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1、英語(yǔ)十大詞性一、詞類:英語(yǔ)詞類分十種:名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。1、名詞(n.):表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。如: boy,morning, bag, ball, class, orancje2、代詞(pron.): 主要用來(lái)代替名詞。如: who, she, you, it .3、形容詞(adj.):表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。如: good, right, white, orange .4、數(shù)詞(num.): 表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如: one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、 動(dòng)詞(v.)

2、: 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如: am, is,are,have,see .:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度等。如: now,very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠詞(art.):用在名詞前,幫助說(shuō)明名詞。如:a, an, the.8、介詞(prep.):表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如 in, on, from, above, behind.9、連詞(conj.): 用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。如 and, but, before .10、感嘆詞(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情。如: oh, well, hi, hello.

3、二、名詞:1、英語(yǔ)名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類: 地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專用名稱。s Republic of Chi傅華人民共和國(guó))專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語(yǔ),則必須使用定冠詞the。如:the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城)姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如:the GreenS格林一家人)。2、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。如: pupil, family, man, foot.普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞??蓴?shù)名詞是可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,如:box, child,orange;不可數(shù)名詞是不可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。如:water

4、,news, oil, population, information .2、英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù):英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。1、名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下:在單數(shù)名詞詞尾力口 So女口: map maps,bo尸boys,horse7horses, table tables.s,o,x,sh,ch吉尾的詞力口 es如:class f classes,boxboxes,here heroes, dish dishes,bench benches.注:少數(shù)以cl吉尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加So如:photof photos, piano f pianos.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i

5、,再加es。如:familyfamilies, cit尸 cities, party f parties.以或3結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如:shelf f shelves,wolf f wolves, life lives, knife f knives.man men, woman women, sheep sheep,tooth teeth,fishf fish, childf children, oxoxen geese不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說(shuō)明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如 :a bag of rice f two bags of rice, a piece of

6、paperThree pieces ofpaper, a bottle of milk f five bottles of milk.3、名詞所有格:1、名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成法如下:(1)表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加cs如:Childern sDay(兒童節(jié)),my sister s(我媽蛆的書)(2)以威es吉尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加屋 如:Teachers Day(教師節(jié))有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無(wú)生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加.S如:today newspapef今天的寸艮紙 ),ten minutes brea

7、k(十分鐘的課間休 息),China population中國(guó)的人 口 ).無(wú)論表示有生命還是無(wú)生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如:a fine daughter of the Party的好女兒).典型題分析:1.Several are talking under the tree. And they are.A. woman;children B. woman;child C. women;childrenHow far is your school from here?一Not very far . Its about twenty walk. (2000杭州)A

8、. minutes B. minutes C. minutesThere are three in my family. (2004長(zhǎng)春)A.peopleB. personC. childMost students can go to college for further in our city.A. education B. information C.scienceThis is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much.A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Jane s C.Ann s anJane s根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填

9、空:Different people may have different. (idea)I often go to work on . (foot)I know one of the . (boy)Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)Please give them their . (photo)Are there any in the box? (watch)There are twelve in a year. (month)Would you like some ? (tomato)Look at those in the boats! (p

10、eople)Look! The are singing. (woman)September 10th is Day. (teacher)Jim has some . (knife)How much are these ? (vegetable)My school is twentywalk from here. (minute)The girl under the tree is a friend of(Lucy二、代詞;.概念:代替名詞的詞。.英文表達(dá):pronoun.英文縮寫:pron.、代詞的分類:代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和 形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞,按其意義、特征

11、及在句中的作用分 為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種 練習(xí):請(qǐng)用n. pron.標(biāo)注出下列單詞的詞性randpa it she skirt teacher he pen kite this ook we that brother you school I chair sun2、人稱代詞:人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人 稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人 稱 復(fù) 數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽(yáng)性陰性中性主Iyouhesheitweyouthey格(我)(你)(他)(她)(它)(我(你(他們)們)們,她們,它們)賓me

12、youhim heritusyouthem格(我)(你)(他)(她)(她)(我(你(他們)們)們,她們,它們)通常,主格作主語(yǔ),賓格作賓語(yǔ)通常,當(dāng)單數(shù)的主格作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);復(fù)數(shù)的的 主格作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Eg. He is my friend.It s me.They are from China.She lent me a book.I love it.Are you interested in them?3、物主代詞:說(shuō)明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。第 第二一人人稱單稱單數(shù) 數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人 稱 復(fù) 數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽(yáng)性陰性中性形容詞性my

13、(我 的)your (你 的)his(他 的)her(她 的)its(它 的)our(我 們的)your(你們 的)their (他 們的,她 們的,它 們的)名詞性mine(我 的)Yours(你的)his(他 的)hers(她 的)its(她 的)ours(我們的)yours (你們 的)theirs(他 們的,她 們的,它 們的)形容詞性物主代詞=形容詞,位于名詞的前面名詞性物主代詞 =形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,之后不接名詞Eg. I like his car.Our school is here and theirs is there. This is your picture. And

14、 that is mine.4、反身代詞:表示謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)有關(guān)或者賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與賓 語(yǔ)有關(guān)。稱單稱單數(shù)陽(yáng)性陰性中性數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvest(我自(你自(他自(她自(它自(我們自(你們自(己)己)己)己)己)己)己)反身代詞的作用:.用作同位語(yǔ)(加強(qiáng)被修飾詞的語(yǔ)氣,緊放在被修飾名詞后, 或句末):The box itself is not so heavy.You said it yourself.用作賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)):Take good care of yourself.用作表語(yǔ)The poo

15、r boy was myself.5、指示代詞:指示說(shuō)明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義this(這個(gè))these這些)指較近的人和物that(那個(gè))those那些)指較遠(yuǎn)的人和物such (這樣的人/物)指上文提過(guò)的人和物same (同樣的人/物)指和上文提過(guò)的相同的人和物it (這人/這物)指不太清楚是誰(shuí)或者是什么時(shí)指示代詞既可以單獨(dú)使用做句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),也可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。如:What this?(這是什么? ) / That model plane is made of plastic(.那 只模型飛機(jī)是塑料做的)(被動(dòng)句)/ Remember

16、 never to do such things(記得永遠(yuǎn)不要做這樣的事情 )/ Do the same as the teacher tells you.(按老師說(shuō)的做)/ -Who is ji?(是誰(shuí)?)-It_s me!(是我?。?6、關(guān)系代詞有 who, whom, whose, that, which, a曙,可用作引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) 等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。* He is the man whom you have been looking for. .I hope I can fi

17、nd a job that I can devote myself to.This is the book whose covering is old. That is the same food as you want.7、連接代詞:用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞稱連 接代詞。英語(yǔ)中連接代詞主要有:what(什么),who(誰(shuí)),whom(誰(shuí)),which(哪個(gè)),whos誰(shuí)的)。詳見(jiàn)相應(yīng)從句。8、不定代詞:代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。單數(shù)含義some noany none/each (every)oneeither, neithersothe other, a

18、nother復(fù)合 不 定代 詞不可 數(shù) 含義muchlittle, a littleall/9、相互代詞:表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。each other ,one another相互代詞,譯成 互相”可以通用。eachothe凄示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格 形式 each other sone another s如: We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。 )/ They sat there without talking to one another / each othe

19、r(.他們坐在月BJL ,互 相都不說(shuō)話。)10、疑問(wèn)代詞:用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的代詞稱為疑問(wèn)代詞。疑問(wèn)代詞有 who, whom, whose, what和which等。在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成 特殊疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句)What are you?Who is his coat?Whose bag is this?, Which do you prefer? The blue one or the white one? Could you tell me what is his name?練習(xí):.He shouted louder to the ru

20、nners, but he still couldnt make heard.A. him B. himself C. them D. themselves.There are flowers and trees onsides of the river.A. every B. both C. either D. all.She has three good friends. One is a doctor;are teachers of Chinese.A. another B. the other two C. other D. others.Before handing in your

21、compositions, please correct the mistakes in each line if.A. so B. no C. any D. some.(我)am a worker.(你)are a doctor.(她)is a teacher.This is(他的)shirt. This is(我的)pen.4(他們的)trousers are there.I like this picture. Please give(它)to(我).People get(他們的) money from(我).(他們)are new students.(他們的)names are Luc

22、y andLily.These are(我們的)shoes. Can(我們)wear(它們).Thank for(你的)help.(他)loves (她), and (她)loves (他),too.(我)love (你),and (你)love (我),too.三、形容詞.概念:形容詞是修飾和形容名詞和代詞的詞、.英文表達(dá):adjective.英文縮寫:adj.闖關(guān)2找出下面的n. pron.adj. clever girl clean one good boy . beautiful room long nose happy face purple grape fine day blue

23、cat用來(lái)表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞稱為形容詞作用例句定語(yǔ)You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表語(yǔ)Your coat is too small.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意:1.有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),如: alone, afraid, asleep等。例如: The old man is alone.2.形容詞用來(lái)修飾 something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代 詞,要 放在這些詞的后面。Yoi

24、i d better tell us somethinginteresting5.注意:一.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞1) friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly,仍為形容詞。2)有些以-ly結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。daily, weekly,monthly, yearly, earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.二.用形容詞表示類別和整體某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如: the dead, t

25、he living, the rich, the poor, theblind, the hungry三.多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色)-出處-材料性質(zhì),類別-名詞a small round table; a tall gray building ; a dirty old brown shirt; a famous German medical school四.副詞:.概念:用來(lái)修飾名詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及句子的詞。.英文表達(dá):adverb.英文縮寫:adv.副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、 介詞、連詞等單詞或短語(yǔ),以說(shuō)明動(dòng)作性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的特

26、征的詞一、副詞的位置在許多情況下,副詞都放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞后面或句末。The girl dances very well.二.副詞的分類時(shí)間和頻度副詞 :now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday.地點(diǎn)副詞:here, th

27、ere, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside,above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.3、方式副詞:carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly程度副詞,放在被修飾詞之

28、前 :much, little, very, rather, so, too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly.疑問(wèn)副詞: how, when, where, why.關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why.連接副詞:how, when, where, why, whether.五、動(dòng)詞.概念:表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。.英文表達(dá):verb.英文縮寫:v.jump跳run跑動(dòng)作I am a teacher.She is a student.狀態(tài)You are a boy.Game: Fin

29、d verb in the following phrase ride a bike fly a kite make a cake color the dog clean the road follow the nurse 動(dòng)詞的分類1根據(jù)其在句中的功能,動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類,有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。如:形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)We have lunch at 12.I am hungry.She didn t know him.You can swim.系動(dòng)詞作為系動(dòng)詞,有些不具詞義;有些具有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)用作謂 語(yǔ),后邊必須跟表語(yǔ),構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)

30、說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等 情況。1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞只有bb詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,表像系動(dòng)詞 seem, appear, look感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, smell, sound, taste5)變化系動(dòng)詞become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run6)終止系動(dòng)詞prove, turn out,表達(dá)證實(shí),變成之意助動(dòng)詞最常用的助動(dòng)詞有: be, have, do, shall, will, should, would1)助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義,不可單獨(dú)使用2)助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用,

31、a.表示時(shí)態(tài),He has got married.b.表th語(yǔ)態(tài),He was sent to England.c.構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句,Do you like college life?d.與否定副詞not合用,構(gòu)成否定句,I dont like him.e.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,He did know that.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義,但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用,給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色 彩,表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該 或必要等。只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would)可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:

32、need, dare具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征:have (had, has) to, used to實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞意思完全,能獨(dú)立用作謂語(yǔ)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞是指后面要求有直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞;不及物動(dòng)詞指后面不需要跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞)Think, play, drive等.數(shù)詞.概念:表示數(shù)量多少和先后順序的詞.英文表達(dá):numeral.英文縮寫:num.數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。)一、基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法二、序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式:first1st second- 2nd thirty-first 31st基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但下列

33、情況,常用復(fù)數(shù):a.與of短語(yǔ)連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連用,如hundredsof people指許多人;b.在一些表示一排或一組的詞組里;如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡竭_(dá)c.表示幾十歲”;d.表示年代“,用in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù);e.在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.數(shù)詞的用法:1)表示倍數(shù)once, twice, three times2)表示分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時(shí),分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù):1/3 one

34、 third ;3/7 three sevenths.介詞.概念:表示人與人、事物與事物、人與事物之間關(guān)系的詞。.英文表達(dá):preposition.英文縮寫:prep.Emma is beside Cassie 人與人The pen is on the table.事物與事物I am in the room.人與事物.表示地點(diǎn)位置的介詞at ,in, on, to, above, over, below, under, in front of, in the front of, beside, behind.表示時(shí)間的介詞in , on, at, after, from, since,時(shí)間名詞

35、前介詞用法口訣年前周前要用in ,具體日子要用on ,遇到幾號(hào)也用on,上午下午 得是in ,要說(shuō)某日上下午 用on換in記清楚,午夜黃昏用at ,黎明用它也 不錯(cuò),at用在時(shí)分前,說(shuō)差”可要用上to,說(shuō)“過(guò)要用past八.連詞.概念:連詞是連接單詞與單詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與句子的詞.英文表達(dá):conjunction.英文縮寫:conj.blue and red 單詞與單詞stand up and sit down 短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)I like apples, but my mother likes bananas.句子與句子連詞不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句 的作用。連

36、詞主要可分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來(lái)連 接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如: and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet,however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not only but also, eitheror, neithernotand) then等等。九.冠詞.概念:冠詞是名詞的帽子。.英文表達(dá):article.英文縮寫:art.冠詞有三大類a an the不定冠詞a/an只用于單數(shù)名詞之前,表示 ,”的意思或該名詞的不特定性。定冠詞the則強(qiáng)調(diào)該名詞的特定性,表示 這“、這些”等意思,在可數(shù) 名詞與

37、不可數(shù)名詞之前都能使用十、感嘆詞.概念:表示喜怒哀樂(lè)情感情緒的詞。.英文表達(dá):interjection.英文縮寫:int.1、分類:形容詞和副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三級(jí)。原級(jí)變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。2、規(guī)則變化:(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)的后面加上er,es的 成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。a)直接加er,est :b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,后加er,estc)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est(2)兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級(jí)前加more / most.3、不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good子的better好的be

38、s最好的wel好;(身體)好的,bad,badiy曹糕的,糟worsen糟后的,更 worstft糟后的,最糟糕地糟糕地;(身體)更 糕地;(身體)最不不舒服的舒服的ill (身體)不舒服的manWF多的(可數(shù))more更多的; 更mostft多的; 最muchiF多的(不可 數(shù));非常little少的lesSE少的leastft少的far遠(yuǎn)的;遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的;更遠(yuǎn)地farthest遠(yuǎn)的;最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)沙的furthest!深刻的(地)(地)七、介詞:1、介詞的主要用法:介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓 格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓

39、語(yǔ),即構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。有些介詞是由兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)介詞,如:outof(從中出來(lái)),because of(因?yàn)椋?,away from(距離),on top of(在頂上),ever since(自從),next to(在隔壁),according to(根據(jù)),in front of(在前方)等。八、動(dòng)詞1、動(dòng)詞的分類:類意義例句別實(shí)義動(dòng)詞含有實(shí)在的意義,表示動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài),在句子中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。IShe has some banana觸吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes.他們常吃土豆。treading an English boo now.我現(xiàn)在正本英文書。本身

40、有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)His fatherJs a teacher.他父立作謂語(yǔ),必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)親是教師。連系成謂語(yǔ)。(be becomelook、feel、sound smell、Twins usually look the same.雙胞胎通常動(dòng)詞taste seem turn、grow看起來(lái)一樣。get go、fall、sit stand一he teacher became veryangry.老師變得很生助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,不能獨(dú)立作 謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一 起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表 示否定、疑問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)、 語(yǔ)態(tài)或其它語(yǔ)法形式,助 動(dòng)詞自身有人稱、單復(fù) 數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。(用 于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被

41、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的He doesn t spealknglish.他不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。We are playing basketball.我們?cè)诖蚧@球。Do you have a brother?你有兄弟嗎?be (am, is, are ,was were, been, being )切于 完成時(shí)的have(has,had,having); 用于將來(lái)時(shí)的shall(should) ; will (would)和 用于一般時(shí)的do(does,did).)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義,不能獨(dú)立、 作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起 構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的 語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有 人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,有些情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去

42、式。(can(could) ,may (might), mus1 ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need 等Kou can keep the books for two weeks.這些書你國(guó)以 借兩個(gè)星期。May I smoke here?我可以在這兒抽煙嗎?卜We must go now我們現(xiàn)在 t役走了。2、動(dòng)詞詞形變化一覽表:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表:原形動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾現(xiàn)在時(shí)單三現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)規(guī)則變化情況人稱去分詞一般情況+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,0吉尾+es+ing+ed輔音字母+y結(jié)尾尸 i,+es+ingy-i,+ed

43、重讀閉音節(jié)一元一輔結(jié)尾+s雙寫輔音字母,+ing雙寫輔音字母,+ed不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+s去掉e,+ing+die結(jié)尾+sie f y,+ing+d不規(guī)則變化have has be is(無(wú))(見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng) 詞變化表)(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表:(原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞)be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeanbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistabreakb

44、rokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancouldrideroderiddecatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnset

45、setsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshowfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/flyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottersleepsleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokegivegavegi

46、venspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspiltgrowgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughholdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurthurtthinkthoughtthougkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthro

47、wknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodlunderlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakec1 wokelearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned wearworewornleaveleftleftwillwouldlendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewittenlielaylain四、數(shù)詞1、分類:數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。英語(yǔ)的數(shù)詞可以作句子的主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。2、基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目的詞叫基數(shù)詞。12 onetwothree fourfive six seven eight ni

48、ne ten eleven twelve13141516171819thirteen fourteenfifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen2030405060708090100twenty thirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeighty ninetyone(a) hundred2335101twenty-three thirty-five one hundred and one英語(yǔ)中常用的基數(shù)詞有3、序數(shù)詞:表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。1、英語(yǔ)的序數(shù)詞基本變法:一般在基數(shù)詞后加th,(2)-ve結(jié)尾的改為-fth,(3)-ty

49、結(jié)尾的改為-tieth,(4) 熟記特殊詞。2、序數(shù)詞如下:1st2nd3rd4th 5th6th 7th8th9th10th11th12th X firstsecondX third fourth fifthsixth seventh eighth ninthtenth eleventh twelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth20th 30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetiethone undredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-first twenty-second

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