高中英語高考巧解單選略題方法

1、高考英語巧解單選省略題方法省略是指在不影響句子意思明了、清楚的前提下，將句子中的某些成分省略掉，從而使所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容更加緊湊和簡潔。近年來，許多高考試題為增加其靈活性和考查考生綜合運(yùn)用 語言的能力，經(jīng)常利用省略這一手段來編制試題，或考查考生對省略句的判斷和理解，或借 省略為干擾考查其他相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，并因此出現(xiàn)了不少同學(xué)們望而生畏的難題，本文擬就如何 應(yīng)對這類試題作一分析，并介紹五種攻克省略難題的方法。一、整句還原法所謂整句還原法，即指通過分析題干所提供的情景或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，將命題者省略的部分補(bǔ)充完整，然后再根據(jù)完整的句子進(jìn)行分析和答題。如：“Whatwere you trying to prove t

2、o the police? ” I was last night. ”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What分析：此題應(yīng)選C,其余三項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。做對此題的關(guān)鍵是要明確答語部分為省略句，若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為： I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night.其 中where引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句。請?jiān)倏匆韵骂愃圃囶}：“Whatmade her so happy?”herson passed the college entrance examinations. A. ThatB.不填C. SinceD. F

3、or此題選 A,若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為： That her son passed the college entrance examinatio ns made her so happy.“Whatmade you so upset? ” my wallet. ”A. LostB. Losing C. Having lostD. Being lost此題選 B,若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為： Losing my wallet made me so upset.“Whatdid she tell you?” she would be late ”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Wheth

4、er此題選 A,若將其補(bǔ)充完整，即為： She told me that she would be late.I want to improve my English, but I don know . What can you suggest?A. whenB. howC. whyD. where分析：此題應(yīng)選B,其余三項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，其實(shí)此句為省略句，若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為： but I don tknow how to improve my English.請看以下類彳以試題：I think the door is locked, but I better go and make sur

5、e it .A. doesB. hasC. wasD. is答案選 D,為 and make sure it is locked之省略。Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can remember.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. that答案選 C,為 I can tremember which city he comes from 之省略。He didn stell half as many computers as he thought he.A. hadB. wasC. wouldD. sold答案選

6、C,為 He didn tsell half as many computers as he thought he would sell 之省略。二、常識(shí)語境法常識(shí)語境法指的是，同學(xué)們在補(bǔ)充省略成分時(shí)要充分考慮句子本身的語境，有時(shí)還要結(jié) 合一定的生活常識(shí)和學(xué)科常識(shí)，即補(bǔ)充完整的句子不僅要符合語法，而且要符合情理。如：“ Ilike you more than her, my dear. ” Youmean more than love her or more t han she loves ?”A. you, meB. she, youC. I, meD. I, you分析：做對此題的關(guān)鍵是要

7、弄清填空句是個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為 You mean that you love memore than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me?句意為 你是說你愛我勝過你愛她，還是說你愛我勝過她愛我？，所以答案應(yīng)選 Ao若選其他答案，從語法上也是對的，但不合情理。Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ.A. a highB. a higher C. the higherD. the highest分析：此題答案為 B 此句實(shí)

8、為 Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class h as a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不僅句意仍然清楚，而且顯得更為簡潔。 句意為“我懷疑班上有沒有哪個(gè)人比他智商更高”，即 我認(rèn)為他可能是班上智商最高的請?jiān)倏匆韵骂愃频念}目(分析理由同上，答案均選A):How beautifully she sings! I have never heard voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best I never found

9、job. ” Congratulations. ”A. a better B. a bestC. the better D. the best“Whatdo you think of the service here? Oh,wonderful. We couldn htavefound place.”A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the bestHow cold it is! Wd venever had day this winter.A. a colder B. a cold C. the coldestD. the colder三、一致驗(yàn)

10、證法所謂一致驗(yàn)證法，即指在補(bǔ)充省略成分時(shí)，要注意考慮句子結(jié)構(gòu)的前后一致性，此法尤 其適合于做因承前省略而擬編的試題。如：I think I can fix it tomorrow. If , you lhave to wait till Friday.A. notB. can tC. don tD. won t分析：答案應(yīng)選 A。if not 為 if I can fix it tomorrow 之省略。其中的 if I can fix it tomorrow與前面的I can fix it tomorrow 一致。注意，此題不能選B,因?yàn)榫渥右咽÷粤酥髡Z。下面請?jiān)倏匆粋€(gè)類似的例子：If th

11、e weather is fine, we llgo. If , .A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not此題應(yīng)選 A。If not, not.為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.全句意為 如 果天氣好，我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同，只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡潔起見，于是將后句與前句相同部分省略， 只保留否定詞 not。They are different in form but in meaning.A. not B. noC. aren

12、t D. don t分析：答案選 A , but not in meaning 為 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。 又如： In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother .A. killingB. to killC. killedD. kill答案選 C, but the mother killed 為 but the mother was killed 之省略。) The apartment fine for two people, but .A. no moreB. no anyC

13、. not more D. not any答案選 C, but not more 為 but it is not fine for more than two people 之省略。四、語法分析法英語中有些省略是由特定的語法現(xiàn)象造成的，同學(xué)們在做題時(shí)首先要確定句子的省略涉 及什么語法結(jié)構(gòu)或語法現(xiàn)象等，然后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的語法知識(shí)來分析作答。如：“Whohas eaten all the cake, Jim?” Oh, must your two pet dogs.”A. it B. they C. that D. which分析：許多同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為此題應(yīng)選B ,因?yàn)槠浜蟮膟our two pet d

14、ogs為復(fù)數(shù)。但實(shí)際上，此題的最佳答案就是 A,不僅涉及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型這一考點(diǎn)，而且是其省略形式，此句若補(bǔ)充完整， 即為：It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better it yo u vegot some big bills coming.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgetting D. to forget分析：此題最佳答案為 Ao考查had better后接動(dòng)詞原形的用法。但是考題

15、中將you had better這一結(jié)構(gòu)省略成 better,致使許多同學(xué)一時(shí)看不出來。又如：Better go with him.最好同他一起去。Better have the operation right now.你最好還是現(xiàn)在就動(dòng)手術(shù)?！癢ould you like to come for a walk with me? I prefer , thank you.”A. not toB. to notC. notD. can t分析：答案選 A, I cprefer not to 為 I (prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意， 在該省略結(jié)構(gòu)中，用以

16、代表不定式的to不宜省去。請看類例：“ShallI give the dog a chocolate? ”It better.”A. not toB. to notC. don tD. can t答案選 A,為It better not to give the dog a chocolate之省略。注意，不定式的否定 式要將not置于不定式符號(hào)to之前，而不是之后。I would mend your radio, but I don k now . A. howB. toC. how toD. to how答案選 C,為 but I don tknow how to mend it 之省略。

17、五、邏輯推斷法有的省略試題難度比較大，不僅涉及語法知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等，而且還要求考生根據(jù)題干 所提供的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理。如：She Soo thin. She gain some weight but she too little. A. would, ateB. will, eatsC. would, eatsD. will, ate分析：此題有些難度，許多同學(xué)不知如何分析。我們先根據(jù)題目所提供的選項(xiàng)將句意大致勾出來：她太瘦了。她會(huì)增加體重的，但她吃得太少了。根據(jù)句首She stoo thin這一所給信息可知，她瘦”應(yīng)是客觀事實(shí)。按照一般的常識(shí)，吃得少”就會(huì)引致 瘦“，吃得多”就會(huì)導(dǎo)致 胖”，

18、由于根據(jù)句首的信息，她瘦”是客觀事實(shí)，所以她 吃得少”也應(yīng)是事實(shí)，所以第二空應(yīng)填eats（即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)）。根據(jù)上面的分析：她瘦”和她吃得少”均為客觀事實(shí)，那么 她體重會(huì)增加”就應(yīng)是假設(shè)（注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but）,所以第一空應(yīng)填 would o其實(shí)，此句可理解為 but前省略了一個(gè)條件狀語if she ate more （如果她多吃一點(diǎn)的話）。所以，此題最佳答案選 Co“ Everyonesays you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?” .A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes

19、C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really 分析：答案選 B,答句是對針對 You never sleep in class, do you?這一問句來回答的， Yes, sometimes 為 Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class 之省略，其意為 不，上課有時(shí)睡 覺”。若選其余幾項(xiàng)，均會(huì)導(dǎo)致邏輯不通。請看類例：You veever been to the village, have you?” “.It is the most beautiful village I _ ”ve ever seen.A. No, neverB. No,

20、I have C. No, only once D. Yes, only once分析：答案選 D, Yes, only once 為 Yes, I have. But I vdD een there only once.之省 略，句意為 不，我去過，但只去過一次”。注意句末的 It is the most beautiful village I veever seen表明 我”去過那兒，所以不能選A。那么方法之后，再看幾道題：I .I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A. whereB. whatC. ho

21、wD. which【分析】此題答案選D,主要與上文的some book or other （某一本書）這一語境有關(guān)，全 句句意為：我在某一本書上讀到過它，是哪一本書這很重要嗎？”請看類例：“Whotold you?” Oh,somebody or other, I veorgotten .”A. whatB. whenC. whichD. who答案選D。句意為：誰告訴你的？ ”噢，有個(gè)人，我忘記是哪一個(gè)了。”Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can remember .A. whatB. whenC. whichD.

22、whom最佳答案為Co句意為 宥些學(xué)生開會(huì)遲到了，但我不記得是哪些學(xué)生了I was last night.”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What此題應(yīng)選 C,其余三項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，答句為省略句，其完整形式為I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night.（where引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句）。以下類似試題：(1) “Whatmade her so happy?”her son passed the college entranceexn . ”What were you trying to prove to

23、 the police? aminations.A. ThatB.不填C. SinceD. For【分析】此題選A,為That herson passed the collegeentrance examinationsmadeherso happy.之省略。(2) “Whatmade you so upset?my wallet.A. LostB.LosingC. Having lostD. Being lost【分析】此題選B,為Losingmy wallet made me so upset.之省略。(3) “Whatdid she tellyou?”she would be late

24、”A. ThatB.WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】此題選A ,為She told me that would be late.之省略。(4) “Whatdid he ask you?I would be late.”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】 此題選 D,為 He asked me whether I would be late.之省略。綜合練:1. “What were you trying to prove to the police?I waslastnight.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What

25、【分析】此題應(yīng)選 C,其余三項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，答句為省略句，其完整形式為I wastrying to prove to the police where I was last night. (where 弓I導(dǎo)的是個(gè)賓語從句）。請看以下類似試題:(1) “Whatmade her so happy?her son passed the college entrance examinations.A. ThatB.不填C. SinceD. For【分析】 此題選A ,為That herson passed the college entrance examinations made her so

26、happy.之省略。(2) “Whatmade you so upset?my wallet.A. LostB. LosingC. Having lostD. Being lost【分析】 此題選B,為 Losing my wallet made me so upset.之省略。“Whatdid she tell you?” she would be late ”A. ThatB.WhenC. WhereD.Whether【分析】此題選A,為She toldme thatwould belate.之省略?！癢hatdid he ask you?” I would be late.”A. Tha

27、tB.WhenC. WhereD.Whether【分析】此題選D,為He asked mewhether I wouldbelate.之省略。If the weather is fine, we llgo. If , .A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not【分析】 此題應(yīng)選 Ao If not, not.為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.全 句意為 如果天氣好，我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同，只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡潔起見，于是將后句與前

28、句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞not。又如：If it is cheap, I b uy it. If not, not.如果這東西便宜，我就買；如果不便宜，我就不買。If you study hard, you lbucceed. If not, not.你若努力，你就會(huì)成功；你若不努力，你 就不會(huì)成功。If you start at once, you lCatch the train. If not, not.你若馬上動(dòng)身， 你就會(huì)趕上火車； 你若不馬上動(dòng)身，你就趕不上火車了。請?jiān)倏匆韵吕?只保留否定詞not)。如：“Caryou repair it yourself? Iam afra

29、id not.你自己會(huì)修嗎？恐怕不行。(=Iam a fraid I cant repair it myself.)“Didyou know anything about it? ” Notuntil you told me.這事你以前知道嗎？你 告訴我才知道。(=I didnt know anything about it until you told me.)Will it rain today? ” Ihope not.”今天會(huì)下雨嗎？”希望不會(huì)?！?=Ihope it will not r ain today.)She not a dancing teacher, is she?” .

30、A. Yes, and she isn tB. Yes, but she wasC. No, but she isn tD. No, but she was【分析】 此題最佳答案為 D,可視為 No, she isn tBut she was a dancing teacher.之省略， 即其意為 她現(xiàn)在不是舞蹈教師，但她過去是“。此題也可以是No, but she used to be.“Alice,why didn you come yesterday? ” I, but I had an unexpected v _ J _isitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was goin

31、g toD. did【分析】此題應(yīng)選C,為I was going to come之省略，意為 我本來是打算來的“，這與 其后but I had an unexpected visitor的語境剛好吻合。注意不能選 would ,因?yàn)樗鼪]有 打 算”之意。5.In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and .A. the poor the poorB. poor poorC. the poor poorerD. poorer the poor【分析】 此題應(yīng)選 Co句子后半部分為- and the poor are becoming poorer之省略。句意為 在有些西方國家，富人變得更富，而窮人則變得更窮工句中的the rich指 富人”，thepoor指 窮人”。按英語習(xí)慣，若前后兩句謂語動(dòng)詞相同，則后句通常可承前省略。又如：He is a teacher and his wife a nurse.他是老他妻子是護(hù)士。(.his wife a nurse=.his wife is a nurse)John won the first race and Mick the second.約翰贏了第一場比賽 ，米克贏了第二場比 賽。(. and Mick the