人教八年級(jí)下冊(cè)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit2動(dòng)詞不定式

1、.*;動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語形式，其構(gòu)造為to +動(dòng)詞原形，其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成的不定時(shí)短語，在句子中可以做主語，表語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語，狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式及性質(zhì)動(dòng)詞不定式的根本形式： to doto 有時(shí)候可省略動(dòng)詞不定式變否認(rèn)：nottodo動(dòng)詞不定式無人稱變化動(dòng)詞不定式任然保存動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語To speak at he meeting to read newspaper動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用做主語動(dòng)詞不定式做主語，表示句子說的是什么指詳細(xì)動(dòng)作。例：To answer the t

2、eachers questions is very difficult.To do my homework often takes me about two hours every day.由于動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞不定式短語做主語放在句首太長(zhǎng)，有頭重腳輕之嫌，所以常常用人稱代詞it來代替它作主語，稱為形式主語，而真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞不定式短語被放在句尾。例：It often takes me about two hours to do my homework every day.It is good for us to do morning exercises every day.于是就出現(xiàn)

3、了初中兩個(gè)重要句型“it takes sb. time to do sth. “it is+形容詞+for /of sb.to do sth.例：It takes me half an hour to come to school. It is difficult for me to finish the homework on tome.二動(dòng)詞不定式作表語動(dòng)詞不定式常在wish, hope, dream等后作表語。Eg：His dream is to become an actor. 他的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名演員 To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)三做賓語動(dòng)詞不定式短語可以放在一些動(dòng)

4、詞的后面用作賓語，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有 hope, want, decide, wish, plan, beg, learn, agree, refuse, afford, would like, need, choose, pretend, promise, expect, fail, demand, 等。They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady.They would like to come by bus.拓展:1既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，又可接動(dòng)詞ing作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別并不大的動(dòng)詞，常見的有：like，love，ha

5、te, begin, start。2既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，又可接動(dòng)詞ing作賓語，兩者意義差異很大的動(dòng)詞，常見的有try to do 盡力做 mean to do 打算做try doing 嘗試做 mean doing 意味著forget to do 忘記去做 remember to do 記得去做forget doing 忘記做過 remember doing 記得做過stop to do 停下來去做另一件事stop doing停頓做正在做的事情作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語所做的動(dòng)作?？梢杂脛?dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：tell, ask, want, like , invi

6、te, encourage, help, teach, order, wish, follow, would like, show. 但在 一感：fell二聽：hear, listen to 三讓：let, make, have四看：see, watch, notice, observe等詞后面做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，可以歸納為以下二種句式不可以省略to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，tell, ask, want, like , invite, encourage, help, teach, order, wish, follow, would lik

7、e, show+sb+to do sthEg: The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. Her parents wish her to be a teacher.2省“to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) = 1 * GB3 Let/make/have+sb+do sthLet the boy go out now.They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. = 2 * GB3 see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb+do sthI heard them a

8、rgue this morning. = 3 * GB3 在why not后Eg：Why not go with us? = 4 * GB3 在had better后Eg：Youd better get up early.注意： = 1 * GB3 help 帶不帶to 都可以Eg：I often help my mother to do housework. = 2 * GB3 此類動(dòng)詞后不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，當(dāng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，必須復(fù)原toEg：William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park.作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，一般都是做后

9、置定語，修飾前面的名詞或者代詞。不定代詞，抽象名詞time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish不定式與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系1，主謂關(guān)系被修飾詞實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯主語Eg： We need someone to help with the work.2動(dòng)賓關(guān)系被修飾的詞是不定式的邏輯賓語Eg：I have many letters to write. There is nothing to eat.注意：當(dāng)不定式與修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而改不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后需要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語。Eg：I am lo

10、oking for a room to live in.I need a piece of paper to write on.當(dāng)不定式作定語且所修飾的詞為time，place, way時(shí)，不定式后的介詞一般要省去。Eg：He had no money and no place to live.作狀語作目的狀語,放在句首或句尾Eg：He stopped to have a rest.He saved some money to buy a new car.2 作原因狀語，跟在表語的形容詞或者過去分詞后Eg：Im glad to see you again.Im sorry to hear th

11、at.3作結(jié)果狀語，用在too.to., enough to do構(gòu)造中Eg：She is too young to understand all that.He is old enough to go to school.動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what， which， how，where， when等特殊疑問詞連用Eg:The question is I dont know when to start. You do not know what to do and how to do課堂練習(xí)1. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A . dont make B

12、. not make C. not making D . not to make2. Her brother decided _ a new bike.A. buy B. buying C. bought D. to buy3. We made him_ five hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked4. Do you have anything _ for yourself?A. say B. to say C. saying D. said5. His mother told him _ in bed.A. dont readB. read notC. to not read D. not to read 6._the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use 7._ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. Speaks B. To speak C. Spoken D. Speak8. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. h