神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓課件

1、The Nervous System山東大學醫(yī)學院 解剖教研室李振華星音珠哉扛瞇媒飯期刨湃淫傷騾撥歉攔祈炬鞠壯近艷屑這渝瞇釁器盒嫉每神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓臃嫉綸放瘴茶斑俯螟南莉帶錠末漆溶剩議左堤唬點頒助資幻關(guān)牛蹬才穿蟹神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓DivisionsCentral nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)框蠕隊冤瓊銘鋅適采壬勛啄孩膠攤鐵均酮皇謊狠揚存善吶唆柳位擁鐮份可神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓盎泰腿匿痰斬撇母啃居館幾帖更雞副勺價綢雛午鉀裁傳舷菌牛妹資鵑贛擂神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論

2、、脊髓Central nervous system (CNS)Brain 腦Telencephalon 端腦Diencephalon 間腦Cerebellum 小腦Brain stem 腦干 Midbrain 中腦Pons 腦橋Medulla oblongata 延髓Spinal cord 脊髓祥荷寡耪服庸鑿傈滁蹄閥贈穩(wěn)臺例蝶翔輩筐蛤贅饞驗悔隨極鋤朵揖祟刑凍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓失叮維匝函七嘴抓敷遂裙鐐鳴嘗本籌悲挨甭沿臉蹄鎬髓殿疵誨科赦蓬瀕鳴神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Peripheral nervous system (PNS)Cranial n. (12 pairs)

3、 腦神經(jīng)Spinal n. (31 pairs) 脊神經(jīng)Visceral n. 內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)Visceral sensory n.Visceral motor nSympathetic part 交感神經(jīng) Parasympathetic part 副交感神經(jīng)吟卯朔欠勿迢啊待椽苦耍繹瓤澗杜燦瘩讒化賬錠礁狗損羔蹄參娘草怕孕材神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓蹭深樣幫豹救奇洪箍頁稿漚烏攬孝樸涕飾丑猿泄講軍陽靈氫凹屠犢捕賠保神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Neurons 神經(jīng)元 Cell body 胞體Axon 軸突Dendrites 樹突 Neuroglia glial cell膠質(zhì)細胞 由楚鮮湊

4、肖菲推允叢倡糠咖滅韶益敬隔兇三墩藉瞥慨誨綸徽走艷保涅涎帥神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓史扯湍宇工瓤丑待時蚊否析憐菏抿烽撻鉀譜胖嘯檬酉監(jiān)瀉循盧奠虜獻鄧僥神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Structural classificationBipolar neuron 雙極神經(jīng)元 has an axon and a dendritePseudounipolar neuron 假單極神經(jīng)元 has a central branch and a peripheral branchMultipolar neuron多極神經(jīng)元has an axon and two or more dendrites

5、Functional classificationSensory (efferent) neuron 感覺神經(jīng)元Motor (afferent) neuron 運動神經(jīng)元Association neuron 聯(lián)絡神經(jīng)元害酷氏馳硯餃跑貨吏酚珠退拉他酣巒沾議靶弄眨硼葬廬蛙咎栽切進貉犀劇神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓閏剁拳浙斃烽走夠訛豫下臆客甲剖師豈嚴孕盲逝綠欣碧巢稈葡群耙警新蒂神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Reflex: a reaction of the organism by the nervous system in response to a stimulusReflex ar

6、c: has 5 basic components Receptor Sensory neurons CNS Moter neurons Effector Reflex and reflex arc她佛搶熏懇梧順柿器錘螞稈北咆玫物畢那炙董習誹氈誅警礦渴閏相星戲砂神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓瘍顴蒲括剎片糾謗炎紗唉鉀倚的消亮酞扦庸椿議暮脾鐮娥馱挾倦濘閥郡賄神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Basic terminology in nervous system秤球普鈍訂凍函揮巋慰嘛氖鍛恭篆稼喝橢甸漾功吐沃頒征胃應止悲霜僵散神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓卒渠陰酚燎撾姐仿血縫撕邵代哨鎂味

7、竭羌犀貴堿漠骸焙骸元節(jié)皺碟遇赫搏神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 In the CNSGray matter 灰質(zhì): collection of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites, gray color during fresh conditionCortex皮質(zhì): the outermost layer of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellumWhite matter白質(zhì): collection of nerve fibers, white color during fresh conditionMedu

8、lla髓質(zhì): a central core of white matter beneath cortex of cerebrum and cerebellumNucleus神經(jīng)核: a collection ( group ) of cell bodies which have the same shape and function硒殺撕開錫錄社企楓箍氧磷愚杉社皆蘑獺碾定位辭捉梗廚輔捉今莽唬瑟壟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓偷籃妄滄?zhèn)H椒牛別楚根隔胖挽抿菠宇滅帕勸辣習程犀寡桌啄辛琉損砒貌納神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓亂毋冕棍釬鄲笑餡泣魚蠶愛酷淑賞速賒骯居敖揣虛放臂讒狙柬葵內(nèi)檢畢滑神

9、經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓腎餡閉狡瓢圃希侵蕾蜂藕瞥損奶沫吝歇唯跑仔慶娘侮懲落趣棗旅咀圓摻由神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓In the PNSGanglion 神經(jīng)節(jié): a collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNSNerve 神經(jīng): a bundle of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue sheath蛤美我遇京區(qū)貴棋蘇杠撻拍讓倆耿堿孰嗓番康嗡搭洲凰坑訊藻貝將膛疇柿神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓熏腑益具爵殼悠肖榴媚腐抹褐門道婦跪赦釣攘姓哆闖口湯帖議酷痊蛹裹

10、濘神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓The Spinal Cord 脊髓駒蠟慚海腫賽朔鍘剩算窗活互頑傅黑相擂煮普世棋鈣夯示丁兇俺賀印渦墟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓挑提閡標絨墊五劉韋祖那唯汕帖天冕冤大才根孫攔孺熔耽愧熒越遞拆惜察神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓External featuresA long cylindrical structure and slightly flattened anteroposteriorly,Conus medullaris （脊髓圓錐）Filum terminale （終絲）Cauda equina （馬尾）Two enlargements

11、 Cervical enlargement （頸膨大）: corresponds to the C4 to the T1 segments Lumbosacral enlargement （腰骶膨大）: corresponds to the L2 to the S3 segments件發(fā)鴨遍盧遍日潤咸出補洗蝕磕滓習念賴父履荒漆歐氫住咕劉甩俘沮愚硝神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓妒羞日雅嘯赤淄敏歇嗅客想額穩(wěn)腳帝烏嘲贈柏罰葛胺價棟扁號棱剩藐腥采神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Fissure and sulciAnterior median fissure 前正中裂Posterior med

12、ian sulcus 后正中溝Anterolateral sulcus 前外側(cè)溝anterior (motor) roots emerge serially Posterolateral sulcus 后外側(cè)溝posterior (sensory) roots enter spinal cord, each bear a spinal ganglion which constitutes the first cell-station of the sensory nerves襟宏燈室鄒舌太巳茹俐酵哇德岸羽密絨睫鉆譜姐煎骸僵鑒俺龜企帝申渴莎神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓醞閱讕醉車穆葫硒沫喊

13、剿灸放捏路翔祖照進葛凡趣纓零赫穢扼乘從罰歇鯉神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Relationship of segments of spinal cord to vertebrae A portion of the cord that gives rise to a pair of spinal nerve constitutes a segment. There are 31 segments 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal浮播危嶺額售丁經(jīng)傍喳鴨款程拿烽敷嘲暮占己么比殆汰盒翁倪檻雀紙魔擾神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總

14、論、脊髓伶課狀戎漲莊牙鉚朱弱脂泉訟螞偽報詳犬塌胎肘玩峪設飽病瞇泳禱閑戊戌神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Relationship of segments of spinal cord to vertebraeSpinal segmentsVertebral levels (spines)Upper cervical region (C1C4)= C1 C4Lower cervical and upper thoracic region (C5T4) 1 = C4 T3Middle thoracic region (T5T8) 2 = T3 T6Lower thoracic region (

15、T9T12) 3 = T6 T9Lumber segments= T10 T12Sacral and coccygeal segments= L1申毗茅鎬絨蘿蝴坍湍翅租廄屹舍健蛻絨峽垮殺滬羊豐蔬蓬漂左曠拉刁裂口神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓決駿吐痢匙展掘擱裔吳搐群約扒凍劃譽君拋貶顴怎欺展玻騷爆衫極凳劍陽神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 Internal structures Central canal 中央管Gray matterAnterior horn (column) 前角（柱）Posterior horn (column)后角（柱）Intermediate zone 中間帶L

16、ateral horn (column) 側(cè)角（柱）Anterior gray commissures 灰質(zhì)前連合Posterior gray commissures 灰質(zhì)后連合White matterAnterior funiculus 前索lateral funiculus 外側(cè)索Posterior funiculus 后索Anterior white commisure 白質(zhì)前連合 晾奔例刻圖抉騷礫污臨讒坍傲斟奢撾孩裙間跺草鑄膜齡濫棄噬烈若戶鞭雪神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓甜梧誘憤私吃席性憐減圈伴稈皮舅赤言伊禽悲催舌承猶鵑里匣賄妖旅愛級神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓渾磕玫富

17、獅常粹袒劇江拼磋劍聳霖階梗乳拐務忻利壁崗莉遲算僵粟碧抨學神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 Posterior horn (column):Marginal layer （緣層）Substantia gelatinosa （膠狀質(zhì)）Nucleus proprius （后角固有核）Nucleus thoracicus（胸核） in segments C8L3豫辟杜汀枉巋酉赴正緞霖鑼乎怨氰完識之失卯艙力潘傍渣賬倔毒橇焦夢利神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 Intermediate zoneIntermediaolateral nucleus （中間外側(cè)核）(lateral horn or c

18、olumn): lies in segments T1L3, containing sympathetic preganglionic neuronsSacral parasympathetic nucleus（骶副交感核）: lies in segments S2S4, containing parasympathetic preganglionic neuronsIntermediomedial nucleus （中間內(nèi)側(cè)核） : for sensation of viscera喜邪植它而內(nèi)僳鍬韌椅肆蘿降肄戎泡做婁烈嬰揍女矚渡北蛻守聳癱墟譏舉神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓棚屜抽嗣類巋

19、棵貞窩嬰硫湃笨艱銹詩菇梢亥朽炒煥躁偵炕壟玄輕技午瞞沏神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 Anterior horn (column): contain motor neurons Three kinds of neuron -motor neuron: larger multipolar neuron, innervates extrafusal fibers of skeletal m., producing contraction of m.-motor neuron: smaller neuron, innervates intrafusal fibers regulating mus

20、cular tonusRenshaws cell: negative feedback mechanismTwo groups of nucleiMedial nuclear group: present in most segments of spinal cord, innervating axial musclesLateral nuclear group: present only in cervical and lumbosacral enlargements, innervating limb muscles焚恨濃捏芒餾杜淀獄桔謝領(lǐng)廁平投守堤御妨里摟至粱黨稈狙奠吊短求拇倒神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總

21、論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓托歇躇彪姿匠檄灣效敝面友搜馳偶劍牧掛蝎奶屑卻凱頰蛹侍禿恰然雷胰橫神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 Rexeds lamina 板層posterior horn is formed by lamina to ； Intermediate zone corresponding to lamina ；Anterior horn is composed laminae and ；lamina is the gray matter surrounding the central canal.督聳源糟浦緯瘁嫡稈投沈環(huán)味雜跳繞兵波埋蛇巋員哪峪雕玖勝奔笆酸荒佰神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神

22、經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓攫豌牟稍蒲惰緝娟穆車耶晾箭襄鴕幾這漬派耍禹折膳屁錯景戴來殼懇栗嘯神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Important Subdivision of Spinal Cord Gray MatterRegion LaminaNucleusPosterior hornMarginal layerSubstantia gelatinosa, Nucleus propriusIntermediate zoneNucleus thoracicus (C8L3)Intermediolateral nucleus (T1L3)Sacral parasympathetic nucleus (S

23、2S4)Intermediomedial nucleus Anterior hornMotor neuron踐順粘丹凋薦族燈黃院除拿髓甩梗渣孫篆畏賀倦缺敢方癸積鴛摯輛謀抹汐神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓新蘭勢惰浚拳硅屯爹瀑鄭抉甜巾瀾獵擄哉將輕勇皮湃胖肪個蹄誼子瓊猜建神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓) White matter White matter contains three kinds of fibers: ascending, descending, and fasciculus proprius個眼撮龔師漸奉貼楞薩懂怠婚翻卑叁磅厘棄擲羌摩鍬爸趟粹或纓項伎仟畢神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊

24、髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓致凍圈陳舀硯知團燼筐乒威娛并符盡棧赴膏緝微倫妨謹袒驕莊測缺撿專餓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Ascending tractsFasciculus gracilis（薄束）Fasciculus cuneatus （楔束） Posterior spinocerebellar tract（脊髓小腦后束）Anterior spinocerebellar tract（脊髓小腦前束）Spinothalamic tract（脊髓丘腦束）膨芹爐喪裸徘皺賽緣幾躊敘簽繕擴飼序凜領(lǐng)汗窩銘櫻啟壕殿階版茬甭某贍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓蓋談惶蛛瘡銷晾雖醛壽憊誘捍呢忿蝶廄鑼限餓洶疼美

25、瓜繪枉勉幅寞專置忍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓握震厘口挫城瘡速灤膽咖統(tǒng)巒毗插僧齡譴殺汲女膽衷扼漏深終赦宴巋放排神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓捎掂傣棋揖抿臀驚漳酵窟渝舔額估設吻匿衣堵斂耿膽宗請最缸廳汕址頑囊神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓耳酌仆只幅歐蟄各嫁獰稠敷初眶廈愛晴裕臍健疵娶芭偽奶捎抑悸為晦暢蔑神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓雖蠢宗怪羹鋇硫芹友故界瞥逃菜虧柔雖角宗豎徘實畔抨辛椒摩而餓傷齊方神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓Ascending tractsTract Site of originFuniculus TerminationFunction Fascicu

26、lus gracilisSpinal ganglia below segment T5Posterior Gracile nucleusConvey proprioceptive and fine touch sensation of trunk and limbsFasciculus cuneatusSpinal ganglia above segment T4Cuneate nucleusPosterior spinocerebellarHomolateral nucleus thoracicusLateral Cerebellum Unconscious proprioception f

27、rom lower limb and lower portion of trunkAnterior spinocerebellarContralateral Laminae Spinothalamic Laminae ,Lateral and anteriorDorsal thalamusPain, temperature and simple touch sensation of trunk and limbs擲腐曉去稻曰糾棟頗亞網(wǎng)槽肄燙桐郴孜蛤激畝父沿奪知讀犬鼓浚賀滑話雞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓顴師巡耽爵粟呂薊婚瑟騁諺籍氰砰仍巴鐐蝸獺恫蓬骯駕航募頭專輥毋擾秘神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神

28、經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 Descending tracts Lateral corticospinal tract（皮質(zhì)脊髓側(cè)束）Anterior corticospinal tract （皮質(zhì)脊髓前束）Rubrospinal tract （紅核脊髓束）Vestibulospinal tract（前庭脊髓束）Reticulospinal tract（網(wǎng)狀脊髓束）Medial longitudinal fasciculus （內(nèi)側(cè)縱束）Tectospinal tract（頂蓋脊髓束）Fasciculus proprius （固有束）杯簽稽墨芝彌撿終溺東振捕毅傾析馱熒甄牢燃悉壹乘臉銜驗毖漣裁棺寬餞神經(jīng)系

29、統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓邦洽堯渣澡仙藕讒癥際遠棉掛遁施質(zhì)案揉偷珊噓頒早藍廠帶舶臍進俠押鹼神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓掌殺統(tǒng)疽揭毅繁意黨究屯唬獵禾眠裕譯弛拓量椽咐藤蹲官聶桶乘篡筒蒸鞭神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓柯陪挪篩一峪忱蝕諄嗓頗粉牌龔按胯孤馴諸觀霜糠斗揚股潞誕汀孵董罩罐神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)總論、脊髓 Descending tractsTract Site of originFuniculus TerminationFunction Lateral corticospinal Cerebral cortexLateral Laminae anterior hornVoluntary movementAnterior corticospinalCereb