新世紀大學英語 綜合教程2 unit4

1、There is enough good and bad in everyones life ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism.Detailed Reading_t1_there isTranslate this sentence into Chinese.每個人的生命中都有足夠的幸運與不幸豐富的哀傷和喜悅、充足的歡欣與痛苦令我們找到或樂觀或悲觀的理由。Detailed ReadingI choose to h

2、ighlight the positive and slip right over the negative.Detailed Reading_t2_I chooseWhat can we infer from this sentence?The author chooses to be an optimist rather than a pessimist.Detailed ReadingBut when all is said and done, I find that the good in life is far greater and more important than the

3、bad.Detailed Reading_t2_But1. What is the implied meaning of this sentence?Having experienced so many difficulties and crises, the author believes that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.Detailed Reading2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.但是，當一切塵埃落定，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生命中的美好遠比丑惡多。Co

4、nversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy.Detailed Reading_t2_converselyDetailed Reading1. Why does the author say negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy?There seems to be a natural ca

5、use-and-effect relationship between pessimism and failure. If you expect something to turn out bad, it probably will.2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.反過來，悲觀的想法、態(tài)度和期待也會自成因果：它們是能自我實現(xiàn)的預言。That seemed like an odd question, but I felt fine and told him so.Detailed Reading_t3_that seemedDetailed Rea

6、dingWhat is the implied meaning of this sentence?The author was feeling great on that beautiful day. Although he was a bit surprised to hear the attendants question, he still told him the fact.Optimism doesnt need to be naive. Detailed Reading_t5_optimismDetailed ReadingWhat does this sentence imply

7、?To be optimistic doesnt mean to be simple-minded or happy blindly.Optimism draws our attention away from negativism and channels it into positive, constructive thinking.Detailed Reading_t6_optimism1. Paraphrase this sentence.If we take an optimistic attitude towards life, we will look on the positi

8、ve side of the situation and gradually cultivate a positive and constructive way of thinking. Detailed Reading2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.樂觀精神使我們的注意力從消極的否定態(tài)度轉向積極的、建設性的思考。in reverse: in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation Detailed Reading_ in reverseUS video recorders

9、cannot play European tapes, and the same applies in reverse.Detailed ReadingDetailed Reading_ shapeDetailed Readingshape: v. 1. influence sth. such as a belief, opinion, etc. and make it develop in a particular way2. make sth. have a particular shape, especially by pressing itPeoples political belie

10、fs are shaped by what they see in the papers.It is true that a peoples character is, to a great extent, shaped by the environment they live in.The bird shaped its nest from mud and sticks.Children shaped the sand into a mound on the beach.We watched in amazement as she shaped the clay into a pot.Det

11、ailed Reading_ ampleDetailed Readingample: adj.1. more than enough2. (literary) large in a way that is attractive or pleasant There is an ample supply of consumer goods.The director of the company receives an ample salary.他胸懷廣闊。Hes got an ample bosom.Detailed Reading_ blessDetailed Readingbless: v.

12、ask God to protect sb. or sth.; have a special ability, good quality, etc.They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them.愿上帝保佑你。May God bless you.In some countries, the priest blesses the fields before seed is sown.We were both blessed with good health.Pattern: N.B. 注意該詞的詞性變化，它的名詞與形容詞分別為：ble

13、ssing和blessed。 be blessed with sth.Detailed Reading_ curseDetailed Readingcurse:1. v. 1) say or think bad things about sb. or sth. because they have made you angry2) swear2. n.1) a swear word or words that you say because you are very angry 2) sth. that causes trouble, harm, etc. She cursed him for

14、ruining her life. Gilbert was cursing under his breath.He muttered a curse under his breath.Mice are a curse in the country.Gambling is often a curse.他的財富最后害了他。His wealth proved a curse to him.Detailed Reading_ perspectiveDetailed Readingperspective: n.1. a way of thinking about sth., especially one

15、 which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences2. a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that sth. is more serious than it really isYou have the wrong perspective on that situation.He views everything from a political perspective.The d

16、eath of his father eight months ago has given him a new perspective on life.She was under such stress that she lost all sense of perspective.We must keep a sense of perspective about what hes done.Detailed Reading_ viewDetailed Readingview: v. 1. think about sth. or sb. in a particular way2. look at

17、 sth., especially because it is beautiful or you are interested in itI view his action as a breach of trust.The mountain is best viewed from the north side.view sth. as sth.view sth. from sth.Collocations:Detailed Reading_ highlightDetailed Readinghighlight: 1. v. make a problem or subject easy to n

18、otice so that people pay attention to it The report highlights the problems of the unemployed.I would like to highlight three challenges in the process of the development of cultural traditions.2. n. the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of sth. such as a holiday, performance, or sports

19、 competition David Beckham viewed that season as the highlight of his career. 她的表演是那場演出中最精彩的部分。Her performance was the highlight of the show. Detailed Reading_ live throughDetailed Readinglive through:experience difficult or dangerous conditionsHe has lived through two wars and three revolutions.The

20、 general has lived through more than five times of murdering.Detailed Reading_ converselyDetailed Readingconversely: adv. used when one situation is the opposite of anotherYou can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, Br

21、itish buyers like brown eggs.Detailed Reading_ feed onDetailed Readingfeed on / upon:if a feeling or process feeds on sth., it becomes stronger because of it; if an animal feeds on a particular food, it usually eats that food Birds feed on seeds and berries.Cattle feed chiefly on grass.Hatred feeds

22、on envy.因妒生恨。這些動詞均含有“供養(yǎng)、提供、撫養(yǎng)”之意 普通用詞，含義廣泛。既可指給人或動物提供食物，又可指 給植物以養(yǎng)料或為機器等加燃料等。 指提供生長、健康或維持生存所必需的食物或養(yǎng)料，尤指用 促進生長的營養(yǎng)品。句中事物名稱往往做該動詞的主語。 表示在幼兒、幼苗的成長過程中予以細心的照料、保護或者 可以指幫助計劃、想法、感情等發(fā)展。 表示提供所需物品。CF: feed, nourish, nurture & supplyfeednourish nurturesupplyDetailed Reading_ feed on 2 Detailed ReadingDirections:

23、Fill in the blanks with the four words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Milk, eggs, and meat the bodies of growing boys and girls. 2. It is mothers duty to her children. 3. Most large towns are with electricity.4. The farmers wife cattle and sheep every morning. 5. We want to the new projec

24、t, not to destroy it. nourish_nurture_supplied_feeds_nurture_Detailed Reading_ oddDetailed Readingodd: adj. different from what is normal or expected, especially in a way that you disapprove of or cannot understandShe gets odder as she grows older.We always meet in odd circumstances.這些形容詞均含有“奇怪的，奇異的

25、，新奇的、好奇的”之意。 普通常用詞，含義廣泛，指陌生新奇的、奇怪的人或物。 例如： 通常指不同尋常或者出乎意料之外的人或事物，往往令人困惑 或感到奇怪。例如： 常指因為覺得陌生或者不熟悉而感到有點奇怪。例如： 通常指非常奇特從而能引起人們的好奇心。例如：The doctor thought her strange behavior was caused by stress. He is rather an odd man. This food has got a peculiar taste. It is a curious fact that he never works but has

26、plenty of money. CF: strange, odd, peculiar & curiousstrangepeculiaroddcuriousDetailed Reading_ pull overDetailed Readingpull over:drive to the side of the road and stop your car, or make sb. else do thisPull (your car) over and let me pass!1. We can pick up the tickets an hour before the play begin

27、s.2. Unfortunately, many children picked up the flu.3. The economy is starting to pick up now.Detailed Reading_ pick upDetailed Readingpick up:get an illnessI picked up a virus while I was in America.Directions: Match the definitions with the sentences.1. let sb. get into your car2. learn sth.3. cat

28、ch (an illness)4. recover; regain5. get sth.6. improve; become better5( )3( )6( )4. She picked up quite a lot of French when she lived in France.5. Youll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside. 6. He picked up the child. 2( )4( )1( )Detailed Reading_ figure outDetailed Readingfigure out: th

29、ink about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happenedHave you figured out whats wrong with your car?我試圖弄明白出了什么事。I was trying to figure out what was happening.Detailed Reading_ reflectDetailed Readingreflect: v.1. if a surface reflects light, heat, or sound, it se

30、nds back the light, etc. that reaches it; if a person or a thing is reflected in a mirror, glass, or water, you can see an image of the person or thing on the surface of the mirror, glass, or waterLook at the trees reflected in the lake.The sight of my face reflected in the mirror never pleases me.A

31、lthough planets give off no light of their own, they reflect the light from the sun and look like stars at night.2. show or be a sign of a particular situation or feelingHer sad looks reflected the thoughts passing through her mind.The increase in crime reflects rising unemployment.Detailed Reading_

32、 reflect2Detailed ReadingModern society asks for modern facilities. Modern facilities reflect the modern flavour.3. think carefully about sth., or to say sth. that you have been thinking about I need time to reflect on your offer.He reflected how difficult it would be to escape.決定做一件事之前應考慮可能產(chǎn)生的后果。Yo

33、u should reflect on the likely result before you decide to do something.Detailed Reading_ profoundDetailed Readingprofound: adj.1. showing strong, serious feelingsHe has a profound sense of guilt.He opened the door with a profound sigh.2. showing great knowledge and understandingWe all consider him

34、to be a profound statesman.中華文明博大精深、源遠流長,為人類文明進步作出了巨大貢獻。The Chinese civilization, extensive and profound, and with a long history behind it, has contributed tremendously to the progress of human civilization.Detailed Reading_ profound2Detailed Reading這兩個形容詞都有表示“深的”之意。 普通用詞，可用于比喻，表示“深刻”、“深奧”、 “深謀遠慮”等

35、。例如： 語氣較強，較為莊重，多指抽象的事物，多用于比喻， 含有“極為深刻的、深奧的”之意。例如：There is a deep wound in the old tree. It is hard for you to grasp such a profound theory.CF: deep & profounddeepprofoundDetailed Reading_ affirmationDetailed Readingaffirmation: n.stating publicly that sth. is trueThe movie Titanic is an affirmation

36、of the power of love.Detailed Reading_ accomplishDetailed Readingaccomplish: v.succeed in doing sth., especially after trying very hardWe tried to settle the argument but accomplished nothing.We have accomplished all we set out to do.這些動詞均含有“完成”之意。 指經(jīng)過艱苦的努力之后成功地完成了規(guī)定的工作、計劃、 任務等，側重達到預期目的的整個過程。 指通過持續(xù)的

37、努力而完成或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某事，特別強調(diào)由于非常 努力以及克服困難后達到目的。 指達到預定的目標，如計劃的完成、職責的履行、諾言的 實現(xiàn)、任務的完成等，側重于完成心愿或者盡義務的意思。 指完成一件指派或預定的任務，或完善、完整未完成的 部分，一般指經(jīng)過比較長的時間以后完成了任務。CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill & completeaccomplishachieve fulfillcomplete1. Brown was a brilliant musician but he had never his early promise.2. They the difficul

38、t task assigned to them. 3. The construction work of the new steel plant has already been4. It is more difficult for a woman to success in modern society. 5. Ill my obligation to the best of my ability. Detailed Reading_ accomplish2Detailed ReadingDirections: Fill in the blanks with the four words a

39、bove. Change the form where necessary.fulfilled_accomplished_completed_.achieve_fulfill_Detailed Reading_ addressDetailed Readingaddress: v.1. make a formal speech to a large group of peopleThe letter is addressed to the occupier of the house.2. if you address an envelope, package, etc., you write o

40、n it the name and address of the person you are sending it to The governor was invited to address the conference.He gave in to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to his wife.We must address ourselves to the problem of drugs among young people.3. (formal) if you address a problem, you start tr

41、ying to solve itIt is time we addressed ourselves to the main item on the agenda.Detailed Reading_ criticizeDetailed ReadingHe was criticized by the committee for failing to report the accident.criticize: v. express your disapproval of sb. or sth., or to talk about their faultsRon does nothing but c

42、riticize and complain all the time.Pattern: criticize sb. / sth. (for doing sth.)N.B. 注意該詞的詞性變化，它的名詞與形容詞分別為：criticism和critical。Detailed Reading_ channelDetailed Readingchannel: v.1. send water through a passageWe must channel all our energies into the new scheme.2. control or direct people or things

43、 to a particular place, work, situation, etc.The river had channeled its way through the soft rock.Drugs from government pharmacies were being channeled into illegal drug markets.Detailed Reading_ tackleDetailed Readingtackle: v.1. try to deal with a difficult problemYoull have to tackle her parents

44、 about her bad behaviour.2. talk to sb. in order to deal with a difficult problem We should be together to tackle all the challenges.When are you going to tackle your brother about that money he owes me?He tackles fearlessly.3. start fighting sb., especially a criminal My husband tackled the burglar

45、 and made him drop everything.Police have launched an initiative to tackle rising crime.After Reading_ useful expressionsUseful ExpressionsTable CompletionSpot DictationPicture TalkingWriting PracticeProverbs and Quotations1. 反之亦然in reverse2. 因果關系 cause-and-effect relationship3. 塑造自己的前途與理想shape ones

46、 outlook and expectations4. 積極向上look up in hope5. 垂頭喪氣look down in despair6. 積極向上的生活態(tài)度the upward look7. 忽視；遺漏slip over8. 憑選擇；憑愛好by choice9. 天生地 by nature10. 經(jīng)過仍然活著live throughOptional Classroom ActivitiesGroup Discussion11. 歸根結底when all is said and done12. 一個能自我實現(xiàn)的預言a self-fulfilling prophecyAfter Reading_ useful expressions2 14. 加油站 a service station15. 一個古怪問題an odd question16. 感到有點心神不寧feel a little uneasy17. 把（車）停路邊pull over18. 染上怪