計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語Chapter5課件

1、內(nèi)容正文History of Programming Languages Object-oriented Programming 閱讀材料Introduction to The C# Language and The .NET Framework Introduction to Python 1 History of Programming Languages Key Wordspunch card n.穿孔卡片appearance n.外觀decimal adj.十進(jìn)位的formulaic adj.公式的Turing machine圖靈機(jī)magnetic drum 磁鼓assembly la

2、nguage 匯編語言error-prone 易于出錯的Backus-Naur Form (BNF)BNF范式context-free上下文無關(guān)lexical adj.詞匯的;語詞的 Key Wordspolymorphic adj.多形態(tài)的tedious adj.冗長乏味的defense contractors 國防承包商postulate v.假設(shè)compilation n.編譯garbage collection垃圾回收static typing靜態(tài)驗(yàn)證extended static checking 延伸靜態(tài)檢查modularity n.模塊mixin n.混合類型delegate n

3、.委托punctuationn.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號 NotesIts principal use is in rigorous analyses of algorithmic complexity. The introduction of lexical scoping for names in arbitrarily nested scopes. However, one important new trend in language design was an increased focus on programming for large-scale systems through the use

4、 of modules, or large-scale organizational units of code. 它主要應(yīng)用在對算法復(fù)雜性的精密分析中。 在任意嵌套中引入了變量名的語義（作用）范圍。 然而，語言設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)重要的新趨勢是應(yīng)用模塊或大型企業(yè)級代碼單元來開發(fā)大型系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。NotesThe limited speed and memory capacity forced programmers to write hand tuned assembly language programs.The design of Java was a more conservative

5、 version of ideas explored many years earlier in the Smalltalk community, but the widespread adoption of languages that supported features like garbage collection and strong static typing was a major change in programming practice. 有限的速度和內(nèi)存容量迫使程序員手工編寫優(yōu)化了的匯編程序。 Java的設(shè)計(jì)比Smalltalk社區(qū)在很多年前就已經(jīng)探索過的想法更保守，但是

6、，對于支持垃圾回收和強(qiáng)靜態(tài)類型等特性的編程語言的廣泛采用是一個(gè)在實(shí)際編程中的主要變化。 2 Object-oriented Programming Key Wordsobject-orientedadj. 面向?qū)ο蟮膒aradigmn. 范例inheritancen. 繼承modularityn. 模塊性polymorphismn. 多態(tài)性encapsulationn. 封裝nascentadj. 初期的virtuen. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)attributen. 屬性propertyn. 屬性behaviorn. 行為 Key Wordsfeaturen. 特征jargonn. 行話traitn. 特性co

7、mbinatorialadj. 組合的extrapolationn. 推斷notionn. 概念cementv. 加強(qiáng)toolkitn. 工具包，軟件包event-driven programming 事件驅(qū)動編程思想virtual machine虛擬機(jī) NotesObject-oriented programmings roots reach all the way back to the creation of the Simula programming language in the 1960s, when the nascent field of software engineeri

8、ng had begun to discuss the idea of a software crisis.Object-oriented programming may be seen as a collection of cooperating objects, as opposed to a traditional view in which a program may be seen as a collection of functions, or simply as a list of instructions to the computer.面向?qū)ο缶幊痰母纯梢宰匪莸?0年代出現(xiàn)

9、的Simula編程語言，當(dāng)時(shí)新生的軟件工程界已經(jīng)開始討論軟件危機(jī)了。面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛞苍S可以被看成一個(gè)由相互合作的對象組成的集合，而傳統(tǒng)的看法則把程序看成由許多函數(shù)組成的集合，或是簡單的計(jì)算機(jī)指令集合。NotesA class should typically be recognizable to a non-programmer familiar with the problem domain, meaning that the characteristics of the class should make sense in context.一個(gè)類通常對于熟悉問題域的非程序員應(yīng)當(dāng)是可識別的，

10、也就是說，類的特性在上下文中應(yīng)該有意義的。 Reading Material 1Introduction to The C# Language and The .NET Framework Exercises The _ was an abstraction of the operation of a tape-marking machine, for example, in use at the telephone companies.In 1948, Konrad Zuse published a paper about his programming language _, an ear

11、ly systems programming language, was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson at Bell Labs between 1969 and 1973.The 1960s and 1970s also saw considerable debate over the merits of _, which essentially meant programming without the use of _.In the 1980s, one important trend in language design wa

12、s an increased focus on programming for large-scale systems through the use of _, or _ of code.Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses _ to design applications and computer programs._ is behavior that varies depending on the class in which the behavior is invoked, that is, two or more classes can react differently to the same m