2017年考研英語(yǔ)二真題

1、絕密啟用前2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）（科目代碼204）考生注意事項(xiàng).答題前，考生必須在試題冊(cè)指定位置上填寫考生和考生編號(hào)；在答題卡指定位置上填寫報(bào)考單位、考生和考生編號(hào)，并涂寫考生編號(hào)信息點(diǎn)。.考生須把試題冊(cè)上的試卷?xiàng)l形碼粘貼條取下，粘貼在答題卡”試卷?xiàng)l形碼粘貼 位置”框中。不按規(guī)定粘貼條形碼而影響評(píng)卷結(jié)果的，責(zé)任由考生自負(fù)。.選擇題的答案必須涂寫在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的選項(xiàng)上， 非選擇題的答案必須書寫 在答題卡指定位置的邊框區(qū)域。超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效； 在草稿紙、試題 冊(cè)上答題無(wú)效。.填（書）寫部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆或者鋼筆書寫， 字跡工整、筆跡清楚； 涂寫部分必須使

2、用2B鉛筆填涂。.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡和試題冊(cè)按規(guī)定一并交回，不可帶出考場(chǎng)?？忌?考生編號(hào)2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）試題Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA ,B,CorDon the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future withoutwork .Today is no different

3、, with academics, writers, and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exc

4、lusive3 holds that the future willbe a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed.6 , today s unemployed don t seemto be havinga great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percentof Americans who have been u

5、nemployed for at leasta year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agoni

6、zing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be f川edwith unease. Such visions are based on the 120f beingunemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind co

7、uld14strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of humanpotential, says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because lei

8、sure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day s work,I often feel18 , Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don thave to work, I might feel rather different” perhaps d

9、ifferent enoughto throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usuallyreserved for20 matters.1.A boastingB denyingC warningD ensuring2.A inequalityBCD uncertaintyinstabilityunreliability3.A policyBguidelineC resolutionD prediction4.ABdividedC balancedDmeasuredcharacterized5.A wis

10、domB meaningC gloryD freedomA InsteadA richA explanationA underA leave behindAstatisticallyA chancesA absenceA disturbA modelA trickyA demandsA ignoredA offAtechnologicalB IndeedB urbanB requirementB beyondB make upB occasionallyB downsidesB heightB restoreB practiceB lengthyB standardsB tiredagains

11、tBprofessionalThusCworkingC compensationC alongsideC worry aboutC necessarilyC benefitsC faceC excludeC virtueC mysteriousC qualitiesC confusedbehindC educationalNeverthelessD educatedD substituteD amongD set asideD economicallyD principlesD courseD yieldD hardshipD scarceD threatsD starvedD intoDin

12、terpersonalSectionIIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWERHEET.(40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5kmaround their local

13、park. The Parkrun phenomenonbegan with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley s worldrecord 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an ho

14、ur.Parkrun is succeeding where London s Olympic “l(fā)egacy is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The

15、population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012 but the generalpopulation was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition cla

16、ims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation. The success of Parkrun offersanswers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your

17、 only competitor is theclock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as muchjoy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talentshining.The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mi

18、xed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state gettinginvolved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots ” , concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, itshould really b

19、e getting involved in providing commongoods making sure there is space for playing fields and the moneyto pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local a

20、uthorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governmentsneed to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has.gained great popularitycreated many jobsstrengthened co

21、mmunity tiesbecome an official festivalThe author believes that London s Olympic “l(fā)egacy has failed to.boost population growthpromote sport participationimprove the city s imageincrease sport hours in schoolsParkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.aims at discovering talentsfocuses on mas

22、s competitiondoes not emphasize elitismdoes not attract first-timersWith regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments anize “grassroots sports eventssupervise local sports associationsincrease funds for sports clubsinvest in public sports facilitiesThe author s attitude to what

23、UK governments have done for sports is.A tolerantB criticalC uncertainD sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children s use of screens, it s easy for parents to forget about their ownscreen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in, says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,“anddigital

24、 products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makesit hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devi

25、ces during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bid

26、s for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often arewhen absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting foe thechildren. Radesky cites the “still face experiment devised by development

27、al psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her motherattention. Parents don t have

28、to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need, says Radesky.Onthe other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born o

29、ut of an oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting “ with their children: It s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them. Tronick believes that

30、 just because a child isn t learning from the screen doesn t mean there s no value to it particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out

31、of the way. This can makethem feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to . A simplify routine mattersabsorb user attentionbetter interpersonal relationsincrease work efficiencyRadesky s food-testing

32、 exercise shows that mothers use of devicestakes away babiesappetitedistracts childrens attentionC slows down babiesverbal developmentD reduces mother-child communicationRadesky s cites the “still face experiment to show that it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsverbal expressions

33、 are unnecessary for emotional exchangechildren are insensitive to changes in their parents moodparents need to respond to children s emotional needsThe oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents tect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesteach their kids at least 30,000 words a y

34、earensure constant interaction with their childrenremain concerned about kid s use of screensAccording to Tronick, kid s use of screens maygive their parents some free timemake their parents more creativehelp them with their homeworkhelp them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social press

35、ure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn t i

36、t? And after goingto school for 12 years, it doesn t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn t academic.But while this may be true, it s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to th

37、e finish line, whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite commonmisconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap yea

38、r are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, newresponsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-yearstudents often struggle with the most. G

39、ap year experiences can lessenthe blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders.If you re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year offto explore interests, th

40、en consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with

41、 a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.It s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it canbe costly to makeup credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for exa

42、mple, you would have to complete an extra year were youto switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save moneylater on.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year isthat.they think it acad

43、emically misleadingthey have a lot of fun to expect in collegeit feels strange to do differently from othersit seems worthless to take off-campus coursesStudies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps.keep students from being unrealisticlower risks in choosing careersease freshm

44、en s financial burdensrelieve freshmen of pressuresThe word “acclimation ” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to.adaptationapplicationmotivationcompetitionA gap year may save money for students by helping them.avoid academic failuresestablish long-term goalsswitch to another collegedecide on th

45、e right majorThe most suitable title for this text would be.In Favor of the Gap YearThe ABCs of the Gap YearThe Gap Year Comes BackThe Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on feder

46、al tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the USForest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double thepercentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal fun

47、ds today are going towards the agency s other work such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-pron

48、e districts. As Moritzputs it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely tobe lost to a wildfire?“It s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspectivefor the whole country,he says. We need to take a magnifying glassto that. Like,“Wait a minute, is this OK? ”“ Do we wa

49、nt instead toredirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of thelandscape? ”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way USsocietytoday views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be moreinclusive.Over the past decade, the focus has bee

50、n on climate changehow the warmingof the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsenfires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldnt come atthe expense of the rest of the equation.“The humansystems and the landscapes we live on arelinked, and theinteractions go bot

51、h ways, he says. Failing to recognizethat, he notes,leads to“an overly simplified view ofwhat the solutionsmight be. Ourperception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited. ”At the sametime, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unlea

52、shed only out of necessity, saysProfessor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developingthe laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We ve disconnected ourselves from living with fi

53、re,“ Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is thehuman connection with fire today. ”More frequent wildfires have becomea national concern because in 2015 they.exhausted unprecedented management effortsconsumed a record-high percentage of budgetseverely damaged t

54、he ecology of western statescaused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditureMoritz calls for the use of“a magnifying glass to.raise more funds for fire-prone areasavoid the redirection of federal moneyfind wildfire-free parts of the landscapeguarantee safer spending of public fundsWhile admitting th

55、at climate is a key element, Moritz notes that.public debates have not settled yetfire-fighting conditions are improvingother factors should not be overlookeda shift in the view of fire has taken placeThe overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to.discover the fundamental makeu

56、p of natureexplore the mechanism of the human systemsmaximize the role of landscape in human lifeunderstand the interrelations of man and natureProfessor Balch points out that fire is something man should.do away withcome to terms withpay a price forkeep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following

57、text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Tru

58、mp.We don t make anything anymore, “ hetold Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a d

59、ifferent way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers

60、 every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition forworkers and upward pressure on wages. They re harder to find and they have job offers, says Jay Dunwe