.President,Yours,Li Hua第一步：列要點(diǎn)，擬提綱(1)本文要求寫一封申請(qǐng)信，申請(qǐng)到英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。(2)文章開頭要做自我介紹并點(diǎn)明寫信目的。(新華中學(xué)的李華，寫信申請(qǐng)作為交換生去英 國(guó)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)月的學(xué)習(xí)，非常希望得到這次機(jī)會(huì)。)(3)主體部分詳述優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括父母優(yōu)勢(shì)和個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)。父母支持“我”去，另外，個(gè)人精通英語(yǔ)，和他人交流毫無困難，且性格外向，能與他人友好相處。(4)結(jié)尾表達(dá)希望對(duì)方能考慮此次申請(qǐng)，并期待盡早回復(fù)。第二步：依提綱，擴(kuò)成文Dear Mr. P

17、resident,ImJLi Hua, a high school student of Xinhua Middle School. m writing to apply to s tudy in the UK as an exchange student for two months.To begin with,my parents are in support of mo.In their opinioD,studying abroad can broaden. my view.To me,have some advantagesFor onehing,Lhave a gcod comma

18、nd of English, and have no difficulty Communicating.Fojanother, I am outgoing and able to g et on well with others.I would be grateful if you can take my application into accouKt/consideration.Looking forward to your early】eply.Yours,Li HuaII.假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Tom想在他的學(xué)校以“Chinese poetry”為主題舉辦一系列 活動(dòng)，他寫信向你求

19、助。請(qǐng)給他回信，提供至少兩條建議。注意：1 .詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第一步：列要點(diǎn)，擬提綱(1)本文要求寫一封建議信。(2)開頭應(yīng)點(diǎn)明建議的主題，即Tom想在學(xué)校準(zhǔn)備舉辦以“Chinese poetry”為主題的一系列 活動(dòng)，為此寫信提供幾條有用的建議。(3)主體部分說明建議的內(nèi)容，包括簡(jiǎn)要介紹中國(guó)詩(shī)詞，與學(xué)生分享不同種類的詩(shī)詞，號(hào) 召英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者多讀詩(shī)詞，并建議學(xué)生自己寫詩(shī)。(4)結(jié)尾表達(dá)愿望，希望這些建議對(duì)他有所幫助。第二步：依提綱，擴(kuò)成文Dear Tom,I m more tharL delighted to hear that you are plarming

20、to hold activities about Chinese poetry.Im writing to give you some advice.To start/begin with,you c|_better introduce the history ot-Chinese poetry dating from a ncient times briefly.In addition, you can share the various forms of poems with students hink it is a good idea to calLon English speaker

21、s to read more Tang Poetry and Song Ci. Last but not least, it s recommended that studens write some poems by themselves.I hope my suggestions wilLbe helpfuLYours,Li Hua第2招 適當(dāng)補(bǔ)加語(yǔ)句充實(shí)要點(diǎn)補(bǔ)加語(yǔ)句是常見的“增加細(xì)節(jié)”的方法，這可以使文章顯得錯(cuò)落有致，這樣不僅使文章 在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來鏗鏘有力，從而使作文在內(nèi)容上更加連貫、豐滿。目的充實(shí)文章，增強(qiáng)連貫性特色協(xié)調(diào)句式，結(jié)構(gòu)多樣方法根據(jù)行文走向，適當(dāng)增加一些與

22、主題相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句，或由要點(diǎn)衍生出的句子，既起到 前引后聯(lián)的作用，又能補(bǔ)充一些相關(guān)信息，幫助閱卷老師理解所寫內(nèi)容。同時(shí)，還 能協(xié)調(diào)句式，避免句式單調(diào)的問題例1（找筆友）想找一個(gè)像我一樣喜歡旅行的筆友。r d like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.f Id like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me. If possible, we can travel together or share traveling exp

23、eriences.分析要點(diǎn)句內(nèi)容較簡(jiǎn)單，補(bǔ)充省略句“If possible”，本句點(diǎn)明了找一位喜歡旅行的 筆友帶來的好處，不僅使句式多樣，也充實(shí)了內(nèi)容，增強(qiáng)了文章的連貫性。例2（提醒觀眾注意）要按時(shí)進(jìn)入電影院。Be sure to enter the theater on time.f Be sure to enter the theater on time. Whoever is late will miss the splendid opening.分析要點(diǎn)句為簡(jiǎn)單句，補(bǔ)加復(fù)合句“Whoever is late通過指出遲到后果的方式來 引起觀眾的注意，同時(shí)，也使得句式多樣，表達(dá)豐富多彩。例

24、3（談?wù)撋瓶钣猛荆┠季璧脕淼腻X將送給最急需的人。The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.f The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.This will not only help them get through difficulties, but also give them warmth and happiness.分析通過復(fù)合句來增加“較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”，同時(shí)也是上一句衍生

25、的“效果”：幫助他 們戰(zhàn)勝困難，還給予他們溫暖和幸福。例4（提醒演講參賽選手）要守時(shí)、講衛(wèi)生、守紀(jì)律。Please arrive there on time, keep quiet and don，t litter around.Please arrive there on time.Whoever is late won t be allowed to enter, if s bad mannersto litter around.And always keep quiet while waiting for your turn.分析原句雖然沒有直譯所給要點(diǎn)，且靈活化解了難點(diǎn)，但過于直白、語(yǔ)

26、氣較為生硬； 而改寫后的句子則進(jìn)行了拓展，具體明確。如“Whoever is late”提醒參賽選手遲到后果的嚴(yán) 重性；Itsbad manners”使用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型,指出亂扔?xùn)|西屬于不禮貌行為；“while waiting for your turn”使用狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。因此，改寫后的句子更充實(shí)， 更適宜對(duì)參賽選手提建議的語(yǔ)境。專題跟蹤集訓(xùn)請(qǐng)發(fā)揮合理想象，擴(kuò)展句子（請(qǐng)注意括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的語(yǔ)境）. （2019全國(guó)卷III書面表達(dá)）（告知學(xué)校將舉辦音樂節(jié)）As we all know, there is a Chinese classical music concert t

27、hat will be held in the music hall of our school on November 8th.According to the concert poster, many music masterpieces will be played by a famous band.（2019全國(guó)卷HI書面表達(dá)）（介紹音樂節(jié)的情況）As scheduled, the festival will start at 9 ： 00 a . m. on August 15th. （1 ）It willast two and a half hours.（2）Additionall

28、y,we will be fully absorbed in the attractive and fascinating performances. （3）And at the same timewn wiU sit on the grass and enioy the tasty food and drinks provided by sponsors.（4）Furthermore, we also expect to see you oc the stagv then. （2018-6月浙江高考寫作）（應(yīng)聘志愿者的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)）Firstly, I can speak fluent Engl

29、ish and （l）I have littlK difficulty communicating with foreigners.Secondly, I helped receive some visiting foreigners to our school last year.（2）This experience is sue to enable me to do better.（2018-天津高考書面表達(dá)）（邀請(qǐng)他的原因）We are desperately in need of your help.So as the group leader, I sincerely invite

30、you to join us.I am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results.What，s more, （2）I wiH e-mail you our training plan soon, hoping, you can offer some constnictive sugges tions regarding it.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的好處）The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. W

31、e can not only read news from home and abroad, but also get information, send emails and attend online schools.（說明自己所擅長(zhǎng)的兩項(xiàng)技藝）As a Chinese, Im good at many skills related with our traditional culture.But among them, Tai Chi is my favorite because it does much good to my health.（l）1 m sure American fr

32、iends will be also crazy about it after they touch it. And as you know, Chinese cooking is popular all over the world.（2）It _happens_m_exper_at_it,_and_l m_glad _to_ present _some_traditionaLChinese dishes to everybody.第3招合理追加成分豐富細(xì)節(jié)在要點(diǎn)句基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)增加合乎邏輯的附加成分，如定語(yǔ)（從句）、狀語(yǔ)（從句）、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等，不僅增加了詞數(shù)，而且使表達(dá)更清晰、

33、準(zhǔn)確，主題更突出。在英語(yǔ)寫作中, 增加這些細(xì)節(jié)是必不可少的，這些細(xì)節(jié)可有效串聯(lián)起各個(gè)耍點(diǎn)，讓文章顯得豐滿、圓潤(rùn)，讀 起來朗朗上口，不干癟生澀。目的擴(kuò)展句子，充實(shí)文章特色結(jié)構(gòu)多變，句式多樣方法在要點(diǎn)句基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)增加合乎邏輯的附加成分，如定語(yǔ)（從句）、狀語(yǔ)（從句）（如目的、 條件、原因、結(jié)果、方式等）、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、舉例等，使表達(dá)更豐滿， 內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，主題更突出技法1列舉具體的實(shí)例進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明例1我喜歡讀書。I like reading books.fl like reading books, such as novels, short stories, magazines and n

34、ewspapers.例2我要花一些時(shí)間和父母在一起。r 11 spend some time staying with my parents.f I 11 spend some time staying with my parents, chatting with them and doing some housework.技法2增添與所寫信息相關(guān)的神態(tài)、 動(dòng)作、心理描寫以及背景渲染等內(nèi)容例1我有時(shí)去村西的小河游泳。I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then.I go swimming in the ri

35、ver of the west of the village now and then, the water of which is very clear.（背景渲染）f Weather permitting, I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then.（相關(guān)背景）例2旅行了一周后，他回到了家。After a weeks trip, he returned home.f After a weeks trip, he returned home, tired but very happy.（心理苗寫）技法

36、3增加相關(guān)信息的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容例1我要和父母一起去超市購(gòu)物。r m going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket.f Im going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket and won t be back until about 5： 00 in the afternoon.（增力口時(shí)間）例2我已經(jīng)帶來了你讓我歸還的這兩本書。I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return.f

37、l have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library .（增力口地點(diǎn)） 專題跟蹤集訓(xùn)I請(qǐng)發(fā)揮合理想象，擴(kuò)展句子成分（請(qǐng)注意括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的語(yǔ)境）.（2019全國(guó)卷I書面表達(dá)X介紹語(yǔ)言能力）克服語(yǔ)言障礙。What s more,with a goodLcommand of English, I can overcome the language barrier, which anows me to communicate smoothly with British painting lovers.

38、（2018全國(guó)卷H書面表達(dá)）（通知學(xué)校放映電影）這部英文短片主要與我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展有 關(guān)。The English short film is mainly related to the development of our school, which will greatly help us students know the school s history better and appeal to us to m ake contributions to ou】school s development.（2018全國(guó)卷HI書面表達(dá)）（介紹學(xué)校體育館）體育場(chǎng)館已經(jīng)建立起來，許多運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目可 在里

39、面舉行。To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school .Moreover、with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which table termis，footban as welLas 】unning competitions enioy great popularity.（2018北京高考書面表達(dá)）（咨詢來北京上大學(xué)）建議你上北京

40、大學(xué)，中國(guó)文學(xué)專業(yè)適合 你。Learning; your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Beijing University, one of the best universities in China.Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profoimd history and rich culture.（開設(shè)英語(yǔ)電影欣賞課）建議多選擇英語(yǔ)電影。As a y

41、oung student, I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films that appeal to us teenagers, thus making English learning more interesting.（演講注意事項(xiàng)）要面帶微笑；要講慢些、講清楚。Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak, which will make youelaxed. Besides,remember tospeakslowlyandclearlyso that

42、you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges.第4招適當(dāng)增加過渡確保順暢增加過渡是常見的“增加細(xì)節(jié)”的方法，過渡性詞語(yǔ)和過渡性語(yǔ)句的使用是語(yǔ)言連貫性 得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的最常用手段。在句與句之間、段與段之間恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┏猩蠁⑾碌倪^渡（連接） 性詞語(yǔ)、句子之間可避免語(yǔ)句陡轉(zhuǎn)直下，不搭不聯(lián)，通過合理過渡，實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)句的銜接順暢。 這就需要考生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中積累背誦常用的過渡詞。例如：表示列舉的firstly, secondly,thirdly,finally； 表示自 己看法的 as far as Im concerned,from my

43、point of view, in myopinion； 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的 on the contrary, however, every coin has two sides 等。目的增加凝聚力，突出連貫性特色行文連貫，條理清晰方法根據(jù)行文或段落需要，在句與句或段與段之間適當(dāng)增加過渡性詞語(yǔ)，或者過渡句， 以使文章渾然一體，提高說服力例1（話題：家長(zhǎng)用車接送學(xué)生引起校門口擁堵）Our traffic department should strengthen management to make the parents obey traffic rules.Our school should appe

44、al to us students to walk or ride a bike to and from school, which is not only friendly to our traffic environment but also is good for students，health.Tn my opinion, the problem can be solved from two aspects.On one hand, our traffic department should strengthen management to make the parents obey

45、traffic rules.On the other hand, our school should appeal to us students to walk or ride a bike to and from school, which is not only friendly to our traffic environment but also is good for students，health.分析 本段作者使用In my opinion, the problem can be solved作為過渡句，其中from two aspects讓讀者明白作者提供了兩個(gè)方面的建議，并以

46、on one hand, on the other hand進(jìn)行 展示。這些過渡性詞語(yǔ)和過渡句的恰當(dāng)使用，使文章語(yǔ)言銜接連貫、過渡自然、渾然一體。例2（話題：去美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)詢問具體問題）1, m concerned with how far it is from the host family to my school.f m wondering whether a private bedroom will be offered to me.I tend to know if there are some special customs that I should pay attention

47、to.Would you please give me some more suggestions on how to get along well with the host family? Im sure your advice will benefit me a lot. Firstly, Im concerned with how far it is from the host family to my school.Secondly, Im wondering whether a private bedroom will be offered to me.Furthermore, 1

48、 tend to know if there are some special customs that I should pay attention to.Last but not least, would you please give me some more suggestions on how to get along well with the host family? f m sure your advice will benefit me a lot.分析本段作者使用firstly, secondly, furthermore, last but not least不僅使層次清

49、晰連貫， 也使文章提高一個(gè)檔次，彰顯了作者寫作實(shí)力。專題跟蹤集訓(xùn)II ,用過渡性詞匯補(bǔ)全句子（2019全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）First of all/To begin with （首先），Im a big fan of traditional Chinese paintings. Therefore （因止匕），I am capable of offering visitors detailed explanations on thestories of famous Chinese painters.（2018-浙江 6 月高考寫作）We lost our way in the forest

50、 andto make matters worse/worse still （更糟的是）,it got dark.（2018北京高考書面表達(dá)）In my opinion/view （依我看），studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.On the one hand （一方面）,they can sweep the tombs for the dead.On the other hand （另 一方面），they can go for a walk in the country in spring when the gr

51、ass has just turned green.In a word/In conclusion/In short/In brief （，總之），success is important, and so is failure, because it，s the mother of success.IL閱讀下面短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡性詞語(yǔ)填空近來，中學(xué)生普遍缺乏自我保護(hù)意識(shí)這一問題備受關(guān)注，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容 包括：.概括中學(xué)生自我保護(hù)的重要性；.就如何保護(hù)自己談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎㄖ辽賰牲c(diǎn)）。above all, besides, meanwhile, for one thing, f

52、or another thing, personally, in a word Recently, it has been a great public concern that the students lack self-protection awareness.There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all.Fo匚 one thing, security comes f

53、irst.Without security, we can achieve nothing and cannot live up to parents， expectations.Fojanothejthing,protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of us students, which is associated with the happiness of every family. Meanwhile, it also helps to build a more harmonious society.Pe

54、rsonally, in order to protect us students, above all, we should strengthen our security awareness. Besides, when accidents occur, we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help.The government also plays a leading role in protecting students. In a word, only by the combined efforts of e

55、very side involved can we live and study in harmony.第5招 要點(diǎn)詳加描述詳略得當(dāng)一篇好的文章，不能是一筆“流水賬”，要有詳有略、主次分明，這就啟示我們，在寫 作時(shí)要對(duì)主要要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行鋪陳延伸、豐富完善，這也是寫夠詞數(shù)的有效途徑之一。目的有詳有略，主次分明特色詳略得當(dāng)，重點(diǎn)突出方法根據(jù)提示要求，首先確定主要點(diǎn)和次要點(diǎn)，然后在主要點(diǎn)上著筆潑墨。除了前面提 到的采用“追加成分”以擴(kuò)展句子的方式外，還可把一些主要要點(diǎn)分開詳述，從而 提升這些要點(diǎn)的分量（二）定冠詞化。表示“一種的人或事”was a great surprise to us.不定冠詞用于序數(shù)

56、詞前，表示“再一，又OLive a good, honorable life.Then when you get older and think back, you，11 get to enjoy it a second time.用在表示特定的人或事物，或者雙方都知道 的或雙方都明確的人或事物，或者指上文已 經(jīng)提到過的人或事物之前。Take your time - it s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.用在世界上獨(dú)一無一的事物前。The earth goes around the sun.用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)

57、前。Is this the first time that you have visited Qingdao?用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人 或夫婦倆；或用于形容詞或分詞前，表示“某 一類人或事物”。The explosion saw people rush to help the injured.用在世紀(jì)前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示 “在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。Its said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.（三）零冠詞（不用冠詞的情況）（四）冠詞用于固定搭配中專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地 名等名詞

58、前，一般不加冠詞。He is living in Canada now.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐前一 般不加冠詞。We usually have breakfast at 7 o clock in the morning.語(yǔ)言、學(xué)科名稱、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲等名 詞前不用冠詞。r m interested in English.表示頭銜和職位的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、補(bǔ) 足語(yǔ)或與姓氏連用時(shí)，其前通常不用冠詞。Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study a

59、t Oxford or Cambridge.”系動(dòng)詞turn（變成）后的單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)不用冠1司。His brother has turned writer.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 提前構(gòu)成倒裝時(shí)，其前不用冠詞。Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings.下面是一位考生的習(xí)作，請(qǐng)進(jìn)行修改，以充實(shí)文章、突出主題。一家英語(yǔ)報(bào)社向中學(xué)生征文，主題是“我理想的大學(xué)生活”，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要求和你的暢 想完成短文。.專業(yè)與課程；2.老師與同學(xué)；3.學(xué)?；顒?dòng)。注意：1 .詞數(shù)80左右；.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；.開頭語(yǔ)已給出，不計(jì)

60、入總詞數(shù)。I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university.學(xué)生習(xí)作（得分16分）I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university.r 11 be admitted to Beijing University and major in English.I can choose a variety of courses, such as English literature and so on.The professors there w