選修7動(dòng)詞不定式與被動(dòng)語態(tài)Unit2-Grammar1-2

1、GrammarPassive Voice一. 復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)(Revise the Passive Voice) 英語動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài) （the active voice）和被動(dòng)語態(tài)（the passive voice）兩種形式。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者; 被語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主動(dòng)語態(tài)) Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))Music is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：用公式表示為:(主動(dòng)) S+V+O S(O

2、)+V(be+ V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如：Miss Li is teaching music now. 一般：be done進(jìn)行：be being done完成：have been done一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/are given過去was/were given 將來shall/will be given時(shí)式二、常見主被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表am/is/are being givenhas/have been givenwas/were being givenhad been givenshall/will have been given1. English is spoken al

3、l over the world.2. The water is being turned into vapour.3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet.4. He was seen to enter the room.5. At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.6. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.7. Mad

4、ame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.8. Before you come back, the building will have been finished.不定式被動(dòng)式的用法:不定式與其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。一般被動(dòng)式即 to be done表示其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生;完成被動(dòng)式即to have been done表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built w

5、ithin the month.他命令在月內(nèi)建成這座橋。(一般被動(dòng)式)She was glad to have been given so much help.得到如此多的幫助, 她很高興。(完成被動(dòng)式)三. 動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變化一覽表一般式進(jìn)行式完成式主動(dòng)to doto be doingto have done被動(dòng)to be doneto have been doneThe meeting to be held is of great importance.(2) The bridge to be built next year is just between the one bui

6、lt last year and the one being built now.(3) This house seems to have been built by a good architect.More examples:通常在believe, suppose, say, report等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子中可以進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語態(tài)到被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及被動(dòng)語態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.It is said that Mike is sick in bed.Mike is said to be sick in bed.據(jù)說麥克臥床不起.Peo

7、ple believe that he was killed.It is believed that he was killed.He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被殺了。二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式, 在句中作主語、賓語、定語, 或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等。It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. (主語)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語)He thought it an honor to hav

8、e been invited to the party. (復(fù)合賓語)The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (復(fù)合謂語)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定語)三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在“npron +

9、be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 常用的形容詞有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。如：He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with3. 在“tooto do; enough to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： The problem is too difficult to work out/ (to b

10、e worked out) The house is big enough to live in.4. 在“with +n + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如： With nothing to do, he lay in bed With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema5. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。如：I have a letter to type today(I是to type的邏輯主語)Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的邏輯主語)6. 當(dāng)不定式隱含在 for sb. to d

11、o結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7. 一些作表語用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有 let (出租), rent, hire, blame 等。例如：The house is to letI felt l was to blame.8.不定式同疑問詞連用時(shí). In society, I really dont know who to complete fairly wi

12、th.NOTICE動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的使用普遍, 有時(shí)(尤其在口語中)雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的, 也往往用主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.I. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。1. He wanted the letter _ (type) at once.2. It is the first such project _ (design) by Chinese engineers.練一練to be typedto be des

13、igned3. They knew him _ (arrest) by the police.4. Hell show you the right path _ (take).5. He said he was _ (send) there to attend an important meeting next Friday.to have been arrestedto taketo be sent6. She didnt want her son _ (take) away.7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ (t

14、ell) everything.8. She is busy preparing for the exams _ (hold) next month.9. He hurried to the station only _ (tell) that the train had left.to be takento have been toldto be heldto be told1. Go over key words and expressions. 2. Go over the grammar and do the exercise on page 14 in the textbook.Ho

15、mework Ex.2 P.14 1. to be designed2. to be rebuilt3. to be accompanied by4. to be known as5. to be filled with6. to be tested out7. to be envied8. to be set aside2Choose the verbs in the passive to complete the passage.3list divide connect attach accompany organize surround On the morning of Decembe

16、r 10th, Marion began to writeher cards for Christmas. There were so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They_ in the alphabetical order of the receivers family names. There were sixty in all. The cards would _into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few eve

17、ry afternoonBecause from then on till Christmas her time would_into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that were listedbe dividedbe organizedafternoon there would be no time for cards. She was going to learn how to display flowers beautifully . She was _ by her neighbor, Sally . The

18、y_ to a community program. Then on ChristmasDay their families would _by lovely flowerdisplays, excellent presents , and above all family affection. Marion _ to her family and enjoyed making them happy. Thinking of that she sighed happily and began to write the first card.to be accompaniedwere connec