機電專業(yè)英語-Two--ComputerAided-Design課件

1、機電專業(yè)英語Unit Two ComputerAided Design FocusSection One Warming - upSectionTwoRealWorld:WhatisCAD?Section Three Brighten Your Eyes: Computer-Aided DesignSection Four Translation SkillsSection Five Writing: QuestionnaireSection Six Grammar: Gerund Section Two Real WorldListen and role-play the following

2、 dialogue which isabout CAD. What is CAD?Jessica: What is CAD?Lucas: CAD is short for the computer-aided design.Jessica: I see.Lucas: CAD is normally used in engineeringdesign, and has completely changed this area.Jessica: Why do you say so?Lucas: Because CAD makes engineering design computerized, s

3、aves a lot of time and human effort. You know, CAD has many advantages.Jessica: What are they?Lucas: CAD provides designers with more options and more techniques. Jessica: Oh, thats true. Could you give me an example? Lucas: OK. Now the engineers can draw a part on the computer screen. Its very conv

4、enient for them to use CAD to do that. Jessica: How about the accuracy?Lucas: Perfect. Errors and mistakes are corrected immediately on the computer display screen.Jessica: Anything else? Lucas: The output of the CAD can be easily processed by the CAM, so that the information of the designed product

5、 can be used to create a program for manufacturing.Jessica: Marvelous!Words & Expressions normally n:rmli adv. 正常地；通常地 under normal conditionscomputerize kmpju:traiz vt. 用計算機做（操作，編排等），（使）計算機化 control a function, process, or creation by a computer advantage dvntd n. 優(yōu)勢；有利條件 condition or circumstance

6、that gives one superiority or successprovide prvadvt. & vi. 提 供； 供 給 cause or arrange from (sb.) to have or use (sth. needed or useful); supplyoption p()n n. 選擇權(quán)；可選物 one of a number of courses of action that are possible and may be chosen technique teknikn. 技術(shù)；技巧；技能 method of doing sth. That needs s

7、kill, especially in art, music, etc.convenient knvinjnt adj. 方便的；便利的 suited to ones needs or to the situation; not causing any difficultyaccuracy kjrsin. 準(zhǔn)確（性）；精確（度） the state of being exact or correct; the ability to do sth skillfully without making mistakes error er(r) n. 錯誤 a mistakedisplay displ

8、ei n. 陳列；展覽 an act of displaying sth, or sth that is displayedoutput autput n. 輸出 final product; the things producedprocess pruses vt.加工；處理 put sth through an industrial or ma-nufacturing process in order to change or treatmanufacture mnjufkt(r) vt. 制造 make, produce (goods, etc.) on a large scale by

9、 machinerymarvelous mvls adj. 令人驚異的 extraordinarily good or greatbe short for 是的縮寫；簡稱provide . with . 對提供Proper NamesCAD (Computer-Aided Design) 計算機輔助設(shè)計CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) 計算機輔助制造Section Three Brighten Your Eyes Pre-reading questions:1. Have you studied the subject of CAD? Are you goo

10、d at it?2. Have you got the certificate about CAD?Computer-Aided DesignComputer-Aided Design (CAD) is using computer technology to aid in the design and particularly the drafting of a part or product. CAD is sometimes translated as“ computer-assisted” ,“ computer-aided drafting” , ora similar phrase

11、. Related acronyms are CADD, which stands for “ computer-aided design anddrafting” , CAID for“ computer-aided industrial design” , and CAAD for “ computer-aided architecture design” . All these terms are essentially synonymous, but there are some differences in meaning and application. CAD is used t

12、o design, develop and optimize product. CAD is also extensively used in the design of tools and machinery, in the manufacture of components, and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential types (houses) to largest commercial and industrial structure (hospital and fa

13、ctories). Nowadays, CAD has become an especially important technology, which greatly improves work effciencycompared with hand drafting. It has many advantagessuch as lowering product development costs and shortening the design cycle. CAD enables designers to lay out and develop work on screen, prin

14、t it out and save it for future editing, thus saving time on their drawings. Words & Expressions aid ed n. 輔助物；輔助手段 sb. or sth. That provides help and especially makes a process easier or more effectiveparticularly prtkjlrliadv. 特別；尤其 especially; in a way that is special and different from othersdra

15、fting drft n. 起草 the craft of drawing blueprints assist sst n. 幫助；協(xié)助 help or assistanceacronym krnm n. 首字母縮略詞 a word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the nameindustrial ndstril adj. 工業(yè)的；產(chǎn)業(yè)的 of industry and the people who work in it architecture ktekt(r) n. 建 筑 學(xué)； 建 筑 術(shù) the art

16、 and science of building,including its planning, making, and decorationessentially senli adv. 本質(zhì)上；本來 in essencesynonymous snnms adj. 同義的 (of words) meaning the same or nearly the sameapplication plken n. 應(yīng)用 a particular practical useoptimize ptmaz vt. 使完善；使優(yōu)化 make optimal; get the most out of;use be

17、st extensively kstensvli adv. 廣泛地；大規(guī)模地 in a widespread waycomponent kmpunnt n. 零 部 件； 元 件； 組 成 部 分 any of the parts of which sth. is made residential rezdenl adj. 住宅的 containing or suitable for private housescommercial kml adj. 商 業(yè) 的 of or for commerce; of business practices and activitiesefficiency

18、 fnsi n. 效率 result of workshorten tn vt. & vi. （使）變短 to become shorteredit edit vt. & vi. 編輯 prepare for printingstand for 代表；象征compared with 與比較enable . to do 使能夠做lay out 設(shè)計；安排；陳列print out 印出Section Four Translation Skills 科技英語的翻譯方法與技巧科技英語的特點科技英語用于表達自然科學(xué)和工程技術(shù)中的相關(guān)概念、原理、事實等，強調(diào)表達的客觀性和真實性，要求語言敘述準(zhǔn)確規(guī)范、簡潔

19、流暢、邏輯性強。科技英語語法就是為了實現(xiàn)這一基本要求，并且充分體現(xiàn)了這一基本特點?？萍加⒄Z語法最突出的特點如下。 1專業(yè)詞匯多有些英語詞匯在普通英語里和科技英語里的含義在表達時差別很大。The overrides give you the ability to alter the programmed feed and speed, spindle direction,and rapid traverse motion. 修調(diào)（倍率）鍵用于改變程序中編寫的進給速度和主軸轉(zhuǎn)速，主軸轉(zhuǎn)向和快速移動速度。 override 在普通英語中是“踐踏、代理傭金”的意思，而在數(shù)控技術(shù)中常常指“倍率，修調(diào)”。

20、又如， apron 在普通英語中是“圍裙”的意思，而在專業(yè)英語中翻譯成車床的“溜板箱”；engine lathe 就是指普通車床； pocket 在專業(yè)英語中有時是“刀套”的意思，有時是“槽、凹處”的意思。這類專業(yè)詞匯很多，只有大量閱讀本專業(yè)文獻，才能很好地掌握。 2被動語態(tài)多據(jù)統(tǒng)計，科技英語中的謂語至少有三分之一是被動語態(tài)?？萍加⒄Z中大量使用被動語態(tài)，這是因為文章需要客觀地敘述事理，而不是強調(diào)動作的主體。為了強調(diào)所論述的客觀事物，人們常把它放在句子的首位。此外，第一、第二人稱使用過多，會造成主觀臆斷的印象。被動語態(tài)比主動語態(tài)帶有更少的主觀色彩，這是科技作品所需要的。因此，在科技英語中，凡是在

21、不需要或不可能指出行為的主體的場合，或者在需要突出行為客體的場合都需要使用被動語態(tài)。 After the layout work is completed, machinists perform the necessary machining operations. 規(guī)劃工作完成以后，機械工就進行必要的加工操作。Machinists also ensure that the workpiece is being properly lubricated and cooled, because the machining of metal products generates a signific

22、ant amount of heat. 機械工同時要保證工件被恰當(dāng)潤滑和冷卻，因為金屬產(chǎn)品加工會產(chǎn)生大量切削熱。 Dull - cutting tools are removed and replaced. 用鈍了的刀具要卸下并更換。 3定語（從句）多科技英語中經(jīng)常需要說明、定義或限制一些概念、條件等，此時需要用定語從句或復(fù)雜的限定語來表達。Lathe is a machine that turns a piece of metal round and round against a sharp tool that gives it shape. 車床是一種相對尖銳的刀具旋轉(zhuǎn)金屬件的機床，這種

23、尖銳的刀具使金屬件獲得所要的形狀。在修飾 machine 的定語從句中還套著一個定語從句 that gives it shape。 Some machinists, often called production machinists, may produce large quantities of one part,especially parts requiring the use of complex operations and great precision. 一些機械工（經(jīng)常被稱作“制造機械工”）可能要大批量地制造某種零件，尤其是那些操作復(fù)雜和精度要求高的零件。句中用了過去分詞和現(xiàn)

24、在分詞作定語。To repair a broken part, maintenance machinists may refer to blueprints and perform the same machining operations needed to create the original part. 為了修理已損壞的零件，維修機械工要參考圖紙，進行與制造新零件所需的相同的機加工操作。 4非謂語動詞多英語的每個簡單句中，只能用一個謂語動詞。如果有幾個動詞，就必須選出主要動詞當(dāng)謂語，而將其余動詞用非謂語動詞形式（v.-ing, v.-ed, to v. 三種形式）表示，這樣才能符合英語

25、的語法要求。There is a lot of manual intervention required to use a drill press to drill holes. 使用臺式鉆床鉆孔，需要很多人工的干預(yù)。這里 required 用過去分詞作定語， to use, to drill 都是非謂語動詞形式描述動作。又如 :As the bending progresses, the top roll is pressed further down and the radius of the bent workpiece decreases. 隨著彎曲進行，進一步頂進，使工件被彎曲的半徑

26、減少。 Many computer-controlled machines are partially or totally enclosed, minimizing the exposure of workers to noise, debris, and the lubricants used to cool work pieces during machining. 很多數(shù)控機床是全防護或半防護的，這最大限度地減少了工人暴露在噪聲、切屑碎片和工件冷卻潤滑液中的可能性。The process is called die less drawing, as the product being

27、formed without direct contact with a die. 由于產(chǎn)品是在不與模具直接接觸的情況下成型，所以此工藝為無模拉撥。 5復(fù)雜長句多科技文章要求敘述準(zhǔn)確，用詞嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因此一句話里常常包含多個成分。這種復(fù)雜且長的句子居科技英語難點之首，閱讀翻譯時要按漢語習(xí)慣加以分析，以短代長，化難為易。One production machinist, working 8 hours a day, might monitor equipment, replace worn cutting tools, check the accuracy of parts being produce

28、d, and perform other tasks on several CNC machines that operate 24 hours a day (light-out manufacturing).機械制造工一天工作 8 小時，要監(jiān)控設(shè)備運行，更換用鈍的刀具，檢查被加工零件的精度，同時在幾臺 24 小時連續(xù)運行（無人值守制造）的數(shù)控機床上完成其他工作任務(wù)。 Section Five Writing 調(diào)查問卷 (Questionnaire)調(diào)查問卷，就是根據(jù)調(diào)查目的制定問卷，由被調(diào)查者按問卷所提的問題和給定的選項答案進行回答的一種專項調(diào)查形式。問卷調(diào)查是一種常用的專項調(diào)查手段，是國際

29、通行的一種專項調(diào)查形式，既適用于對廣大群眾關(guān)心的問題進行專項調(diào)查，也適用于商家企業(yè)為了解顧客對某種產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的意見和建議而進行的專項調(diào)查。 SampleQuestionnaire 調(diào)查問卷Hello!I am doing a research paper on the Future of Chinese Language. You are lucky to be chosen as one of my interviewees. Your participation will count a lot for the results of my assignment. Please squee

30、ze a few minutes out of your tight schedule and answer the following ten simple questions for me. I will appreciate your help 你好！我在做一個關(guān)于漢語未來的調(diào)查報告。你有幸被選為受試者之一。你的參與直接關(guān)系到我作業(yè)的成績。請從你緊張的時間里抽出幾分鐘，回答下面十個簡單的問題。我會很感激你的幫助。Basic Information 基本情況 :Age 年齡 : 20Sex (M/ F) 性別 : MJob 職業(yè) : StudentCollege 學(xué)校名稱 : Liaoni

31、ng Mechatronics CollegeMajor 專業(yè) : Mould design and making Please answer the following questions 請回答下列問題： 1. Do you agree that language is an important branch of culture in some sense?你是否同意在某種意義上，語言是文化的一個重要分支？2. How many years have you been studying English (or another foreign language)?你學(xué)英語（或者其他外語）多

32、少年了？ 3. Do you think the ability of using English or another foreign language can help you with your career in the future? And if the answer is yes, in what ways do you think foreign languages are necessary tools?你認(rèn)為英語（或其他外語）的能力能否對你將來的事業(yè)有所幫助？如果你的答案是肯定的，你認(rèn)為在哪些方面外語是必要的工具？4. In 2006, how many books wri

33、tten in Chinese have you read (excluding textbooks and books related to your major)?2006 年你一共讀過多少本中文書籍（不包括課本和其他與你專業(yè)有關(guān)的書）？ 5. Do you think it necessary that the Ministry of Education requires college students to pass theCET-4? And why?你認(rèn)為教育部要求大學(xué)生通過大學(xué)英語四級的規(guī)定是否合理？為什么？6. Do you, or anyone around you, sp

34、end a lot of time studying to pass English proficiency tests, CET-4, CET-6, TEM-4 or TEM-8, etc.?你，或者你身邊的人，有沒有花費很多時間努力去通過某些英語水平測試，如大英四級、大英六級、專業(yè)四級、專業(yè)八級等？7. Which one, A or B, do you spend more hours on per day?在下面哪一項上你每天花費的時間更多？ A. Previewing or reviewing the texts of the Intensive English Class, rea

35、ding English newspapers and magazines to improve your English, or listening to BBC or VOA news to improve your listening English.預(yù)習(xí)、復(fù)習(xí)精讀課，閱讀英文報刊、雜志來提高你的英語水平，或者聽 BBC、 VOA 新聞鍛煉聽力能力。B. Appreciating Chinese novels or poems, reading newspapers or magazines in Chinese, or writing a diary or something else

36、 to express your thoughts.品味中文小說詩歌，閱讀中文版刊雜志，或者記日記、寫其他記錄自己心情的東西。 8. You are copying something very quickly, e.g., notes, but suddenly you forget how to write a certain Chinese character. How often does this happen to you (always, sometimes, seldom or never)?你在奮筆疾書，比如說，記筆記，但是突然你忘記一個字該怎么寫。這種情況發(fā)生在你身上的頻率

37、是多少？（經(jīng)常，有時候，幾乎沒有，從來沒有） 9. Do you think that because more and more Chinese people are learning English Chinese will be replaced by other international languages, e.g., English, and if so, why?你認(rèn)為如果越來越多的人學(xué)英文，中文會不會被其他語言 （如英語）代替？你為什么這么認(rèn)為？10. What can we do to improve the knowledge of the Chinese languag

38、e in college students and thus preserve the heritage of the Chinese language? (At least two suggestions, please.)為提高大學(xué)生的中文水平、保護漢語言的文化遺產(chǎn)，我們能做些什么？（請?zhí)嶂辽賰牲c建議） 一、調(diào)查問卷的結(jié)構(gòu)1問卷說明每一份問卷的開頭，必須有一段簡短的前言，說明研究的目的，指導(dǎo)被調(diào)查者如何回答， 作某些必要的說明，以解除被調(diào)查者的思想顧慮。2被調(diào)查者的基本情況被調(diào)查者的基本情況，主要是指被調(diào)查者的一些主要特征。3調(diào)查問卷的主體內(nèi)容調(diào)查問卷的主體內(nèi)容，就是調(diào)查者所要調(diào)查的基本內(nèi)

39、容，這是調(diào)查問卷中最重要的部分。由于采用問卷的形式，所以調(diào)查問卷的主體內(nèi)容應(yīng)主要是根據(jù)調(diào)查目的，提出調(diào)查的問題和可供選擇的答案。 調(diào)查問卷主體內(nèi)容設(shè)計得好壞，將直接影響整個專項調(diào)查的價值。調(diào)查問卷的主體內(nèi)容主要包括人們的行為、行為后果、態(tài)度、意見、感覺、偏好等。4發(fā)出調(diào)查問卷的單位名稱以及負責(zé)人姓名在調(diào)查問卷的最后應(yīng)寫清發(fā)出調(diào)查問卷的單位名稱以及負責(zé)人姓名。二、調(diào)查問卷的特點1目的要明確，重點要突出，內(nèi)容要簡潔、不宜過多。2提問自然、用詞準(zhǔn)確、通俗易懂、便于實施。3格式整齊美觀。4應(yīng)該給調(diào)查對象留有一定余地，讓其自由發(fā)表意見。 Section Six Grammar 動名詞 (Gerund)動

40、名詞是動詞 ing 形式的一種，是兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞。一、動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化形式其否定形式是在前面加上 not。 二、基本用法（一）作主語動名詞作主語時謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。動名詞作主語的幾種類型：1直接位于句首做主語。例如：Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。2用 it 作形式主語，把動名詞 ( 真實主語 ) 置于句尾。例如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收It was hard getting on the cro

41、wded street car. 這種擁擠的車真難上去。3用于“ There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：There is no saying when hell come. 很難說他何時回來。There is no joking about such matters. 這種事情不能開玩笑。 4用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸煙No parking. 禁止停車5動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。當(dāng)動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，常在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Their coming to

42、 help was a great encouragement to us. 他們來幫助我們對我們是很大的鼓勵。 動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較：（1）動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。例如：Smoking is not good for health. 吸煙有害健康。It is not good for you to smoke so much. 吸煙對你來說是不太好。（2）常用動名詞的句型： It is no use (useless, of little use, no good, dangerous) doing sth.（3）當(dāng)句子中的主語和表語都

43、是非限定動詞時，要遵循前后一致的原則，在形式上要求統(tǒng)一。例如：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼見為實。 （二）作賓語1在及物動詞后作賓語。例如：After hearing the funny story, all of us couldnt help laughing ear to ear. 聽到這個有趣的故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮?。Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? 請你明天給我打電話好嗎？（1）以下動詞后，只能跟動名詞作賓語： suggest,finish, avoid, stop, cant

44、help, mind,enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape,permit 等。例如：I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. 我建議在海邊的一個小鎮(zhèn)過暑假。 （2）動名詞和不定式作賓語的區(qū)別。 部分動詞后面，既可接動詞不定式，也可接動名詞作賓語，意義不變。如： begin,continue, start, hate, like, love, need, requ

45、ire, want 等。 但是，部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大。例如：Dont forget to post the letter for me. 別忘了給我寄信。（表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作）Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了去北京機場接她嗎 ?（表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）mean to do sth. 打算做某事I meant to catch up with the early bus. 我打算坐早班公共汽車。 mean doing sth. 意味著This means wasting a lot of money.

46、 這意味著浪費許多錢。try to do sth. 設(shè)法盡力做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings. 你應(yīng)該設(shè)法克服你的缺點。try doing 試著做某事Try working out the physics problem in another way. 盡量用另一種方法做出這道物理題。stop to do sth. 停下一件事去做另一件事 On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper. 在去機場的路上，我停下來買了份報紙。stop doing sth. 停止做某事Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. 你最好停止?fàn)幷摚次艺f的去做。cant help doing sth. 禁不住They couldnt help jumping up at the news. 聽到這個消息，他們情不自禁地跳了起來。cant help to do sth. 不能幫助干I cant help to make up the room for you.