基礎英語教學CultureandCommunication課件

1、Culture and CommunicationCULTURE defined.As the characteristic of a particular group of people, defined by everything including language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Derived from the Latin word “cultura” which means “cultivation”Societies are driven by culture, the way of life

2、that describes their interaction patterns.Samurai Code of ConductJapans most-revered moral virtues analogous to chivalry BayanihanThe value of unity and strength are symbolized by the nipa hut carried together by the people.Intercultural CommunicationInter means between, while communication refers t

3、o an exchange of information.Intercultural communication refers to the exchange of information between people from different cultures.What is the aim of Intercultural Communication?The aim of intercultural communication is to manage messages and the creation of meaning across cultures through a soci

4、ally-constructed transmission of symbols, meanings, and rules. It also aims to increase understanding and blending of culturally mediated communicationThree purposes of Intercultural Communication1. Culture-specific2. Culture-general3. Inter-cultural interaction Culture-specificFocuses on identifyin

5、g the communication behaviors and finding out what is yet unknown in a countrys cultureCulture-generalSeeks to understand common features across different cultures. For example, the particular proud and self-conscious identity of Filipinos and Mexicans can be explained by their history of being colo

6、nized by Spain for centuriesInter-cultural interactionCombines culture-specific and culture-general in integrating two various groups of different cultures. For instance, there are some Chinese-Filipino traditions that combine Chinese and Filipino customs because these two cultures have come in cont

7、act with each other. When does Inter-cultural Communication occur?It occurs when a member of one culture sends a message to a member of another culture. It is a kind of communication between people whose cultural perceptions are distinct enough to alter their understandingNon-verbal and Intercultura

8、l CommunicationIt can bridge the gaps in intercultural communication. When there is cultural interference and one culture is perceived superior to the other, wrong judgement may occur.Non-verbal gestures can help in solving the problem by providing another way of letting people from other cultures c

9、onnect.Non-verbal Communication Intentions their function is to make communication clear and understandable.Reinforcement4. AccentuationSubstitution5. RegulationContradictionReinforcementThe support of verbal message with non-verbals. For example, when saying “I am good”, a thumbs-up sign may back i

10、t up, or one can rub their stomach to mean “Im hungry”SubstitutionReplacement of the spoken message by non-verbal action. For example, instead of actually saying “hi” or “Bye” one might just wave a hand on someoneContradictionConflict between non-verbal and verbal message. For instance, when one say

11、s “yes” during a conversation about coming to a party, but has eyes rolling or looking down, it could actually mean “no”AccentuationNon-verbal message intensifying the verbal message. For example, if one speaks louder with fierce eyes in saying “Get out!” intense communication is emphasizedRegulatio

12、nHelping regulate conversations by sending the cue when one will stop speaking or signaling when one can begin talking, an example of it is the use of hand gesturesBarriers in Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural communication faces six stumbling blocks, which must be avoided in order to achieve

13、 an effective communication. Proactive coping strategies and constructive approaches should be utilized towards creating more favorable encounters and overcoming inevitable challenges for people of various cultures.Barriers:Assumption of similaritiesLanguage differencesNon-verbal misinterpretationPr

14、e-conceptions and stereotypesTendency to evaluateHigh anxietyAssumption of SimilaritiesSome people think that all humans are all alike, disregarding the fact that different people have different values, beliefs, and traditions. The solution to this misconception is to treat culture as something dive

15、rse individual case with non-judgmental attitude.Handshake with their two hands while bowing.In France the customary greeting is a kiss upon each cheekLanguage DifferencesUnderstanding language without referring to connotation and context is a challenge in intercultural communication. For example, t

16、he words “yes” and “no” is an expression of courtesy but to many, it means rejection.Non-verbal MisinterpretationDifferent cultures can exhibit various non-verbal patterns such as gestures, postures and other body movements on their frames, of reference have many interpretations. Understanding and d

17、eveloping coping mechanisms are necessary to understand different non-verbal styles in intercultural communicationThat innocent thumbs up? In Greece, Latin America, the Middle East, Russia and several other places, it actually means up yours.This may mean OK in America, but in Brazil, Mexico, Russia

18、 and several other countries, its the sign for a*hole.Curling the index finger to motion someone to come to you is definitely unacceptable to Asian countries. This curling of finger is only used for dogs, thus when using it, it implies inferiority to the person directed to. Do not use this especiall

19、y in a workplace, no matter what your position is. Treat people like humans, do it in a manner that will not cause offense as there are many other ways to call the attention of someone without offending them.Pre-conceptions and StereotypesWhen one culture is over-generalized, stereotypes arise. In s

20、ome instance, people judge other people based on stereotypical racial judgements. To solve this problem, cultures should be viewed objectively considering the complexity of intercultural situations.*Stereotype-a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or

21、 thing.Ilocano StereotypeVisayan StereotypeTendency to EvaluateSimilar to being pre-judgemental in making statements regarding someone elses actions, leading to a communication breakdown. For example, one should not evaluate a persons character based on race or genderHigh Anxietythe feelings of stre

22、ss and tension affects how people behaveIntercultural Communication CompetenceIntercultural skill help develop healthy interactions without any biases against with people belonging to different cultures. Intercultural communication competence refers to the ability to converse or interact with an achievable goal at an appropriate time or