化學(xué)用語中英文對(duì)照(修訂)(共32頁)

1、化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室常用(chn yn)物品英文名稱1、常用(chn yn)儀器試管(shgun) test tube 試管架 test rack試管夾test tube holder玻璃棒 glass rod 滴管medicine dropper 小滴管 dropper燒杯 beaker 不銹鋼杯stainless-steel beaker酒精燈alcohol burner酒精噴燈blast alcohol burner本生燈Bunsen burner量杯 measuring cup量筒 measuring cylinder measuring/graduated flask漏斗 funnel分液漏斗

2、separatory funnel布氏漏斗Busher funnel 赫氏漏斗Hirsch funnel 長(zhǎng)頸漏斗long-stem funnel 無頸漏斗stemless funnel 濾紙 filter paper華特門濾紙Whatman (filter) paper廣口瓶wide-mouth bottle 燒瓶 flask 平底燒瓶florence flask 碘量瓶 iodine flask錐形瓶Erlenmeyer flaskconical flask容量瓶 volumetric flask measuring flask移液管 (one-mark) pipette移液管架pipet

3、te rack洗耳球 rubber suction bulb刻度移液管graduated pipettes吸液管pipette滴定管 burette滴定管夾burette clamp滴定架burette holder滴定臺(tái) support holder酸氏滴定管Geiser burette (stopcock) 堿氏滴定管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock石蕊試紙litmus paper石蕊litmuspH值指示劑PH indicatorpH計(jì) pH meter廣泛ph試紙universal ph indicator paper三口燒瓶3-neck roun

4、d bottom flask蒸餾裝置distilling apparatus蒸餾燒瓶 distilling flask滴液漏斗 dropping adapter加裝溫度計(jì)的瓶塞reducing adapter減壓蒸餾頭vacuum-distilling adapter克氏蒸餾頭Claisen distilling adapter 球型冷凝管Allihn condenser直型冷凝管West condenser空氣冷凝管air condenser Liebig condenser蛇型冷凝管 Grahams condenser蒸餾頭three-way adapter分餾柱fractionating

5、 column 接液管105 degree bent adapteradapter 曲頸甑retort坩堝crucible (pot)melting pot坩堝鉗crucible clamp crucible tong天平balance , scale分析天平analytical balance電子天平electronic balance臺(tái)秤platform balance游碼crossbeams and sliding weights稱量瓶weighing bottle稱量紙weighing paper研缽mortar研杵pestle瑪瑙研缽agate mortar2、其他常用器皿及儀器洗瓶

6、 plastic wash bottle試劑瓶 reagent bottles塞子(si zi)stopper橡膠(xingjio)塞rubber stopper玻璃(b l)塞Pennyhead stopper玻璃活塞 stopcpck藥匙lab spoon鑷子forceps升降臺(tái)lab jack鐵架臺(tái)iron support圓形漏斗架cast-iron ring萬能夾extension clamp蝴蝶夾double-buret clamp螺旋夾screw clamp 石棉網(wǎng)asbestos-free wire gauze三角架tripod 攪拌裝置 stirring device攪拌棒st

7、irring rod表面皿 watch glass蒸發(fā)皿 evaporating dish瓷蒸發(fā)皿porcelain 旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)器 rotary evaporator trap冷凝器 condenser玻璃活塞 stopcock止水夾flat jaw pinch cock彈簧節(jié)流夾pinch clamp橡膠管rubber tubing恒溫循環(huán)儀Thermostatic circulator 真空泵vacuum pump真空閥vacuum traps 多頭抽真空裝置vacuum manifold抽濾瓶filter flasksuction flask離心機(jī)centrifuge離心管centrifu

8、ge tube電爐 heater馬弗爐furnace烘箱oven微波爐電熱套heating mantle電動(dòng)攪拌器power basic stirrer磁力攪拌器magnetic stirrer轉(zhuǎn)子rotor 水浴bath沸石boiling stone剪刀scissor烤缽cupel石蠟封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specific gravity bottle提勒熔點(diǎn)管Thiele melting point tube 水銀溫度計(jì)(mercury-filled) thermometer溫度計(jì) thermometer倒置顯微鏡Inverted microscope擦鏡紙wip

9、er for lens玻璃片glass plate蓋玻片cover glass載玻片slide閃點(diǎn)儀flash point tester折光儀refractometer紫外燈ultraviolet illumination狹槽slot秒表stopwatch空氣過濾器air filter(laminar flow cabinet)藥柜cupboard衣服掛鉤coat hanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask消毒器Sterilizer消毒劑disinfector空調(diào)機(jī)air conditioner搖床shaker 螺絲釘screw螺絲刀screw drive

10、r螺栓，插銷bolt 鎖緊螺母nut, cap nut齒槽,插口socket扳手shifting spanner 錘子 hammer釘子 nail插頭 plug電極 electrode電泳槽gel tank微細(xì)胞；小電泳槽minicell復(fù)印機(jī)duplicatorcopying machine復(fù)印紙copy paper復(fù)寫紙carbon paper關(guān)節(jié)joint計(jì)時(shí)器timer鬧鐘(nozhng)alarm clock訂書機(jī)stapler U形釘staple3、有關(guān)(yugun)化學(xué)反應(yīng)(huxu fnyng)的詞匯分析analysis分餾fractionation吸熱反應(yīng)endothermi

11、c reaction放熱反應(yīng)exothermic reaction熱力學(xué)thermodynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)kinetics沉淀precipitate, precipitation沉淀,沉降sediment, sedimentation蒸餾distill, distillation煅燒calcine氧化oxidize, oxygenate堿化alkalinization中和neutralize, neutralization滴定titration氫化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脫水dehydrate發(fā)酵fermentation溶解solution燃燒combustion熔解fu

12、sion, melting堿性alkalinity同分異物現(xiàn)象isomerism水解hydrolysis電解electrolysis電解質(zhì)溶液electrolyte電極electrode陽極,正極anode陰極,負(fù)極cathode催化catalyse, catalyze催化劑catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization, oxidation還原劑reducer分解dissolution, decomposition合成synthesis可逆的reversible不可逆的irreversible儀器設(shè)備 apparatus產(chǎn)物(chnw) product1.有機(jī)(yuj)

13、化合物的官能團(tuán)和重要的基團(tuán)官能團(tuán) functional group雙鍵(shun jin) double bond三鍵 triple bond烴基 hydroxy group琉基 mercapto硫輕基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亞氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亞硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基

14、 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group?；?acyl group活性亞甲基 active methylene group2.有機(jī)化合物的類型烴 hydrocarbon石蠟 paraffin脂肪烴 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烴 alkane烯烴 alkene炔烴 alkyne共扼二烯烴 conjugated diene脂環(huán)烴 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺環(huán)化合物 spiro compound橋環(huán)化合物 bridged ring compound芳烴 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烴 nonbenzenoid aromatic

15、hydrocarbon稠環(huán)芳烴 condensed aromatics鹵代烴 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether環(huán)氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亞磺酸(hun sun) sulfinic acid磺酸(hun sun) sulfonic acid亞砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半縮醛 hemiacetaI半縮酮 hemiketal縮醛 acetal縮酮 ketal西佛堿 shiffs base肟

16、 oxime腙 hydrozone縮氨脲 semicarbazone,-不飽和酮,-unsaturated ketone醌 quinone羧酸(su sun) carboxylic acid酰鹵 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內(nèi)酯 lactone內(nèi)酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羥基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸(y sun)乙醋 ethyl acetoace

17、tate亞硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基(xio j)化合物 njtro compound亞胺 imine胺 amine 伯胺 primary amine 仲胺 secondary amine 叔胺 tertiary amine 季銨鹽 quaternary ammonium salt 季銨堿 quaternary ammonium hydroxide重氮鹽 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亞磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate

18、膦酸 phosphonic acid3.雜環(huán)化合物吡咯(blu) pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline異喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓鹽 pyrylium salts黃酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有機(jī)天然產(chǎn)物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物堿 alkaloid 碳水化合物 carbohydrate單糖

19、(dn tn) monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脫氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖(gutng) fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷(tnggn) glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麥芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纖維二糖 cellobiose環(huán)糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纖維素 cellulose類脂 lipid萜類化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty ac

20、id甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蠟 wax5.有機(jī)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)理論 價(jià)鍵理論 valence-bond theory分子軌道理論 molecular orbital theory 共振論 resonance theory 凱庫勒式 Kekule formula 路易斯式 Lewis formula 鍵 bond 鍵 bond 鍵能 bond energy 鍵角(jin jio) bond angle 鍵長(zhǎng) bond Iength 成鍵軌道 bonding orbital 反鍵軌道(gudo) antibondin

21、g orbital 最高已占軌道(gudo) HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital 最低末占軌道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng) inductive effect 共軛效應(yīng) conjugated effect,-共軛 ,- conjugation p,-共軛 p,- conjugation 超共軛作用 hyperconjugation 離域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy給電子基團(tuán) electron donating group吸電子基團(tuán)

22、electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克爾規(guī)律 Huckels rule兩性離子 Zwitterion6.有機(jī)化學(xué)中的同分異構(gòu) 異構(gòu)體 isomer 構(gòu)造 constitution 構(gòu)型 configuration 構(gòu)象 conformation 構(gòu)造異構(gòu) constitutional isomerism 立體異構(gòu) stereo isomerism 構(gòu)型異構(gòu) configurational isomerism 順反異構(gòu) cis-trans isomerism 次序規(guī)則 sequence ruIe 同側(cè) Zugammen Z 異側(cè) Entgegen E

23、 順式 cis 反式 trans 對(duì)映異構(gòu) enantiomerism = 光學(xué)異構(gòu)旋光異構(gòu) optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度(gungd) optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation對(duì)稱(duchn)面 plane of symmetry對(duì)稱中心 center of symmetry對(duì)稱軸 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子(fnz) chiral molecules對(duì)映異構(gòu)體 ，對(duì)映體 enantiomer非對(duì)映體 diastereomer外消旋體 raceme左旋體 levei

24、somer右旋體 dextroisomer內(nèi)消旋體 mesomer費(fèi)歇爾投影式 Fischer projection相對(duì)構(gòu)型 relative configuration絕對(duì)構(gòu)型 absolute configurationR -構(gòu)型 R -configurationS -構(gòu)型 S -configuration赤式 erythro蘇式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光學(xué)純度 Optical Purity對(duì)映體過量百分?jǐn)?shù) enantiomeric excess立體專一性反應(yīng) stereospecific reaction立體選擇性反應(yīng) stereosele

25、ctive reaction不對(duì)稱合成 asymmetric synthesis構(gòu)象異構(gòu) conformational isomerism構(gòu)象分析 conformational analysis鋸架式(ji sh) perspective formula紐曼投影(tuyng)式 Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立(zh l)鍵 a鍵 axial bond平伏鍵 e鍵 equatorial bond互變異構(gòu) tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向異構(gòu)化 epimerization變旋現(xiàn)象

26、mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有機(jī)反應(yīng)的名稱取代反應(yīng) substitution reaction加成反應(yīng) addition reaction馬爾科夫尼可夫規(guī)律 Markovnikov rule共軛加成 conjugate addition消去反應(yīng) elemination reaction查依采夫規(guī)律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼規(guī)律 Hofmann rule硼氫化反應(yīng) hydroboration催化加氫 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反應(yīng) polymerization單體 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反應(yīng) nitration鹵化反

27、應(yīng) halogenation磺化反應(yīng) sulfonation烷基化反應(yīng) alkylation酰基化反應(yīng) acylation酯化反應(yīng)(fnyng) esterification酯交換反應(yīng)(fnyng) transesterification脫羧反應(yīng)(fnyng) decarboxylation氯甲基化反應(yīng) chloromethylation傅列德爾-克拉夫茨反應(yīng) Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反應(yīng) Grignard reaction格利雅試劑 (格氏試劑) Grignard reagent賴默-梯曼反應(yīng) Reimer-Tiemann reaction鹵仿反應(yīng) halofor

28、m reaction水解反應(yīng) hydrolysis reaction醇解反應(yīng) alcoholysis reaction氨解反應(yīng) ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy 縮合 condensation克萊森縮合 Claisen condensation 安息香縮合 benzoin condensation 羥醛縮合 aldol condensation 列弗爾馬茨基反應(yīng) Reformatsky reaction邁克爾反應(yīng) Michael reaction諾文格爾反應(yīng) Knoevenagel reaction加布里反應(yīng) Gabriel

29、 reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis威廉遜合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡試驗(yàn) Hinsberg test重氮化反應(yīng) diazotization reaction 偶聯(lián)反應(yīng) coupling reaction脫氨基反應(yīng) deamination reaction維悌希反應(yīng) Wittig reaction 氧化反應(yīng) oxidation reaction 還原反應(yīng) reduction reaction 周環(huán)反應(yīng)(fnyng) pericyclic reacti

30、on環(huán)加成反應(yīng)(ji chn fn yn) cycloaddition reaction電環(huán)化反應(yīng)(fnyng) electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎羅反應(yīng) Cannizzaro reaction齊齊巴賓反應(yīng) Chichibabin reaction狄爾斯-阿德爾反應(yīng) Diels-alder reaction斐林試劑 Fehling reagent托倫試劑 Tollens reagent 沃克還原 Wolff-Kishner reduction羅森蒙德還原 Rosenmund reduction克萊門森還原 Clemmenson reduction 考普重排 Cope rearr

31、angement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克萊森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯體 diene親二烯體 dienophile分子軌道對(duì)稱守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有機(jī)反應(yīng)機(jī)理均裂 homolytic異裂 heterolytic活性中間體 active intermediate 碳正離子 carbocation 碳負(fù)離子 carbanion烯醇負(fù)離子 enolate anion自由基，游離基 f

32、ree radical 卡賓，碳烯 carbene 氮烯 nitrene速度決定步驟 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能線圖 energy profile過渡狀態(tài) transition state鄰基參與 neighboring group participation動(dòng)力學(xué)控制(kngzh) kinetic control熱力學(xué)控制(kngzh) thermodynamic control離去基團(tuán) leaving group底物(d w) substrate親電試劑 electrofphile親核試劑 nucleophile親電加成反應(yīng)

33、electrophilic addition親電取代反應(yīng) electrophilic substitution定位規(guī)律 orientation rule親核取代反應(yīng) nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反應(yīng)機(jī)理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反應(yīng)機(jī)理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦爾登轉(zhuǎn)化 Walden inversion 親核加成反應(yīng) nucleophilic addition親核加成-消去反應(yīng) nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction消去反應(yīng)機(jī)理 elimination reaction

34、 mechanismE1 反應(yīng)機(jī)理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反應(yīng)機(jī)理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反應(yīng)機(jī)理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反應(yīng) free radical reaction鏈引發(fā) chain initation鏈增長(zhǎng) chain propagation鏈終止 chain termination9.有機(jī)化合物的光譜紅外光譜 IR Infrared spectra傅立葉變換 Fourier Transform指紋區(qū) finger print region吸收頻率

35、 absorption frequency紫外光譜 UV Ultraviolet spectra電子躍遷 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩爾(m r)消光系數(shù) molar extinction coefficient發(fā)色團(tuán) chromophore助色團(tuán) auxochrome核磁共振(h c n zhn) NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 譜 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 譜 13CNMR spectra屏蔽(pngb)效應(yīng) shielding effect化學(xué)位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spi

36、n-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常數(shù) coupling constant質(zhì)子去偶 proton spin decoupling質(zhì)子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling質(zhì)譜 Mass Spectra(MS)電子流轟擊 election impact (EI)快原子轟擊 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子離子峰 molecular ion peak 同位素峰 isotopic peak 基峰 base peak質(zhì)荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子間作用力氫鍵

37、 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force范德華力 Van Der Waals force偶極-偶極作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性質(zhì)熔點(diǎn) melting point沸點(diǎn) boiling point 密度 density溶解度 solubility偶極矩 dipole moment12.有機(jī)(yuj)化合物的酸堿性酸性(sun xn) acidity堿性(jin xn) basicity本站材料僅為本院教師與學(xué)生教學(xué)所用，請(qǐng)勿它用！化學(xué)用語中英文對(duì)照organic chemistry 有機(jī)化學(xué)inorganic ch

38、emistry 無機(jī)化學(xué)derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 鹽酸sulphuric acid HYPERLINK /search/offer_search.htm?keywords=硫酸&tracelog=pd_info_promo t _blank 硫酸 nitric acid HYPERLINK /search/offer_search.htm?keywords=硝酸&tracelog=pd_info_promo t _blank 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有機(jī)酸hydr

39、osulphuric acid 氫硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氫化硫alkali 堿,強(qiáng)堿ammonia 氨base 堿hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氫氧化物,羥化物hydracid 氫酸hydrocarbon 碳?xì)浠衔?羥anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物堿aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸鹽acetate 醋酸鹽methane 甲烷,沼氣butane 丁烷salt 鹽potassium carbonate 碳酸鉀soda 蘇打sodium carbonate 碳酸鈉caustic potash 苛性鉀caustic soda 苛

40、性鈉ester 酯gel 凝膠體analysis 分解fractionation 分餾endothermic reaction 吸熱反應(yīng)exothermic reaction 放熱反應(yīng)precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸餾distillation 蒸餾to calcine 煅燒to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 堿化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脫氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氫化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脫

41、水fermentation 發(fā)酵solution 溶解combustion 燃燒fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 堿性isomerism, isomery 同分異物現(xiàn)象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 電解electrode 電極anode 陽極,正極cathode 陰極,負(fù)極catalyst 催化劑catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 還原劑dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 煉油refinery 煉油廠cracking 裂化sepa

42、ration 分離fractionating tower 分餾塔fractional distillation 分餾distillation column 分裂蒸餾塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 凈化hydrocarbon 烴,碳?xì)浠衔颿rude oil, crude 原油petrol HYPERLINK /selloffer/汽油.html t _blank 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油氣LNG, liquefied natural gas

43、 液化天然氣octane number 辛烷數(shù),辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蠟kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 潤(rùn)滑油asphalt 瀝青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烴high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高級(jí)汽油,高辛烷值汽油plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化學(xué)纖維synthetic rubber 合成橡膠solvent 溶劑product 化學(xué)反應(yīng)(huxu fnyng)產(chǎn)物flask 燒瓶(sho

44、png)apparatus 設(shè)備(shbi)PH indicator PH值指示劑,氫離子(濃度的)負(fù)指數(shù)指示劑matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊試紙graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 試劑test tube HYPERLINK /search/offer_search.htm?keywords=試管&tracelog=pd_info_promo t _blank 試管 burette 滴定管retort 曲頸甑still 蒸餾釜cupel 烤缽crucible pot, melting pot 坩堝pipette

45、吸液管 HYPERLINK /selloffer/filter.html t _blank filter 濾管stirring rod 攪拌棒element 元素body 物體compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子數(shù)atomic mass 原子質(zhì)量molecule 分子electrolyte 電解質(zhì)ion 離子anion 陰離子cation 陽離子electron 電子isotope 同位素isomer 同分異物現(xiàn)象polymer 聚合物symbol 復(fù)合radical 基structural form

46、ula 分子式valence, valency 價(jià)monovalent 單價(jià)bivalent 二價(jià)halogen 成鹽元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金屬metalloid 非金屬有機(jī)化學(xué)常用基團(tuán)(j tun)中英文對(duì)照Common control group of Organic Chemistry in Chinese and English 甲基(縮寫(suxi)Me)methyl乙基(縮寫(suxi)Et)ethyl丙基(縮寫Pr)propyl丁基(縮寫B(tài)u)butyl戊基amyl，pent

47、yl己基hexyl庚基heptyl辛基octyl壬基nonyl癸基decyl十一(ShY)烷基hendecyl十二(sh r)烷基dodecyl十六(烷)基/鯨蠟(jn l)基cetyl十七(烷)基heptadecyl十八(烷)基octodecyl苯基(縮寫Ph)phenyl苯甲基/芐基phenmethyl苯乙基phenylethyl三價(jià)苯基phenenyl乙氧苯基phenelyl，ethoxyphenyl萘基naphthyl菲基phenanthryl菲啶基phenanthridinyl乙烯基(縮寫(suxi)Vi)vinyl，ethenyl乙炔(y qu)基ethinyl己烯基hexenyl

48、庚烯基heptenyl喹啉(ku ln)基quinolyl吩噻嗪基phenothiazinyl醌基quinonyl，benzoquinonyl甲酸基formyl乙?；⒋姿峄鵤cetyl丙烯酰acryloyl，acrylyl氨基/胺基amidocyanogen，羰基carbonyl羧基carboxyl羥基/氫氧基hydroxyl酯烷基ester alkyl烷基alkyl芳基aryl環(huán)戊基cyclopentyl環(huán)己基cyclohexyl硝基(xio j)nitro-Bunsen burner 本生燈product 化學(xué)反應(yīng)(huxu fnyng)產(chǎn)物flask 燒瓶(shopng)apparat

49、us 設(shè)備PH indicator PH值指示劑,氫離子(濃度的)負(fù)指數(shù)指示劑matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊試紙graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 試劑test tube HYPERLINK /search/offer_search.htm?keywords=試管&tracelog=pd_info_promo t _blank 試管 burette 滴定管retort 曲頸甑still 蒸餾釜cupel 烤缽crucible pot, melting pot 坩堝pipette 吸液管 HYPERLINK /se

50、lloffer/filter.html t _blank filter 濾管stirring rod 攪拌棒element 元素body 物體compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子數(shù)atomic mass 原子質(zhì)量molecule 分子electrolyte 電解質(zhì)ion 離子anion 陰離子cation 陽離子electron 電子isotope 同位素isomer 同分異物現(xiàn)象polymer 聚合物symbol 復(fù)合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, v

51、alency 價(jià)monovalent 單價(jià)bivalent 二價(jià)halogen 成鹽元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金屬metalloid 非金屬Actinium(Ac) 錒Aluminium(Al) 鋁Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) HYPERLINK /search/offer_search.htm?keywords=銻&tracelog=pd_info_promo t _blank 銻 Argon(Ar) 氬Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Bari

52、um(Ba) 鋇Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 鈹Bismuth(Bi) 鉍Boron(B) 硼B(yǎng)romine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 鎘Caesium(Cs) 銫Calcium(Ca) 鈣Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 鈰Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 鉻Cobalt(Co) 鈷Copper(Cu) 銅Curium(Cm) 鋦Dysprosium(Dy) 鏑Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 鉺Europium(Eu) 銪Fermium(Fm) 鐨Fluorine(F)

53、 氟Francium(Fr) 鈁Gadolinium(Gd) 釓Gallium(Ga) 鎵Germanium(Ge) 鍺Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 鉿Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 鈥Hydrogen(H) 氫Indium(In) 銦Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 銥Iron(Fe) 鐵Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 鑭Lawrencium(Lr) 鐒Lead(Pb) 鉛Lithium(Li) 鋰Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 鎂Manganese(Mn) 錳Mendelevium(Md) 鍆Mercu

54、ry(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 鉬Neodymium(Nd) 釹Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 鎳Niobium(Nb) 鈮Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 鋨Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 鈀Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 鉑Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 釙Potassium(K) 鉀Praseodymium(Pr) 鐠Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 鏷Radium(Ra) 鐳Radon(Rn)

55、氡Rhenium(Re) 錸Rhodium(Rh) 銠Rubidium(Rb) 銣Ruthenium(Ru) 釕Samarium(Sm) 釤Scandium(Sc) 鈧Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 銀Sodium(Na) 鈉Strontium(Sr) 鍶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 鉭Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 鋱Thallium(Tl) 鉈Thorium(Th) 釷Tin(Sn) 錫Thulium(Tm) 銩Titanium(Ti) 鈦Tungsten(W) 鎢Uranium(U) 鈾Vanadium(V) 釩Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 鐿Yttrium(Y) 釔Zinc(Zn) HYPERLINK /search/offer_search.htm?keywords=鋅&tracelog=pd_info_promo t _blank 鋅 Zirconium(Z