抓住機(jī)遇開拓創(chuàng)新努力提高國土資源對可持續(xù)發(fā)展保障能力課件

1、中國國土資源管理與可持續(xù)發(fā)展Management and Sustainable Development of Chinas Land and Resources中華人民共和國國土資源部Department of Planning of the Ministry of Land and Resources, China一、中國國土資源基本形勢The Basic Situation of Chinas Land and Resources（一）中國國土資源狀況The status of Chinas Land and Resource 一、中國國土資源基本形勢 The Basic Situati

2、on of Chinas Land and Resources二、中國國土資源管理體系 The Management System of Chinas Land and Resources三、中國國土資源管理工作現(xiàn)狀和未來 The Present Situation and the Future of Land and Resources Management of China內(nèi)容提綱Outline of Presentation中國位于亞洲東部，陸地面積960萬km2，內(nèi)海和邊海水域面積約470多萬km2。有37個省級行政區(qū)。2006年，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值210871億元，總?cè)丝?31448萬人。

3、China is situated at the east of the Asia . It has a land area of 9,600,000 km2. Its inner and border sea water area is about 4,700,000 km2. Its 37 provincial administration regions. In 2006, its gross domestic product was RMB 21.0871 trillion Yuan, with the population of 1,314,480,000 persons. 中國自然

4、資源在總體上呈現(xiàn)出四個特點：資源總量大，類型齊全；人均資源占有量少；資源空間分布不均衡，資源組合結(jié)構(gòu)不匹配；資源開發(fā)難度大，節(jié)約集約程度不高。Chinas natural resources generally has four characteristics: big volume of the total resource with full types, small amount of per man resource occupancy, unbalanced spatial distribution of resources and mismatching of resource c

5、ombination structure as well as difficulty of being developed.土地資源特點一：總量大，人均占有量小。The first characteristics of land resource : big total volume with small occupancy. 中國陸地面積和耕地面積都位居世界第3，耕地占世界耕地的9.3%；多年生牧場面積占世界11.5%，居世界第1。2006年，全國耕地面積12177.59萬公頃，人均耕地0.093公頃，不到世界平均水平的40%。Its cultivable land area account

6、s for 9.3% of the world, ranking the third in the world. Its perennial pasture area accounts for 11.5% of that of the world, ranking the first in the world. By 2006, the cultivated lands of the whole country was 121,775,900 hectares, but there was only 0.093 hectare per man cultivated land, even les

7、s than 40% of the worlds average level. 2006年全國土地利用 the land-use of China in 200625.913.110.92.852.11.43人均耕地（畝）per man cultivated land （mu）(2005 year)加拿大Canada俄羅斯Russia美國American印度India德國German中國China土地資源特點二：耕地總體質(zhì)量不高。The Secondly characteristics of land resource : the general quality of the cultivat

8、ed area was poor. 高產(chǎn)田僅占28%，中產(chǎn)田為40%，低產(chǎn)田為32%。優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地占用過快，耕地污染退化比較嚴(yán)重，全國每年因水土流失、土壤鹽堿化和沙化損失的耕地仍在增加。High yielded field accounted for only 28%, medium yielded field for 40% and low yielded field accounted for 32%. Good quality cultivated land was occupied too fast, resulting in a bit serious recession due to

9、pollution of cultivated land. Each year, the loss of cultivated land in the country due to soil erosion, salinization and desertification is still increasing. 2001-2006年全國災(zāi)毀耕地情況The loss of cultivated land area due to natural disasters 2001-2006 year土地資源特點三：土地資源區(qū)域差異顯著。The Thirdly characteristics of l

10、and resource : the regional difference of land resources. 宜農(nóng)、宜林土地主要分布于東部季風(fēng)區(qū)，80%以上的草地分布在西北干旱區(qū)。Lands suitable for agriculture and forest are mainly distributed over the east seasonal wind areas. Over 80% of grass lands are distributed over the northwestern dry areas. 土地資源特點四：可供開發(fā)利用的土地面積小The fourth cha

11、racteristics of land resource : the developable and applicable land area is small 耕地后備資源不足，僅1億畝左右。the cultivated backup land resource is insufficient (only about 100,000,000 mu). 中國礦產(chǎn)資源總量豐富，但人均資源量少；資源稟賦較差，利用難度大。 China is rich in total volume of mineral resources， But the per man resource volume is l

12、ittle；The resources are not of natural endowment, with difficulty of utilization 。 中國礦產(chǎn)資源總量約占世界的12%，居世界第3位；人均資源量僅為世界水平的58%，居世界第53位，主要礦產(chǎn)探明人均儲量不到世界平均水平的1/4。 The total volume of mineral resources of China accounts for about 12% of that of the world, ranking the third in the world. the per man resource

13、volume is only at 58% of the worlds level, ranking 53 in the world. The major proven per man deposit of mineral resources is not up to 1/4 of the average world level. 礦物能源結(jié)構(gòu)不良，優(yōu)質(zhì)能源少。大型礦床和容易選冶的礦產(chǎn)地少，中小礦和共生伴生礦多。探明礦產(chǎn)中，1/3在現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)條件下難利用。 The mineral energy is of poor structure, lack of good quality energy

14、. Large-sized mineral beds and easy selecting and smelting mineral lands are little, but there are many medium-sized and paragenous and associated mines. Among the proven minerals, 1/3 are very difficult to utilize under existing economic and technical conditions. 已探明儲量的159種礦產(chǎn)分類表159 minerals with id

15、entified resources and reserves in China in 2006種類 kind名 稱 name能源礦產(chǎn)（10種)10 energy minerals煤、石油、天然氣、煤層氣、天然瀝青、油頁巖、石煤、鈾、釷、地?zé)峤饘俚V產(chǎn)（54種）54 metallic minerals 鐵、錳、鉻、釩、鈦、銅、鉛、鋅、鋁土、鎂、鎳、鈷、鎢、錫、鉍、鉬、汞、銻、鉑族金屬（鉑、鈀、銥、銠、鋨、釕）、金、銀、鈮、鉭、鈹、鋰、鋯、鍶、銣、銫、釔、 鏑、鈰、鑭、鐠、釹、釤、銪、鍺、鎵、銦、鉈、錸、鎘等非金屬礦產(chǎn)（92種）92 nonmetallic minerals金剛石、石墨、硫鐵礦、透

16、輝石、明礬石、重晶石、芒硝、菱鎂礦、水泥灰?guī)r、砂巖、硅藻土、高嶺土、膨潤土、耐火粘土、碘、溴、砷、硼礦、磷礦、稀土、硫、鉀、石棉、石膏、滑石、石材、硅灰石、玻璃硅質(zhì)原料、水晶、云母、剛玉等其他水氣礦產(chǎn)（3種） mineral water, groundwater and carbon dioxide gas礦泉水、地下水、二氧化碳?xì)庵袊Ｑ筚Y源種類繁多。其中，海洋石油資源量約240億噸，天然氣資源量14萬億立方米，濱海砂礦資源儲量31億噸，海洋可再生能源理論蘊藏量6.3億千瓦，水深0至15米的淺海面積12.4萬平方千米。China has many types of marine resour

17、ces. Among them, the amount of marine petroleum resources is about 24 billion tons, that of natural gas resources is about 14 trillion m3, coastal sand mineral resources deposit is 3.1 billion tons and the theoretical ocean reproducible energy deposit is about 0.63 billion kilowatts, the shallow sea

18、 area with water depth from 0 to 15 m is about 124 thousand km2. （二）國土資源在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用The land and resources played an important role in promoting development of economic society嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地，對保障國家糧食安全和維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。耕地為中國農(nóng)民提供了60%的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入和6080%的生活必需品。土地供應(yīng)有力支持了城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)，保證了國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。Strictly protecting cultivated

19、 land has played an important role in guaranteeing national grain safety and safeguarding social stability. The cultivated land in China provides farmers 40 to 60% of economic incomes and 60 to 80% of life necessities. The land supply has strongly supported the urban and rural construction and guara

20、nteed the need of national economic development. 礦產(chǎn)資源是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。中國90%左右的能源、80%以上的工業(yè)原材料、70%以上的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料和30%以上的生活用水來自礦產(chǎn)資源，有力地支持了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展。The mineral resource is an important material base of economic development. About 90% of Chinas energy, over 80% of industrial raw material, over 70% of agricultural

21、 production material and over 30% of living water come from mineral resources that has strongly supported the national economy and social development.海洋日益成為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重要空間和資源寶庫，海洋資源在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的作用日益顯著，海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點。The ocean is increasingly becoming the important space and resource treasure-house for the

22、 development of economic society. The role of ocean resources in development of Chinas economic society increasingly obvious and the marine economy has become the new economic growth point. The total output value of Chinas main marine industries The total output value and the ratio of added value to

23、 GDP（三）土地、礦產(chǎn)資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的矛盾加劇 The contradiction between land, mineral resources and economic development is agravated土地方面，耕地面積大量減少。土地粗放利用的現(xiàn)象也比較普遍，進(jìn)一步加劇了土地供求矛盾。 the cultivated land area greatly decreased. The phenomenon of extensive utilization of land also existed widely, which further deteriorated the

24、 contradiction between the supply and demand of the land. 2001-2006年全國耕地面積變化情況The changing of cultivated land area 2001-2006 year 7年內(nèi)，全國凈減少耕地上億畝。 礦產(chǎn)供需矛盾進(jìn)一步加劇。礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)利用粗放和破壞浪費嚴(yán)重。礦山“小、散、多”問題突出，礦產(chǎn)資源總回收率、共伴生礦的利用率低。In the aspect of mineral resources, the contradiction between supply and demand of minerals

25、 has been further worsened. The phenomenon of extensive development and utilization, sabotage and waste of mineral resources was worsening. The problems of “small, disperse and excessive” mines stood out. The total recovery ratio and availability of common associated minerals of mineral resource wer

26、e low. 石油生產(chǎn)與消費狀況the output and consumption of oil in China 1990-2006礦產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口總額Chinas total trade volume of mineral commodities 海洋資源開發(fā)利用程度還不高，海洋調(diào)查勘探程度低，海洋資源開發(fā)過度與不足并存，近岸海域污染和海洋災(zāi)害損失嚴(yán)重。The level of exploitation and use of marine resources were still not high while the marine survey level was still low. Th

27、e over exploitation and lack of exploitation of marine resources coexist. The off-shore sea water areas were seriously polluted and serious loss was suffered from marine disasters. 二、中國國土資源管理體系The Management System of Chinas Land and Resources（一）國土資源部的管理職能The Management Function of Ministry of Land

28、and Resources of China 中國國土資源部組建于1998年，主要職能是：土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源的規(guī)劃、管理、保護(hù)與合理利用。 The Ministry of Land and Resources of China was set up in 1998, The major function of Ministry of Land and Resources is: planning, management, protection and rational utilization of natural resources such as land, minera

29、l and marine resources. 國土資源部的主要職責(zé)包括12項： The Ministry of Land and Resources has following 12 major responsibilities: 1. 擬定有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，發(fā)布土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源管理的規(guī)章；研究擬定管理、保護(hù)與合理利用土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源政策；制訂土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源管理的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程、規(guī)范和辦法。 To enact relevant laws and regulations and promulgate the rules governing the m

30、anagement of natural resources such as land, mineral and marine resources to develop policies regarding the management, protection and rational utilization of land, mineral and marine resources; to formulate the technical criteria, rules, standards and measures for land, mineral and marine resources

31、; 2. 組織編制和實施國土規(guī)劃、土地利用總體規(guī)劃和其他專項規(guī)劃；參與報國務(wù)院審批的城市總體規(guī)劃的審核，指導(dǎo)、審核地方土地利用總體規(guī)劃；組織礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的調(diào)查評價，編制礦產(chǎn)資源和海洋資源保護(hù)與合理利用規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)勘查規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治和地質(zhì)遺跡保護(hù)規(guī)劃。 To compile and implement the national comprehensive planning for land and resources, overall plan for land use and other specific plans; to participate in the examination

32、 and verification of urban overall plans submitted to the State Council for approval, instruct and verify local overall plans for land use; to organize the survey and evaluation of mineral and marine resources; to develop plans for the protection and rational utilization of mineral and marine resour

33、ces, for geological survey, for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and for the protection of geological remains; 3. 監(jiān)督檢查各級國土資源主管部門行政執(zhí)法和土地、礦產(chǎn)、海洋資源規(guī)劃執(zhí)行情況；依法保護(hù)土地、礦產(chǎn)、海洋資源所有者和使用者的合法權(quán)益，承辦并組織調(diào)處重大權(quán)屬糾紛，查處重大違法案件。 To supervise and inspect the law enforcement of the departments for land and res

34、ources management at various levels and the implementation of plans for land, mineral and marine resources; to protect the lawful rights and interests of the owners and users of land, mineral and marine resources according to the law, to undertake and organize the arbitration of major disputes over

35、rights and ownership and the investigation of major law-breaking cases; To develop and implement policies on special protection of cultivated land and encouraging the development of cultivated land; to enforce the control over the different purposes on agricultural land; to organize the protection o

36、f capital farmland; to instruct the development of unused land and cultivated land, the land revitalization and reclamation and supervise the development of cultivated land, so as to ensure the increase of cultivated land without any decrease.4. 擬定實施耕地特殊保護(hù)和鼓勵耕地開發(fā)政策，實施農(nóng)地用途管制，組織基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)，指導(dǎo)未利用土地開發(fā)、土地整理、土

37、地復(fù)墾和開發(fā)耕地的監(jiān)督工作，確保耕地面積只能增加、不能減少。 5. 制訂地籍管理辦法，組織土地資源凋查、地藉調(diào)查、土地統(tǒng)計和動態(tài)監(jiān)測；指導(dǎo)土地確權(quán)、城鄉(xiāng)地籍、土地定級和登記等工作。 To formulate cadastral management regulation; to organize land and resources survey, cadastral survey, land statistics and dynamic monitoring; to instruct the works on land titles, urban and rural land recordi

38、ng, land grading and registration; 6. 擬定并按規(guī)定組織實施土地使用權(quán)出讓、租賃、作價出資、轉(zhuǎn)讓、交易和政府收購管理辦法，制訂國有土地劃撥使用目錄指南和鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）村用地管理辦法，指導(dǎo)農(nóng)村集體非農(nóng)土地使用權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)管理。 To develop and organize to implement the regulations for the assignment, lease, evaluation, transfer, transaction and governmental purchasing of the right to use the land; to

39、 work out catalogue guideline for the allocation of the state-owned land and management measures on the land for villages and townships usage, to instruct the transfer of right to use non-agricultural land owned by rural collectives. 7.指導(dǎo)基準(zhǔn)地價、標(biāo)定地價評測，審定評估機(jī)構(gòu)從事土地評估的資格，確認(rèn)土地使用權(quán)價格。承擔(dān)報國務(wù)院審批的各類用地的審查報批工作。 To

40、 administrate the evaluation of reference and standard land prices, verify and assess the qualification of organizations engaging in land evaluation and appraisal, confirm the price of land-use right; to undertake the verification and approval of applications for various land utilization submitted t

41、o State Council for approval. 8.依法管理礦產(chǎn)資源探礦權(quán)、采礦權(quán)的審批登記發(fā)證和轉(zhuǎn)讓審批登記；依法審批對外合作區(qū)塊；承擔(dān)礦產(chǎn)資源儲量管理工作，管理地質(zhì)資料匯交； To administer the approval, registration and licensing of the rights to explore and to mine the mineral resources and the rights to transfer them according to the law; to verify and approve the blocks for

42、 cooperation with foreign investment according to law; to undertake the management of mineral resource reserves and the collection and compilation of geological data; 9.組織監(jiān)測、防治地質(zhì)災(zāi)害和保護(hù)地質(zhì)遺跡；依法管理水文地質(zhì)、工程地質(zhì)、環(huán)境地質(zhì)勘查和評價工作。 To organize the monitoring prevention and mitigation of geological disasters and the

43、protection of geological remains; to supervise the hydrogeological, engineering and environmental geological explorations and evaluations according to law; 10.安排并監(jiān)督檢查國家財政撥給的地勘費和國家財政撥給的其他資金。 To arrange, supervise and inspect the use of geological exploration funds allocated by the state and other fun

44、ds allocated through state finance.11.組織開展土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的對外合作與交流。 To organize and carry out international cooperation and experience exchange on land, mineral and marine resources. 12. 承辦國務(wù)院交辦的其他事項。 To fulfill other duties assigned by the State Council. （二）國土資源管理制度Management System of Land and Resou

45、rces 當(dāng)前中國國土資源管理制度的核心是土地資源管理和礦產(chǎn)資源管理。Presently, the core of management system of land and resources of China is the land and mineral resources management. 土地資源管理的基本制度：中國實行土地社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。實行土地有償使用、土地用途管制、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用、建設(shè)用地統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)制度。The content of the fundamental system on land resource management is: C

46、hina implements socialist public ownership, namely, the ownership by the whole people and the collective ownership of mass laborers. She enforces systems of compensable use and utilization control of land, usage transfer of agricultural land and unitively supply of construction land形成了土地利用總體規(guī)劃、土地利用年

47、度計劃、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批、土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和國家土地總督察等一系列具體的管理制度。form a series of management systems such as the comprehensive and annual plans for land utilization, usage transfer of agricultural land and expropriation and approval of land, supervision on law enforcement and national land general supervision. 土地利用總體規(guī)劃是城

48、鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)、土地管理的綱領(lǐng)性文件，是加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控、發(fā)揮市場配置土地資源基礎(chǔ)性作用的重要前提，是實行土地用途管制、落實最嚴(yán)格的土地管理制度的基本手段。the comprehensive plans of land utilization is the programmatic document for urban and rural construction and land management, the important premise for strengthening macro regulation and control and playing the basic role of ma

49、rket configuration of land resources and the means for implementing land-use control and putting in effect the most strictest land management system.土地利用年度計劃是國家對計劃年度農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用量、土地開發(fā)整理補(bǔ)充耕地量和耕地保有量的具體安排，它既是實施土地利用總體規(guī)劃的重要手段，又是用地審批的重要依據(jù)。The annual plan for land use is the practical arrangement of the amount of

50、 annual transferred volume of agricultural land, amount of the land exploitation, arrangement and supplementation of cultivated land and the amount of retained cultivated land. This plan acts as not only an important means to enforce comprehensive land plans, but also the important basis for land us

51、e verification and approval. 農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批是土地利用總體規(guī)劃和土地利用年度計劃得以落實的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是土地供應(yīng)的“閘門”。 The verification and approval of usage transfer of agricultural land and expropriation of land is the key link that the comprehensive plan for the verification and approval of transfer of agricultural land and land expr

52、opriation and the annual plan for land use. It is also the “gate valve” of land supply. 土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和國家土地總督察是土地政策得以貫徹落實的重要保障。The law enforcing police for the land and national land general supervisor is the important guarantee for implementing land policy. 礦產(chǎn)資源管理基本制度內(nèi)容：國家對礦產(chǎn)資源的基本方針是堅持“在保護(hù)中開發(fā)，在開發(fā)中保護(hù)”的總原則；執(zhí)

53、行對礦產(chǎn)資源的勘查、開采實行統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃、合理布局、綜合勘查、合理開采和綜合利用的方針；實施對礦產(chǎn)資源嚴(yán)而又嚴(yán)的管理制度。 The content of basic system for management of mineral resources: the basic policy of the state for mineral resources is to keep the general principle of “seeking development in protection while entreating protection in development”; to impl

54、ement the policy of unitize planning of exploration and exploitation, rational arrangement, comprehensive survey, rational mining and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources; to implement more and more strict management system. 礦產(chǎn)資源屬于國家所有，由國務(wù)院行使國家對礦產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán)，這是中國制定礦產(chǎn)資源管理制度的基礎(chǔ)。所有權(quán)、使用權(quán)分離是制定管理制度的原

55、則。礦產(chǎn)資源的使用權(quán)分為探礦權(quán)和采礦權(quán)。國家對礦產(chǎn)資源實行統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃管理。Mineral resources belong to the state, the ownership of which is to be exercised by the State Council. This is the basis of mineral resources management system established by China. Separating the servitude from the ownership is the principle of developing managem

56、ent system. The servitude of mineral resources is divided as prospecting right and mining right. The state practices the unitive planning management. （三）當(dāng)前國土資源管理工作重點The Stress of Current Land and Resources Management第一，加強(qiáng)土地管理特別是耕地保護(hù)工作，實現(xiàn)土地資源永續(xù)利用。The first is to strengthen the land management, especi

57、ally the protection of cultivated land and realize the permanent and continuous utilization of land recourses;第二，加強(qiáng)國土資源的調(diào)查評價和科學(xué)規(guī)劃，為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。The second is to enhance investigative assessment and scientific planning of land and resources and make contributions to national economic development. 第三，加強(qiáng)

58、國土資源信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，實現(xiàn)信息服務(wù)社會化。The third is to strengthen the construction of information system for land and resources, to realize socialization of information service. 第四，建立適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的國土資源管理新體制、新機(jī)制。The fourth is to establish new systems and mechanisms for land and resources management adaptable for socialis

59、t market economy. 第五，健全法制，依法行政。 The fifth is to perfect the legal system and administer according to law。三、中國國土資源管理工作現(xiàn)狀和未來The Present Situation and the Future of Land and Resources Management of China（一）“十五”時期國土資源管理工作The management of land and resources During the “Tenth Five-Year-Plan” period 貫徹落實最

60、嚴(yán)格的土地管理制度，嚴(yán)格控制建設(shè)占用耕地的總規(guī)模，實現(xiàn)了建設(shè)占用耕地占補(bǔ)平衡，保證了國家糧食安全。It is required to put in effect the strictest land management system for strictly controlling the overall scope of cultivated land occupied by construction to realize the balance between the occupation and compensation of cultivated land occupied by c