七年級人教英語下冊unit8 Is there a post office near here 重點知識和語法講解

1、 Unit8: Is there a post office near here?重點知識和語法講解重要短語和句型post office 郵局police station 警察局pay phone 付費電話near here 這附近across from 在對面next to 緊挨著between. and. 在和之間in front of. 在前面excuse me. 打擾了；勞駕far from 離遠(yuǎn) （反義詞：close to離近）go/walk along/down. 沿著走turn right/ left 向右/左轉(zhuǎn)on the right/left 在右/左邊 on ones ri

2、ght/ left 在某人的右/左邊 in my neighborhood 在我家附近look like 看起來像in life 生活中at the first crossing 在第一個十字路口go shopping 去購物in town 在城鎮(zhèn)on weekends 在周末spend time with sb. 和某人共度時光be good at. 擅長enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事How do/does sb. get to.? 某人怎么到達(dá)？重要知識點講解police 集合名詞“警察”表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，前面常加定冠詞the，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The police

3、are looking for the little boy.拓展：policeman和policewoman用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“男警察”“女警察”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式分別為policemen和policewomen。I want to be a policeman when I grow up.There are more and more policewomen in China.注意：表示“一名警察”時不能用a police，應(yīng)用a policeman/policewoman.pay = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 動詞 “付款；支付” 其過去式是paidpay for 為.付款

4、pay (sb.) for 付錢（給某人）買.You can pay 20 yuan for the bag. = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 名詞 “工資”across from 在.對面 相當(dāng)于oppositeThe bookstore is across from the bank.=The bookstore is opposite the bank.辨析：across與crossacross介詞，副詞穿過；橫過；在對面cross動詞越過；橫過（相當(dāng)于go across）Lets cross the road now.=Lets go across the road n

5、ow.in front of與in the front of都表示“在前面”，但具體用法不同。in front of強(qiáng)調(diào)一個物體在另一個物體空間“外部”的前面。反義詞是behindin the front of強(qiáng)調(diào)一個物體在另一個物體空間“內(nèi)部”的前面。Tom is standing in front of a tree.Tom is standing in the front of the classroom.Exercise:There is a policeman the car. I can see him because I sit the car.in front; in the

6、front ofin front of; in front ofin the front of; in the front ofin the front of; in front ofYou shouldnt spend much time computers.in front of B. across from C. at the left of D. behindbank = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 名詞 “銀行”He has much money in the money. = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT （河、湖等的）岸；堤They are walk

7、ing along the bank of the river.around = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 介詞 “在.附近；在.周圍”There is a post office around here. = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 副詞 “到處；周圍”When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 副詞 “大約”，用在數(shù)字之前，與about同義。He gets up around/ about six every day.

8、along = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 介詞 “沿著”相當(dāng)于down，可以和go ,walk等動詞連用。Go along the street, and youll find the bank. = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 副詞 “向前；一同”與動詞連用時，與on同義，表示“向前移動”。Come along,John.turn = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 不及物動詞 “轉(zhuǎn)向”turn right/left 意為“向右/左”，此處right/left用作副詞，意為“向右/左”。Turn right and go along the st

9、reet. = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 動詞 “翻”Turn to page 10 please. = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 連系動詞 “變成”Leaves turn yellow in autumn. = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 名詞 “（輪到的）機(jī)會”Its your turn to clan the blackboard. crossing 名詞 “十字路口”在第個十字路口向右/左轉(zhuǎn)。Turn right/ left at the +序數(shù)詞+crossing.=Take the +序數(shù)詞+crossing on the rig

10、ht/left.翻譯：在第二個十字路口向左轉(zhuǎn)。（兩種方法。） spend time 度過時光；消磨時間spend time with sb. 和某人共度時光I often spend time with my grandfather on weekends.辨析：spend, cost, take與payspend主語是人 = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT sb. spend(s) time/money on sth; = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT sb. spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth.某人花時間/金錢做某事cost主語是

11、物sth. cost(s) sb. some money某物花費某人一些錢take常用it作形式主語It takes sb. +時間+to do sth.做某事花費某人一些時間pay主語是人 = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT sb. pay(s) money for sth. = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT sb. pay(s) for sth.某人為某物付錢I spend two hours watching the movie.The dictionary costs me 50 yuan.It takes me an hour to finish my ho

12、mework.I pay 50 yuan for the dictionary.Exercise:He most of his time English.spends; studying B. costs; studied C. takes; to study D. pays;studieswatchwatch sb./sth. doing.觀看某人/某物正在做.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行watch sb./sth do.觀看某人/某物做了.強(qiáng)調(diào)看見動作發(fā)生的全過程He watched them playing basketball.We watch the birds fly home.look li

13、ke 看起來像like是介詞，意為“像”，后可接名詞、代詞作賓語。He looks like his father.拓展：What does/do +主語+look like? 意為“長什么樣？”用來詢問某人的外貌特征。What does your brother look like?He is tall and thin.注意區(qū)分“What+be+sb. like?”意為“某人是個什么樣的人？”用來詢問某人的性格。What is your brother like?He is friendly.free 形容詞 = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT “免費的”，在句中作表語或定語。

14、The food on the table is free. = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT “空閑的；自由的”，其反義詞是busy，意為“繁忙的”。Are you free this Sunday? = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT “自由的”The free fish is swimming freely in the river.enjoy及物動詞，“享受；喜歡”,后跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語。enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 We enjoy the film very much.My grandfather enjoys playin

15、g chess and drinking tea.拓展：enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun 玩得開心；過得愉快Exercise:The travelers enjoy (travel) without a tour group.Every morning the old people enjoy in the square, singing and dancing.him B. them C. himself D. themselves補(bǔ)充：問路和指路的表達(dá)方式問路Where is the nearest., please? 請問最近的在哪兒？2.

16、 Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to.? 打擾了，你能告訴我去的路嗎？3. Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to.?/Could you tell me how I can get to.? 打擾了，你能告訴我去怎么走嗎？4. Hello! Is there a/an.near here? 你好！請問這附近有嗎？5. Excuse me. How can I get to.? 打擾了，請問到怎么走？6. Which is the way to.? 哪條是去的路？7. Do you know the way

17、to.? 你知道去的路嗎？指路Turn left/ right at. 在向左/右轉(zhuǎn)。Go/ walk along this street/road. 沿著這條街/路走。Turn right at the third/.crossing, and then walk straight.在第三個/個十字路口向右轉(zhuǎn)，然后一直朝前走。Take the second/ . turning on the right/ left.在第二個/.個拐彎處向右/左轉(zhuǎn)。Its across from/ near/ next to the bank.它在醫(yī)院對面/附近/旁邊。You can take the No.

18、 3 bus and get off at.你可以乘3路公共汽車，在下車。三、重要語法講解there be 句型there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地有某物或某人”，結(jié)構(gòu)中的there沒有實際意義。句子中的be動詞必須和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般現(xiàn)在時的基本句型肯定句There is/are+主語+地點狀語/其他.There is a book on the desk.There are three pens in the pencil box.否定句There isnt / arent +主語+地點狀語/其他.There isnt a book on the desk.

19、There arent three pens in the pencil box.一般疑問句Is/Are there +主語+地點狀語/其他？肯定回答：Yes, there is/ are.否定回答：No, there isnt./arent.Is there a book on the desk?Yes，there is. / No, there isnt.Are there three pens in the pencil box?Yes, there are./ No, there arent.注意：在變否定句和一般疑問句時，肯定句中的some要變成any.常用how many 對可數(shù)名

20、詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問。There are fifty students in my class.How many students are there in your family?對there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語進(jìn)行提問時，常省略there。There is a clock in our classroom.Whats in your classroom?there be句型中的主謂一致在there be句型中，如果be動詞后的主語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，be動詞用is。There is a man under the tree.There is some water in the glass

21、.當(dāng)有兩個或多個并列主語時，be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要由離它最近的主語決定，即遵循“就近原則”。There is a pencil, two pens and a ruler in the pencil box.There are two girls and a woman in the room.拓展： There is/are sb./sth. Doing sth. “有某人/某物正在做某事”There are some boys playing basketball on the playground.there be 結(jié)構(gòu)與have/hasthere be“某地有”客觀存在“there be+

22、某人/物+其他”have/has“某人/物有.”所屬關(guān)系“某人/物+have/has+某物”There are two pens and an eraser in the pencil box.I have two pens and an eraser.注意：there be結(jié)構(gòu)不能與have/has同時使用。助記口訣：There be表示“有”，主語跟在be后走；單數(shù)主語用is， 復(fù)數(shù)主語要用are；若遇多個并列主，“就近原則”要記住；否定be后加not，疑問把be提句首。Exercise:一、用be動詞的正確形式填空。There some orange juice in the bottle. There many children in the park. There any houses near the river? There a map of China on the wall. There a pen and two books on the desk.二、填空（每空一詞）There are some pictures on the wall. （改為否定句）There pictures on the wall.Behind t